Medicine comes in lots of different packages. Painkillers in a tablet can make y
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Medicine comes in lots of different packages. Painkillers in a tablet can make your headache go away. Antibiotic cream (抗菌素膏) from a tube can prevent your cuts from becoming infected. But can medicine come packaged in chicken eggs?
A team of scientists from Scotland say “yes”. They’ve engineered special chickens that lay eggs with disease-treating drugs inside.
These eggs come from chickens that have been engineered to produce certain drugs inside their egg whites.
These drugs are made of molecules called proteins(蛋白质). Animals make thousands of proteins — they’re the main element in skin, hair, milk and meat. Since animals can make proteins easily, they’re good candidates (候选者) for making protein drugs.
Researchers have already made cows, sheep and goats produce protein drugs in their milk. But chickens are cheaper to take care of, need less room, and grow faster than these other animals. Those qualities could make chickens a better choice to become living drug factories, says Simon Lillico of the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh, Scotland.
Lillico and a team of researchers changed chickens’ DNA — the code that tells cells how to make proteins — so that the birds’ cells made two protein drugs. One drug can treat skin cancer, and the other treats a nerve disease called multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化).
The scientists changed the chickens’ DNA so that the birds made these drugs only in their egg whites. This protects the chickens’ bodies from the drugs’ possible harmful effects and makes it easy for scientists to collect the drugs.
小题1:If you cut your finger, you may use ________ to cure it.| A．painkillers in a tablet | B．antibiotic cream from a tube | | C．chicken eggs | D．protein drugs |
小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．Scientists from Scotland have succeeded in packing medicine into chicken eggs. | | B．The drugs are made of molecules called proteins. | | C．Scientists chose chickens for their experiments because chicken eggs taste delicious. | | D．The animals are good candidates for making protein drugs. |
小题3:The drugs in special chicken eggs can ________.| A．treat lung cancer | B．help reduce headache | | C．change people’s DNA | D．treat multiple sclerosis |
小题4:We can infer from the passage that ________.| A．eating eggs is the best choice for the patients now | | B．scientists changed the chicken’s DNA and put all the drugs in chicken eggs | | C．we may eat special eggs as drugs when we are sick in the future | | D．the drugs produce harmful effects on the chicken’s bodies |
小题5:The best title for the passage is ________.| A．Chicken Eggs to Replace Medicine | B．Chicken Eggs as Drug | | C．Chicken Eggs and Medicine | D．Chicken Eggs and Animal Milk |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了科学家可以对于鸡蛋的蛋白进行DNA改变而制成一种能治疗多发性硬化和皮肤癌的病，文中给出了为什么选用鸡的蛋白，主要因为鸡很容易喂养，占用空间小，生长快的特点。
小题1:细节理解题。根据Antibiotic cream (抗菌素膏) from a tube can prevent your cuts from becoming infected. 砍伤用抗抗菌素膏防止发炎，故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据chickens are cheaper to take care of, need less room, and grow faster than these other animals.并不是因为鸡肉尝起来好吃，故选C。
小题3:细节理解题。根据The scientists changed the chickens’ DNA so that the birds made these drugs only in their egg whites. 鸡蛋的蛋白进行了DNA改变能够制造这种药治疗多发性硬化，故选D。
小题4:推理判断题。根据This protects the chickens’ bodies from the drugs’ possible harmful effects 可能在未来会给人们带来伤害，故选C。
小题5:标题归纳题。纵观全文可知本文主要叙述了人们吃的蛋白与用它做成的药，故选B。
点评：做推理题干扰选项的特点夸大事实：一是对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理。二是无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理。三是掺入常识：根据考生已有的常识是正确的，但却不是基于文章。四是推理过头：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。知道了这些特点在容易排除干扰项进而做出正确的判断。 |
举一反三
Sea turtles have been on Earth for millions of years, but they may soon die out. The main 1 to them is people who kill them for food, according to Dr. Wallace J. Nichols of the University of California.
But the latest news may 2 turtle hunting: Dr. Nichols has found that sea turtles 3 a lot of pollution from the ocean. This pollution is unhealthy for both turtles and humans. It can cause __4__ damage to their bodies and lead to death. Research shows that many people get sick and even die from eating sea turtle meat.
In the US, most people have never eaten turtle. This is because turtles are 5 by the United States law, which makes it 6 to harm or kill these amazing animals. “But many people in other countries still eat them,” explains Nichols. “Our first 7 was to save turtles; now we must save 8 too.”
Davis said he also wants to send out a bigger 9 that we should protect the oceans. “The health of the ocean, animals in the ocean, and our own health are all 10 . A clean ocean is really good for us too because of the food we eat from there.”
| 小题1: | | A．doubt | B．stream | C．danger | D．worry |
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| 小题2: | | A．accelerate | B．slow | C．improve | D．change |
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| 小题3: | | A．cause | B．expand | C．absorb | D．reduce |
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| 小题4: | | A．accidental | B．occasional | C．unknown | D．serious |
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| 小题5: | | A．qualified | B．protected | C．restricted | D．produced |
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| 小题6: | | A．impossible | B．difficult | C．illegal | D．abnormal |
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| 小题7: | | A．goal | B．impression | C．difficulty | D．cost |
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| 小题8: | | A．Earth | B．ocean | C．people | D．animals |
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| 小题9: | | A．advertisement | B．message | C．sign | D．problem |
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| 小题10: | | A．concerned | B．disturbed | C．developed | D．connected |
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The way we get about has a deep influence on the way we live－affecting where we set up home, work and holiday. So what changes might come in the way we get around? What big ideas are out there, and do they have any chance of coming true?
Personal Air Travel
The idea: flying cars
Developments in light small plane technology will make it possible for everyone to own what are, in fact, flying cars. They will have closed cabins, heating, stereos and room for two people.
You will take off from a field near your home and fly to towns and cities. After landing, you will take off the fixed wing and continue your journey by road just as if you were traveling by car.
Fuel efficient engines and the advantage of being able to travel in the sky will keep costs and the environmental influence down.
Flying for Fun
The idea: Jet Packs
The idea was a hit when a stuntman (特技演员) flew around on one during the opening ceremony of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, which was very successful.
You’ll be able to use the equipment－roughly the size of two scuba tanks fastened to your back－for short journeys.
They will be handy for cleaning hard-to-reach windows, arriving in style at a party and shopping.
Taxis
The idea: driverless taxis
These computer-controlled taxis will take you wherever you want along a fixed route, whenever you want to go.
For the price of one person’s bus fare, several people can ride at speeds of up to 25 mph, and there will be fences to guard against accidents.
There will be little, if any, wait for the use of the taxis, which will leave from stations and will be used by prepaid cards.
The taxis, which will travel on a 1.5 m-wide track, will use 75% less energy per passenger than a car and 50% less than a bus.
小题1:The passage is mainly about ________.| A．future travel | B．big ideas and dreams | | C．advanced technology | D．the influence of travel |
小题2:We learn from the passage that flying cars ________.| A．will operate only in the sky | | B．will be more expensive than common cars | | C．will have few bad effects on the environment | | D．won’t be equipped with things similar to what cars have |
小题3: With Jet Packs, we can do all the following EXCEPT ________.| A．attend a party | B．clean high windows | | C．go shopping | D．have a long journey |
小题4:As for driverless taxis, we can infer that ________.| A．we can go wherever we want in them | | B．they will be both convenient and safe | | C．it costs more to take them than to take ordinary cars | | D．they will be operated by computers as well as by people |
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Teenagers at one German school are learning how to achieve happiness alongside other traditional 35 such as maths and languages.
The class sits in a circle with their eyes shut and they count from one to ten: someone starts, the 36 voice comes from the far right, a third from the other side.
The aim of the game is to 37 for an opportunity to shout out the 38 without clashing (相撞) with another voice or leaving a pause. On the first try, 39 of the young Germans try to be first, while a few are too shy to join in. But by the fifth 40 , they develop a rhythm (节奏) . The message gives other people space but also claims your own. This is a requirement for social well-being.
Unlike schools in other nations, German schools do not usually have school sports teams or seek to build school spirit. Many teens admit they are 41 and confused, but school is not usually the place to find relief.
The Willy Hellpach School in Heidelberg is the first in the nation to develop a happiness 42 It is 43 for 17-19years old students to prepare for university entrance exams. "The course isn"t there to make you happy," Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school principal, warned pupils, " 44 rather to help you discover the ways to become happy. "
Cooking a meal together will be one of the class 45 , along with improving body language under the 46 of two professional actresses.
The course is taught for three periods a week. Despite the happy subject, the pupils themselves insist it is no laughing matter.
"In the first period, we had to each say something 47 about another member of the class and about ourselves. No laughing at people or teasing," said Fanny, 17.
The message is that self-esteem (自尊) improves 48 too.
Research by the school shows it is not the first to start happiness classes and they also exist at some US universities, but are mainly based on positive thinking, using 49 from studies of depression.
"That would be too one-sided for us. We want to show how decent (好的) food or exercise can help too," the principal said.
| 小题1: | | A．subjects | B．objects | C．customs | D．habits |
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| 小题2: | | A．sweet | B．next | C．last | D．loud |
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| 小题3: | | A．look | B．see | C．find | D．listen |
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| 小题4: | | A．name | B．person | C．number | D．treasure |
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| 小题6: | | A．round | B．limit | C．sheet | D．zone |
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| 小题7: | | A．happy | B．lonely | C．curious | D．pleased |
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| 小题8: | | A．movement | B．class | C．course | D．approach |
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| 小题9: | | A．intended | B．made | C．managed | D．applied |
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| 小题11: | | A．tests | B．exams | C．exercises | D．homework |
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| 小题12: | | A．guidance | B．lookout | C．permission | D．cooperation |
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| 小题13: | | A．backward | B．positive | C．negative | D．rude |
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| 小题14: | | A．atmosphere | B．achievement | C．happiness | D．score |
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| 小题15: | | A．inspections | B．instructions | C．motives | D．findings |
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In the past, man did not have to think about protection of the environment. There were very few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be unlimited.
Today things are different. The world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on the earth will not survive.
Everyone realizes today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet, with modern fishing methods, more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down, forests will disappear and nothing will grow on land. Yet, we continue to use more powerful machines to cut down more and more trees.
We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. However, in most countries waste is still put into rivers, but there are few laws to stop this.
We also know that if the population of the countries in the world is to rise at the present rate in a few years, there will not be enough food.
What can we do to solve these problems?
If we eat more vegetables and less meat, there will be more food available for everyone. Land that is used to grow crops can feed five times more people than land where animals are kept.
Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycle them.
The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth control.
Finally, if all of us think about the problem, we will have a better and cleaner planet in the future.
小题1:This passage mainly tells us about ______.| A．the problems we are facing today about environment and the ways to solve them | | B．the unlimited natural resources in the world | | C．our rivers are being polluted by waste from factories | | D．the ways early man protected the environment |
小题2: Which of the following is NOT true?| A．If we eat more vegetables, more food can be saved. | | B．In the past, there was no need for people to think about environmental protection. | | C．If we keep on cutting trees, forests will disappear. | | D．We shouldn’t take more and more fish out of the sea, or there will soon be no fish left. |
小题3:What is implied (暗示) in the passage?| A．Man is cleverer than any other animal. | | B．Man will destroy himself if he doesn’t solve the problem. | | C．Modern fishing methods are helpful in our fishing industry. | | D．We should make more laws in order to survive. |
小题4:From the passage we can see that the world’s natural resources ______.| A．will never be used up | B．are being polluted | | C．are as plentiful as in the past | D．are being used up very quickly |
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When the scandal (丑闻) first broke, it was believed that only a few pictures had been taken of one pupil, Blake Robbins. But court papers released this week showed that thousands of images were taken of Robbins and other students.
Robbins and his parents have filed an action against the school district. Court papers from the Robbins’s lawyers said that at first it was thought that the laptops’ technology had produced a few images but they found more than 400 of Robbins, including images “showing him partially undressed and sleeping”.
Robbins said he did not know why the spying device was activated (激活) as his laptop had not been reported stolen or missing. Other students whose pictures were taken said their laptops had not been reported stolen or missing either.
An administrator at the school, one of the few with authority to track the laptops, remained silent, refusing to answer questions.
The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that 38,500 of the images came from six laptops that had been reported missing from the Harriton gym in September 2008. These apparently helped the police catch a suspect. Another set of images were from cameras in laptops which employees responsible for tracking failed or forgot to turn off.
The court papers, filed by Robbins’ lawyers, said that the technology was activated between 20 October and 4 November last year, with most of the 400 shots of him while he was in his home, and included his family. “There were additional webcam pictures and screen shots taken of Blake Robbins which, up to now, have not been recovered because the evidence was deleted by the IT department,” the court papers say.
One of Robbins’ lawyers is trying to obtain access to the administrator’s home computer to confirm whether she downloaded any of the pictures. The court papers indicate she may be a voyeur (窥隐私者) though it has not been proved.
小题1:We can learn from the passage that _________.| A．Robbins’ parents remained calm over the scandal | | B．Robbins had his laptop stolen before the scandal | | C．the laptops’ technology produced some images | | D．the private rights of the students were offended |
小题2:What did The Philadelphia Inquirer say about the case?| A．The police had found some evidence. | | B．Most of the laptops in Harriton gym were missing. | | C．Employees in charge of tracking deliberately left the laptops on. | | D．There was obviously more than one suspect related to the case. |
小题3:According to the court papers, the administrator _________.| A．may have spied her students on purpose | | B．may have broken into Robbin’s house | | C．has downloaded many students’ pictures | | D．has removed evidence from computers |
小题4: What does the passage mainly talk about?| A．Modern technology has negative effects on our lives. | | B．Students in Philadelphia are accustomed to being spied on secretly. | | C．A Philadelphia school is charged with spying students through laptop cameras. | | D．The American government should take measures to improve teachers’ qualities. |
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