Almost everyone wants to get smarter. We struggle to improve our 36_ , intellig
题型：不详难度：来源：
Almost everyone wants to get smarter. We struggle to improve our 36_ , intelligence and attention. We drink cup after cup of coffee to help us 37_ the day.
38 __, a new study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science warns that there are 39___ to how smart humans can get.
Each of our body parts develops in a certain way for a reason. 40 _, we are not 3 meters tall 41 _ most people’s hearts are not strong enough to send 42 _ up that high. Scientists say that our thinking ability works in the same way. A baby’s brain size is limited by a series of __43 , such as the size of the mother’s pelvis (骨盆). If our brains developed to be bigger, there could be more 44 during childbirth.
The study of Jews, who have an average IQ much _ 45_ than other Europeans, showed they were more _46_ to develop diseases of the _47_ system. This might be because of their increased brainpower.
If intelligence cannot be improved, can we at least get better at _ 48 _ ? Not really, say scientists. They studied _49_ like caffeine (咖啡因)that improve attention. They found the drugs only helped people with serious 50 _ problems. For those who did not have trouble paying attention, the drugs could have the 51 _ effect. Scientists say that this suggests there is a(n) 52 limit to how much people can or should concentrate.
Our memory is also a “double-edged sword”. People with extremely good memories could 53__ having a difficult life because they cannot _54 bad things that happen to them.
Thomas Hills, one of the authors of the paper, said that 55 all the problems in trying to get smarter, it’s unlikely that there will ever be a “super mind”.
| 小题1: | | A．ability | B．character | C．memory | D．emotion |
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| 小题2: | | A．go through | B．put through | C．get through | D．carry through |
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| 小题3: | | A．Though | B．Therefore | C．However | D．Meanwhile |
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| 小题4: | | A．standards | B．measures | C．ranges | D．limits |
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| 小题5: | | A．At first | B．In addition | C．For example | D．Above all |
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| 小题6: | | A．until | B．because | C．before | D．so that |
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| 小题7: | | A．blood | B．information | C．breath | D．strength |
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| 小题8: | | A．factors | B．reasons | C．aspects | D．effects |
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| 小题9: | | A．chances | B．deaths | C．choices | D．lives |
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| 小题10: | | A．smarter | B．better | C．lower | D．higher |
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| 小题11: | | A．likely | B．possible | C．probable | D．sure |
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| 小题12: | | A．physical | B．bodily | C．personal | D．nervous |
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| 小题13: | | A．exercising | B．concentrating | C．memorizing | D．thinking |
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| 小题14: | | A．poisons | B．drinks | C．plants | D．drugs |
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| 小题15: | | A．attention | B．family | C．health | D．living |
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| 小题16: | | A．same | B．opposite | C．different | D．similar |
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| 小题17: | | A．lower | B．smaller | C．upper | D．higher |
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| 小题18: | | A．end up | B．make up | C．start up | D．come up |
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| 小题19: | | A．forget | B．remember | C．perform | D．share |
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| 小题20: | | A．supposing | B．concerning | C．considering | D．regarding |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:C
小题6:B
小题7:A
小题8:A
小题9:B
小题10:D
小题11:A
小题12:D
小题13:B
小题14:D
小题15:A
小题16:B
小题17:C
小题18:A
小题19:A
小题20:C |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍一项新的研究表明人的聪明是有限度的，作者通过举例说明了原因。还有人的注意力也是有上限的，而且好的智力和记忆力是一把双刃剑。
小题1:考查名词：A.ability能力，B. character性格，C. memory记忆D. emotion情感，我们努力提高记忆力，智力和注意力。选C
小题2:考查词组：A.go through经历，B. put through实行，完成，使经历，接通（电话）C. get through通过，完成，克服，接通，D. carry through帮助…渡过难关，我们一杯咖啡一杯咖啡的喝来帮助我们度过一天。选C
小题3:考查副词：A. Though虽然B. Therefore 因此，C. However然而，D. Meanwhile同时，然而，一项新的研究表明人的聪明是有限度的。选C
小题4:考查名词：A.standards标准，B. measures措施，C. ranges范围，D. limits限制，解析同上。选D
小题5:考查词组：A.At first首先，B. In addition此外C. For example例如，D. Above all首要的是，后面是对前面一句话的举例说明。选C
小题6:考查连词：A.until直到，B. because因为C. before在…前面，D. so that因此，我们没有3米高因为心脏不够强壮不能把血液送到那么高。选B
小题7:考查名词：A. blood血液，B information信息，C. breath呼吸，D. strength力量，解析同上。选A
小题8:考查名词：A. factors因素，B. reasons原因C. aspects方面D. effects效果，一个婴儿的大脑的大小因为一定的因素收到限制。选A
小题9:考查名词：A.chances机会，B. deaths死亡，C. choices选择D. lives生命，如果头脑太大，在生产的时候就会有更多的死亡。选B
小题10:考查形容词：A.smarter更聪明的，B. better更好的，C. lower更低的，D. higher更高的，犹太人的平均智商比其他的欧洲人高。选D
小题11:考查形容词：A.likely可能的，B. possible可能的，C. probable可能的，D. sure确定的，ABC中只有likely可以用于Sb/sth is likely to do句型，选A
小题12:考查形容词：A.physical身体的，B. bodily身体的，C. personal个人的，D. nervous神经的，他们更有可能得神经系统的疾病。选D
小题13:考查动词：A.exercising锻炼，B. concentrating集中，C. memorizing记忆，D. thinking思考，从后面的句子：that improve attention.可知是想提高注意力。选B
小题14:考查名词：A. poisons毒药，B. drinks饮料C. plants 植物，D. drugs毒品，药品，我们使用咖啡因这样的药品来提高注意力。选D
小题15:考查名词：A. attention注意力，B. family家庭，C. health健康，D. living生活，他们发现这些药物只对有严重注意力问题的人有帮助。选A
小题16:考查形容词：A.same同样的，B. opposite 相反的，C. different不同的，D. similar相似的，对没有注意力问题的人，这些药物会有相反的影响。选B
小题17:考查形容词：A.lower更低，B. smaller更小，C. upper上层的，D. higher更高，这说明人们的专注力有个上限。选C
小题18:考查词组：A. end up 最终，B. make up弥补，化妆，编造，C. start up开始D. come up提出，记忆力好的人最后会过着痛苦的生活，因为他们不能忘记发生的坏事情。选A
小题19:考查动词：A.forget忘记，B. remember记得C. perform表演D. share分享，解析同上，选A
小题20:考查词义辨析：A.supposing假如，B. concerning关于C. considering 考虑到D. regarding关于，考虑到在变聪明的过程中出现的问题，是不可能有个超级的头脑的。选C
点评：文章介绍一项新的研究表明人的聪明是有限度的，作者通过举例说明了原因。还有人的注意力也是有上限的，而且好的智力和记忆力是一把双刃剑。本文主要是测试学生综合运用语言的能力，即从语篇的角度综合测试阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。考生做题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，不应该只看到所添的词在短语或句子内是否可行。因此，在做题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全文的意思以后再作答。 |
举一反三
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
小题1:The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s ______.| A．sense of hearing. | | B．sense of sight. | | C．sense of touch. | | D．sense of smell. |
小题2:Babies are sensitive to the change in ______.| A．the size of cards. | | B．the colour of pictures. | | C．the shape of patterns. | | D．the number of objects. |
小题3:Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?| A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. | | B．To see how babies recognize sounds. | | C．To carry their experiment further. | | D．To keep the babies’ interest. |
小题4:Where does this text probably come from?| A．Science fiction. | | B．Children’s literature. | | C．An advertisement. | | D．A science report. |
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Last night’s meteor (流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley’s mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
“My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”
Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的) birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”
Countless more animal casualties (伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings. But some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.
小题1:It happened last night that _____.| A．the city’s lights affected the meteor watching | | B．the meteors flew past before being noticed | | C．the city light show attracted many people | | D．the meteor watching ended up a social outing |
小题2:What do the astronomers complain about?| A．Meteor showers occur less often than before. | | B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair. | | C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years. | | D．Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting. |
小题3:What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?| A．Birds may take other migration paths. | | B．Animals’ living habits may change suddenly | | C．Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced | | D．Animals’ survival is threatened by outdoor lighting. |
小题4:Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to _____.| A．lessen the chance of getting cancer | | B．create an ideal observation condition | | C．ensure citizens a good sleep at night | | D．enable all creatures to live in harmony |
小题5:What message does the author most want to give us?| A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves. | | B．Great efforts should be made to save energy. | | C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly. | | D．New equipment should be introduced for space study.. |
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College is a lifetime investment (投资) — the gift of a college education can open the door to a world of opportunity for your child or grandchild. Savings（储蓄）, even not so many at a time, can make a big difference.
With the cost of a college education continuing to rise, the key is to start saving early and regularly. By saving a set amount at set times, your money can grow as your child does. According to the College Board, the average cost for four-year public colleges has increased by nearly 51% over the last 10 years and these costs will almost certainly continue to rise. Saving for college can help with the increasing cost of a college education and help you be well prepared when your child is ready for college.
Saving for your child’s college education is an investment in their future. The savings you make today will pay off in increased earnings in the future. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, college graduates earn an average of $1 million more than high school graduates during their careers. The value of your investment in a college education will continue to grow for a lifetime.
Set your college saving goals realistically. You may not be able to save enough for all four years’ fees, but you could save enough to give your child the right start.
More and more families depend on student loans(贷款) to pay for college. By saving for college, families will have less burden of paying off loans and help their children leave school without worrying about paying off loans.
小题1:From the second paragraph we can learn that_______________.| A．the College Board increased public college costs | | B．public college costs will increase by 51% in the next ten years | | C．it’s not too late to start saving when your child is ready for college | | D．saving can help deal with the rising cost of college education |
小题2:Savings for college education _____________.| A．will increase in the value in the future | B．make one earn a lot | | C．help create good jobs | D．are wise for businessmen to invest |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE about saving for college?| A．You should save to help children get scholarships more easily. | | B．It’s better to increase the savings as the child grows. | | C．It’s better to save early and regularly. | | D．You should set a further and bigger saving goal. |
小题4:Who are the expected readers of the passage?| A．Parents. | B．High school students. | C．Educators | D．Bankers. |
小题5:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?| A．When to Save for Children’s College Costs | | B．How to Make a Good Investment | | C．Why We Should Save for Children’s College Costs | | D．How Much Four-Year College Costs |
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There are quite a few advantages of wearing school uniforms. The idea may seem disagreeable at first, but considering all the positive effective coming from wearing uniforms you would be more likely to enjoy them.
Teachers love school uniforms because it helps provide an orderly learning environment. Having students dressed in uniforms may teach them how to present themselves in a neat（整洁的）and professional manner. It gives students the opportunity to learn how to dress like young ladies and gentleman. And they can focus their attention on academics rather than style.
Purchasing school uniforms is easy and needs less hesitation(犹豫) and consideration. No matter what the school’ s policy is, there are only specific essential(基本的) pieces to the wardrobe（服装） that are necessary, so it won’t break the bank. A few wardrobe items can last a long time. Parents could also enjoy an easy morning, as it will take less time to choose a set of clothes for the school day.
Students wearing uniforms will feel less pressure about what to wear or not to wear when their classmates are dressed similarly. Getting dressed before school becomes less of a chore when students are limited in their choices, so there shouldn’t be any trouble about choosing an outfit for the day and getting ready quickly. Some students may not like the lack of individuality(个性) with a uniform, but some school dress code policies may offer them the opportunities to show their unique styles.
Uniforms today are also becoming trendier and can be seen in many areas of pop culture. Celebrities and fashion designers are using uniforms as inspiration for new looks which also appeal to students.
小题1:What would be the best title for the text?| A．How to dress properly. | | B．The history of school uniforms. | | C．The advantages of school uniforms. | | D．How to deal with pressure in school. |
小题2:Teachers think that wearing school uniforms ________________.| A．is just a tradition that students should follow | | B．makes students feel less pressure in study | | C．helps students put more effort into their studies | | D．makes students lose their independence and identity |
小题3:The underlined part “it won’t break the bank” in Paragraph 3 probably means “___________”.| A．a school uniform doesn’t cost a lot of money | | B．a school uniform should be worn every day | | C．parents will have to go to the bank many times | | D．parents who work in a bank can afford the uniform |
小题4:We can infer from the text that school uniforms _________.| A．are not popular with fashion designers | | B．were not accepted by parents in the past | | C．will be designed by students themselves | | D．will be more fashionable in the future |
小题5:The author’s attitude towards students’ wearing school uniforms is ___________.| A．negative | B．supportive | C．doubtful | D．unclear |
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Ever since man began to use the telephone, there have been new problems arising from the carrying of messages. At first, each message was carried by a pair of overhead wires. As a result, telephone exchanges were soon surrounded by thousands of wires. The wires were then replaced by cables (电缆)，each containing many pairs of wires. Each cable is capable of carrying many messages. These cables, laid underground, replaced the overhead wires.
The more extensive telephone services have become, the more demand for these services has increased, particularly the demand for long-distance services. In China, for example, this growth is now over 30% every year. Long-distance telephone exchanges are usually in crowded cities, where is not easy to lay new labels for expanding services.
The use of radio to send telephone message and to link all telephone exchanges makes it possible to get rid of overhead wires and some underground cables.
Now man has invented the microwave system ( 微波系统 ). In a microwave system messages from various places can be brought together, and then they are sent out and received by radio. After that, the messages are split into their original form. Finally, they are sent to the places where they are going to be sent.
小题1:The word “message” ( in paragraph 1) is close in meaning to “______”.| A．electricity | B．industry | C．information | D．wave |
小题2:A cable is different from an overhead wire, because it ________.| A．is made of wood | | B．needs more exchange | | C．carries more messages | | D．is much longer |
小题3:What does the word extensive mean？| A．growing | B．using | C．holding | D．understanding |
小题4:The best title for the passage would be “________”.| A．The Telephone and Its Past | | B．From the Wire to the Microwave System | | C．The Needs for Better Telephones | | D．How to Use the Telephone |
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