Where on Earth are you? Navigators (导航员) use lines of latitude and lines of long

Where on Earth are you? Navigators (导航员) use lines of latitude and lines of long

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Where on Earth are you? Navigators (导航员) use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. On a map or globe, these lines appear as running sideways or horizontally. Lines of longitude run north and south around Earth. These lines go up and down or vertically on a map or globe. These lines create an imaginary graph paper on the Earth. They make it possible to find an absolute, or exact, location on Earth. They even allow us to give an absolute location to a place out in the middle of the ocean.
Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. Sailors have used primitive navigation tools, like astrolabes, since ancient times. The astrolabe uses the sun and stars to find an approximate location. Using such tools, they have been able to approximate their distance from the equator. Although their instruments may not have been the high quality we have now, they were incredibly accurate (精确) for their time.
Lines of longitude tell us how far east or west of the prime meridian (本初子午线) we are. Sailors constantly looked for new ways to increase their navigation skills. Still, it wasn’t until the 18th century that they were able to measure degrees of longitude. They would have been very envious of the technology available to us today.
When we use lines of latitude and longitude together, we can get a very precise location. If we want to identify the absolute location of a point, we look where the latitude and longitude lines cross nearest to that point. We use the coordinates (坐标) for that point as its address. Many maps today include degrees of latitude and longitude.
小题1:______ make it possible for people to find an exact place on Earth.
A.LatitudesB.LongitudesC.NavigatorsD.Sailors
小题2:The second paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A.the function of latitudeB.the use of the equator
C.the invention of astrolabeD.the high quality instruments
小题3: Why do maps include degrees of latitude and longitude?
A.To help trade expeditions.B.To locate a precise place.
C.To cross the lines of the nearest point.D.To identify how far a place is.
小题4:The best title for this passage is ____________.
A.The map and the globeB.Latitude and longitude
C.The equator and the prime meridianD.Absolute coordinates

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:B
解析

试题分析:文章介绍什么是经度和纬度,通过经度和纬度可以准确的找到地球上的位置。
小题1:细节题:从第一段的句子:Navigators (导航员) use lines of latitude and lines of longitude to locate places. Lines of latitude run east and west around Earth. 可知是导航员人们知道自己的位置。选C
小题2:段落大意题:从第二段的句子:Lines of latitude tell us how far north or south of the Equator we are. 可知这段讲的是纬度的功能。选A
小题3:细节题:从最后一段的句子:When we use lines of latitude and longitude together, we can get a very precise location.可知使用经度和纬度可以准确的定位。选B
小题4:主旨题:文章介绍什么是经度和纬度,它们的作用。是围绕经度和纬度展开的。选B
点评:本文考查细节题为主,细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或是其变体。搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。
举一反三
The oldest and most common source(来源) of renewaBle energy known to man, Biomass is one of the most important forms energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Since such a wide variety of Biomass materials is everywhere ---- from trees and grasses to agricultural and city ---- life wastes ----Biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.
According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS), Biomass is a kind of renewaBle energy source that produces no carBon dioxide(二氧化碳), Because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is Burned, it gives off the sun’s energy. In this way, Biomass serves as a sort of natural Battery(电池) for storing the sun’s energy. As long as Biomass is produced continuously ----with only as much grown as is used--- the “Battery” lasts forever.
According to the Energy Information Administration, Biomass has Been one of the leading renewaBle energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007, making up Between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nation’s total electricity supply. In 2008----although the numBers aren’t all in yet----wind power proBaBly took over first place Because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.
Producing power from Biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carBon dioxide each year. Some homeowners also try to make their own heat By using Biomass materials. Such practice may save homeowner’s money, But it also produces a lot of pollution. So, the Best way is to encourage power plants to use it.
小题1:Why is Biomass considered as “ a sort of natural Battery”?
A.It Burns merely plant matter.B.It keeps producing electricity.
C.It stores the energy from the sun.D.It produces zero carBon dioxide.
小题2:We learn from the text that in 2008 ______.
A.Wind power would Be the leader of renewaBle energy.
B.there was a rapid growth of electricity production
C.Biomass might Become the main energy source
D.0.5~0.9 of power supply came from Biomass
小题3:Why does the author encourage power plants to use Biomass?
A.To prevent the waste of energy.B.To increase production safety.
C.To reduce pollution.D.To save money.
小题4:Where does the text proBaBly come from?
A.A research plan.B.A science magazine
C.A Book review.D.A Business report.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Multitasking
People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (寻求刺激) or imperative (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused   toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation-seeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
小题1: The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask       .
A.seek high productivity constantly
B.prefer handling different things when getting bored
C.are more focused when doing many things at a time
D.have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time
小题2:When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they          .
A.assessed the multitasking ability of the students
B.evaluated the academic achievements of the students
C.analyzed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasks
D.measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability
小题3:According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their        _.
A.limited power in calculationB.interests in doing things differently
C.inability to concentrate on one task D.impulsive desire to try new things
小题4: From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually____ .
A.drive very skillfully
B.go in for different tasks
C.fail to react quickly to potential dangers
D.refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger , but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺). Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too In the United States , a family of four can use 1. 5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full 。Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
小题1:Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?
A.Using river water.B.Throwing batteries away.
C.Paving parking lots.D.Throwing rubbish into lakes.
小题2:What can be inferred from the text?
A.All water shortages are due to human behavior.
B.It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.
C.There is much we can do to reduce family size.
D.The average family in America makes proper use of water.
小题3:The last paragraph is intended to             .
A.show us how to fix leaks at home
B.tell us how to run a dishwasher
C.prove what drinking glass is best for us
D.suggest what we do to save water at home
小题4:The text is mainly about          .
A.Why paving roads reduces our water
B.how much we depend on water to live
C.why droughts occur more in dry climates
D.how human activity affects our water supply

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.
The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬)built into a street lamp.” he said.
The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360°motion sensor on the biberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
小题1:For what purpose did Belyacv create the lampbrella?
A.To predict a heavy rain B.To check the weather forecast
C.To protect people from the rain D.To remind people to take an umbrella
小题2:What do we know from Belyacv’s words in Paragraph2?
A.His creation was inspired by an experience
B.it rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg
C.Street lamps are protected by canopies
D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain
小题3:Which of the following show how the lampbrella works?
A.motor→canopy→sensors B.Sensors→motor→canopy
C.motor→sensors→canopyD.canopy→motor→sensors
小题4:What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?
A.Its moving speed B.Its appearance
C.Its installation D.Its safety
小题5:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.The designer will open a company to promote his product
B.The lampbrella could be put into immediate production
C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical
D.The lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案


If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
小题1:Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?
A.A twisted body.
B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.
D.A drop in blood pressure.
小题2:The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see ______.
A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
小题3:Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 ______.
A.confirmed his assumptionB.speeded up his research process
C.disagreed with his assumptionD.changed his research objectives
小题4:Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______.
A.failed to evolve an anti-decompression means
B.gradually developed measures against the bends
C.died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D.evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it

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