My son loves video games very much. He spends hours every day playing video game
题型：不详难度：来源：
My son loves video games very much. He spends hours every day playing video games in his room. Is there any redeeming（补偿的）educational value to video games? Some seem like they could help him learn strategy. But I worry others may be too violent or numb（使麻木）his mind.
Cecilia
Some games may improve kids’ hand-eye coordination and problem-solving skills. Games that require kids to actually move or manipulate（操纵）the game through their own physical movement can even get sedentary kids moving, though not as much as they could if they actually played outside or participated in sports or other outdoor acuities. Others, though, don’t have such benefits, and violent video games have been shown that they might increase kid’s aggressive behavior.
Like a lot of aspects of raising kids, when it comes to video games, the healthiest approach is actually self-control.
The American academy of Pediatrics(AAP) recommends that kids should spend no more than 2 hours each day on screen time, including watching TV or movies, or playing computer or video games. So consider setting limits at least that strict to keep game playing from affecting their schoolwork, household responsibilities, and the physical activity your son needs very day.
Make sure that he’s playing games which are suitable for his age group. All video games are rated and labeled by the Entertainment Software Rating Board. Steer clear of（避开）any rated “M” for mature. Those are for ages 17 and older and can contain heavy-duty violence, strong language, and sexual content.
Try to keep the video game console（游戏机控制板）in a common area of the house, not your son’s room. That way you can catch any inappropriate content in the games he’s playing, and he’ll be in a position to interact with others in the house while he’s playing.
Make sure your son has appealing alternatives, too, such as sports, activities, opportunities to socialize with peers; and downtime to be creative. If you continue to have concerns about his video game activity, talk with your doctor.
Reviewed by：Mary L. Gavin, MD
小题1:What is the opinion of Mary L. Gavin about playing video games?| A．Whether it’s beneficial or harmful depends on what the video games are. | | B．It always improves kids’ hand-eye coordination and problem-solving skills. | | C．It will make kids more violent and increase their aggressive behavior. | | D．Kids should give it up and put their hearts fully into their schoolwork. |
小题2:The underlined word “sedentary” in the first paragraph of the answer letter is the nearest in meaning to “______”.| A．unhealthy | B．lively | C．bright | D．inactive |
小题3:According to Mary L. Gavin, which of the following is encouraged to do by parents?| A．Keep the video game console out of their house. | | B．Allow their children to play only such video games as rated “M” | | C．Let kids play video games as much as possible if it doesn’t affect their lessons. | | D．Help their children develop other healthy hobbies such as sports and painting. |
小题4:Which is the best title of this passage?| A．Should children play video games? | | B．Kids’ playing video games is harmful. | | C．Is playing video games good for kids? | | D．Help children choose video games. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：文章是一封担忧的父亲写的信，关于电脑游戏对孩子是不是有好处的疑虑，下面是专家的回信，专家认为电脑游戏的优点和缺点在于是什么游戏。建议父母鼓励孩子培养健康的习惯。
小题1:归纳题：从文章第二段的内容：可知Mary L. Gavin认为电脑游戏的优点和缺点在于是什么游戏。选A
小题2:猜词题：从这句话里面的词组：get…moving，使…动起来，可知是“不积极的孩子”选D
小题3:细节题：从文章的最后一段的句子：Make sure your son has appealing alternatives, too, such as sports, activities, opportunities to socialize with peers; and downtime to be creative.可知Mary L. Gavin建议父母鼓励孩子培养健康的习惯，如运动和绘画。选D
小题4:主旨题：从文章第一段的句子：Some seem like they could help him learn strategy. But I worry others may be too violent or numb（使麻木）his mind.可知这篇文章讲的是电脑游戏对孩子好吗？选C。
点评：文章是一封担忧的父亲写的信，关于电脑游戏对孩子是不是有好处的疑虑，下面是专家的回信，专家认为电脑游戏的优点和缺点在于是什么游戏。建议父母鼓励孩子培养健康的习惯。要求考生能根据上下文的语义串联和题目的具体要求，做出适当的延伸和推理。主要考查考生把握全文内容或理解文章中心思想的能力以及分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和写作特点等方面的能力。文章的主旨大意明确了，难的试题也会迎刃而解。 |
举一反三
For some reason, it takes constant reminders that we primates（灵长目）need nurturing.
In a recent study of 46 baby chimpanzee（黑猩猩）orphans, Kim Bard of the University of Portsmouth in England and her colleagues demonstrated that primate babies that have tight relationships with mother figures do much better on cognitive（认知）tests than babies who receive only food, shelter, and friendship with peers. But this is not breaking mews. In fact, it’s old news.
In the 1950s, Harry Harlow conducted a series of experiments with baby monkeys that showed, without doubt, that lack of love and comfort makes for a crazy monkey.
Harlow constructed a cage that included a wire monkey “mother” topped with a plastic face. In this wire he fixed Mom with a milk bottle. The cage also held another wire mother covered with terry cloth. The baby monkeys spent all their time with the cloth mother and only went to the wire mother to feed, demonstrating that a soft touch beat something to eat any day.
Harlow’s monkey work was important because, at the time, child care “experts” and everybody’s grandmother had a “no touch, no comfort” policy toward children. They advised parents not to respond to crying babies, felt babies should sleep alone to grow up independent, and for God’s sake put those kids down. But Harlow’s work changed all that. Mothers were soon permitted to have their newborns next to them in the hospital.
The current chimp research based on Harlow’s work shows that mother love not only makes for a psychologically well-adjusted child, but also makes for a smart kid. Bard and her colleagues evaluated the abilities of the chimps when they were 12 months old with standard human tests for children of that age, tests that ask little kids to imitate some action.
The highly raised chimps did better than the ones that were not loved, and what do you know, the well-raised chimps did even better than human kids on this small IQ test.
So we hear it once again. We are primates, social animals which need care and love. We need to be held and talked to and made to feel that at least one person wants to be with us all the time. And if we get that kind of connection, we are sure to be fine, even better than fine.
小题1:The study Kim Bard and his colleagues did ______.| A．included 46 baby and mother monkeys | | B．was nothing new to people about the findings | | C．showed that many chimpanzees lacked love when they were young | | D．showed that many chimpanzees had good relationships with their mothers |
小题2:Why was Harlow’s monkey work important?| A．Because the “no touch, no comfort” policy toward children was quite right. | | B．Because parents were advised not to respond to babies’ crying. | | C．Because Harlow’s work changed people’s former belief in child care. | | D．Because mothers were not allowed to have their newborns next to them in the hospital. |
小题3:Harlow built two “mothers” for baby monkeys to ______.| A．make them live comfortably | B．let them have more choices | | C．give them more love | D．make a comparison |
小题4:Which of the following is TURE according to the text?| A．Well-raised chimps always do even better than human kids. | | B．A 12-month chimps is far cleverer than a child of that age. | | C．The newborns were not allowed to be with their mothers in the past in the hospital. | | D．Constantly touching the baby can make it feel safer. |
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Scientists have transformed men’s minds into a virtual（虚拟的）woman’s body in an experiment that could throw light upon how humans distinguish themselves form others.
In a study at Barcelona University, men wore a virtual reality headset that allowed them to see and hear the world as a female character. When they looked down, they could even see their new body and clothes.
The “body－swapping” effect was so convincing that the men’s sense of self was transferred into the virtual woman, causing them to react to events in the virtual world they were immersed（沉浸）. “This work opens up another avenue for virtual reality, which is not just to transform your sense of place, but also your sense of self,” said Mel Slater, “If you can temporarily give people the illusion that their bodies are different, then the evidence suggests it also affects their behavior and the way they think. They can have new experiences: a person who is thin can know what it is like to be fat. A man can have an experience of what it’s like to be a woman.”
During the experiment, a “female” approached and hit the face of the character another man was playing. “Their reaction was immediate,” said Slate. “They would take in a quick breath and maybe flinch（退缩）. The more people reported being in the girl’s body, the stronger physical reaction they had.” But in all cases, the feeling was temporary and lasted only as long as the study.
The study shows that our minds have a very fluid picture of our bodies. The research is expected to shed light on the puzzle of how our brain tells the difference between a part of our own body and something else in the wider world. Thus the work might improve the conditions for those who have experienced strokes by placing them in a world that helps them to use their bodies to the full again.
小题1:How can a man’s mind get into a woman’s body?| A．by distinguishing themselves from women | | B．by taking part in an activity actively | | C．by wearing a special device（设备） | | D．by transforming his sense of place |
小题2:Of the following statements, which we can’t infer from the passage?| A．Men in the experiment can temporarily have the wrong feeling that they are women. | | B．When hit, the men in the virtual world will react angrily to it. | | C．As soon as the experiment is finished, the men will return to the normal state | | D．Probably, this study can be applied to medical fields and benefit humans. |
小题3:What is the author’s intention of writing this passage?| A．to introduce an interesting and advanced study | | B．to inform us of the latest development of virtual reality | | C．to illustrate the importance of virtual reality | | D．to build up our confidence to fight stroke |
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An astronomer is making a case for launching pop singer Justin Bieber into suborbital（亚轨道的）space aboard a private rocket ship. The idea is not to rid the world of the Canadian teenager — he would come back down to Earth eventually, after all — but rather to help jump-start the emerging suborbital spaceflight industry.
It would generate a lot of public interest, which would help commercial spaceflight pick up some much-needed momentum, said Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in Mountain View, California. “If there’s more interest, there are more customers. If there are more customers, there"s more technical development. It"s a positive feedback loop, and obviously that"s good.”
Such missions would return to Earth without completing a full lap around the planet. Instead, the flights would hit the edge of space about 62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth, experience a few minutes of weightlessness, then re-enter the atmosphere and land back at a spaceport.
None of these firms are ready to fly customers yet, but some are getting close. For instance, Virgin Galactic hopes to begin powered test flights of its SpaceShipTwo vehicle later this year, with commercial operations perhaps beginning in 2013 or 2014. It is SpaceShipTwo that reportedly grabbed the attention of Beyonce and Jay-Z.
Virgin Galactic has collected deposits from nearly 500 customers willing to pay $200,000 for a ride aboard SpaceShipTwo, and both Virgin and XCOR have inked deals to fly scientists and their experiments on research flights. So a suborbital market already exists — but Shostak is thinking about ways to make it grow.
A celebrity launch isn"t Shostak’s only idea. Suborbital firms should also promote their activities aggressively via social media, Shostak said, and they should make sure their spaceships are bristling（充满）with cameras both inside and out, to give the public dramatic views of every mission.
Some observers view commercial suborbital spaceflight as a potentially transformative industry, saying it could serve as a stepping stone to the exploration and exploitation of space on an unprecedented scale. While the industry’s success is far from assured, Shostak offered some reason for optimism: The American public remains keen on space.
小题1:Why may Justin Bieber be sent into suborbital space?| A．To show his bravery and make him a role model for teenagers. | | B．To arouse the American public’s interest. | | C．To help reform the spaceflight industry. | | D．To film an advertisement about space. |
小题2:What can we learn about suborbital spaceflight?| A．A trip will return to Earth before finishing a lap. | | B．The whole trip will leave passengers weightless. | | C．Each trip can take 500 passengers. | | D．The trip will be too expensive even for celebrities. |
小题3:What can we infer from the text?| A．SpaceShipTwo will be the first to fly. | | B．Famous people will be the main passengers in the future. | | C．The space trip is still in preparation. | | D．Every space trip will be made into a film. |
小题4:The last paragraph suggests that _________. | A．space is too mysterious to explore | | B．the suborbital market is promising | | C．the spaceflight industry is more successful than people think | | D．developing the industry is risky |
小题5:What is the main purpose of the text?| A．To predict a change in the space market. | | B．To discuss a recent launch. | | C．To introduce the status of the spaceflight industry. | | D．To remove public doubt about the spaceflight industry. |
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Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing when you are happy.
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims (声称) as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same species are welcome. Your house is your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.
If so, you have actually frightened the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting (筑巢) season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.
小题1:Some scientists believe that most of the time bird’s singing is actually ________.| A．an expression of happiness | B． a way of warning | | C．an expression of anger | D． a way of greeting |
小题2:What is a bird’s “territory”?| A．A place where families of other species are not accepted. | | B．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice. | | C．An area for which birds fight against each other. | | D．An area which a bird considers to be its own. |
小题3:Why do birds keep on singing at nesting season?| A．Because they want to invite more friends. | | B．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away. | | C．Because they want to find outsiders around. | | D．Because their singing helps get rid of their fears. |
小题4:How does the writer explain birds’ singing?| A．By comparing birds with human beings. | | B．By reporting experiment results. | | C．By describing birds’ daily life. | | D．By telling a bird’s story. |
小题5:What does the underline word “screaming” in paragraph 4 mean? |
Making friends is a skill like most skills. It improves with practice. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take some action. You must first go where there are people. You won’t make friends staying home alone.
Joining a club or a group, talking with those who like the same things as you do is much easier. Or join someone in some activity.
Many people are nervous when talking to new people. After all meeting strangers means facing the unknown. And it’s human nature to feel a bit uncomfortable about unknown. Most of our fears about dealing with new people comes from doubts about ourselves. We imagine other people are judging us, finding us too tall or too short, too this or too that. But don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself as you are, and try to put the other person at ease. You’ll both feel more comfortable.
Try to act self-confident even if you don’t feel that way. When you enter a room full of strangers, such as a new classroom, walk tall and straight, look directly at other people and smile.
If you see someone you’d like to speak to, say something. Don’t wait for the other person to start a conversation.
Just meeting someone new does not mean that you will make friends with that person—friendship is based on mutual liking and “give and take”. It takes time and effort to develop.
小题1:The best topic of the passage may be ________.| A．Friendship | B．Making friends | C．Meeting New People | D．Facing the Unknown |
小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?| A．Making friends needs practicing. | | B．Making friends needs to be more active in getting in touch with people. | | C．When meeting someone, make him feel nice and easy. | | D．Before making friends with someone, judge him if he’s too this or too that. |
小题3:The development of friendship needs ________.| A．a lot of money | B．lots of conversation | | C．time and effort | D．carefully judging |
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