How to Be a Winner Sir Steven Redgrave Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals “In 19
题型：不详难度：来源：
Sir Steven Redgrave
Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
“In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my career was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it ---the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn"t finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
Karen Pickering
Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success----you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
Kirsten Best
Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological tool”
小题1:What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?
| A．Difficulties influenced his career. |
| B．Specialists offered him medical advice. |
| C．Training helped him defeat his disease. |
| D．He overcame the shadow of illness to win. |
| A．Her training schedule. | B．Her daily happenings. |
| C．Her achievements. | D．Her sports career. |
| A．Ways that help one to focus. |
| B．Words that help one to feel less tense. |
| C．Activities that turn one"s attention away. |
| D．Habits that make it hard for one to relax. |
| A．Self-confidence. | B．Devotion. | C．Hard work. | D．Courage. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
试题分析：小题1:D 段落大意题。根据第一部分中Steven Redgrave 的例子中In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病).说明他是在克服疾病的影响以后又一次获得了成功。故D正确。
小题2:A 细节题。根据第二部分1,2行I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success----you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized.说明本段是关于要严格按照事先的安排来进行训练，以获得成功的故事。故A正确。
小题3:C 推理题。根据Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate中第二句The key is to concentrate中说明关键是要集中注意力，说明distractions都是一些让我注意力分散的事物，故C正确。
小题4:A 细节题。根据三部分中的List what you believe you can achieve和 increases my confidence和I believed in myself. 说明这三个人都很有信心。故A正确。
点评：文章用三个人的例子告诉我们如何成为一个胜利者。主要考查了推理题和细节题，要求考生根据题目要求，准确定位，合理推理。
举一反三
Their study found that theobromine（可可碱）, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
小题1:According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.
| A．cannot be as effective as codeine |
| B．can be harmful to people’s health |
| C．cannot be separated from chocolate |
| D．can be a more effective cure for coughs |
| A．Theobromine. | B．Codeine. | C．Capsaicin. | D．Placebo. |
| A．were patients with bad coughs |
| B．were divided into the three groups |
| C．received standard treatments |
| D．suffered little side effects |
| A．Codeine: A New Medicine |
| B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs |
| C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case |
| D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs |
It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. An experiment with several hundred e-schoolbags will begin in seven cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Dalian, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang. And the e-schoolbags are going to cover all over China if the experiment proves to be successful. In fact, the e-schoolbag should perhaps be called an e-notebook. It is a small hand-held computer for school students.
Heavy schoolbags have long been a serious problem for school students. The average schoolbag of middle school students weighs up to 5 kilos. But the e-schoolbag will change everything. It is much lighter than a usual schoolbag, weighing under 1 kilo.
Also, it is no bigger than a usual book, but it can still hold all the things for study, such as a textbook, a notebook and exercise book. They could be made into chips that are as small as a stamp. The students can read the text page by page on the screen. They can still take notes using a special electronic pen. If they want to know the meaning or the pronunciation of a new word, or even e-mail their teachers, it’s just a press of a button.
In some foreign countries, it is becoming common. But it is hard to tell when people will receive this new form of study. Some say that e-textbooks can be easily broken, some say that it is not good to students’ eyesight to look at the screen for long. But only time will tell.
小题1:The e-schoolbag has many functions EXCEPT ________.
| A．It can pronounce the words. |
| B．It can send e-mail. |
| C．It can be used as a dictionary. |
| D．It can phone somebody. |
| A．is not heavy as before but still large |
| B．is used as an experiment in Tianjin |
| C．is made of metal |
| D．is going to cover China if it proves to be successful |
| A．All the students in China will be required to use this new schoolbag soon. |
| B．All the people think highly of e-textbooks. |
| C．E-notebooks are very convenient to students. |
| D．We will not make notes because the e-notebook can make all by itself. |
| A．An Experiment In China |
| B．Please Change Your Schoolbag |
| C．A New Invention, A New Schoolbag |
| D．Chips |
In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week. That is what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association recommend. They say high schools should provide about four hours of physical activity each week.
Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Just this week, a study reported that life expectancy has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in fatness, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country.
In 2006, a study found that only four percent of primary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E.
Charlene Burgeson , a health expert says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school. Yet many parents today still have bad memories of being chosen last for teams because teachers favored the good athletes in class.
But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training and yoga.
Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation.
小题1: The underlined word “expectancy” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”
| A．quality | B．length | C．exception | D．depth |
| A．Fatness. | B．Smoking |
| C．High blood pressure. | D．Health service |
| A．Physical activities are becoming more and more popular in American schools. |
| B．All the schools provided daily physical education all year for all students. |
| C．Parents think children need physical education for their bad memories. |
| D．Students spent less time on physical education for academic pressure. |
| A．P.E. is the most important subject for all students. |
| B．P.E has changed its goal for some reasons in America. |
| C．It introduces us the present situation of P.E in American schools and its cause. |
| D．P.E can help students improve their academic subjects. |
Johnny is a hacker (黑客). Hackers know how to take information from other computers and put new information in. Using a modem (调制解调器), they join their computers to other computers secretly. School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers. So are the police, for some people even take money from bank computer account (账户) and put it into their own ones. And they never have to leave home to do it! They are called hackers.
小题1:Johnny changed his English grade with the computer in _______.
| A．the classroom | B．the school office |
| C．his own house | D．a bank near his house |
| A．Johnny was good at math |
| B．Johnny loved computers |
| C．Johnny could join one computer to another |
| D．they thought Johnny was not poor in English any longer |
| A．Johnny’s parents. |
| B．School headmasters, teachers and the police. |
| C．The police. |
| D．School headmasters and teachers. |
| A．Information. | B．Grades. |
| C．Computers. | D．Back computer accounts. |
| A．Johnny | B．computers | C．hackers | D．modem |
Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest student should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-Loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes it more fun for everyone. Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others not only yourself.
Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover Earth II someday. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.
Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at Web pages that are good for you. You can use the Web for fun or homework.
66. How did the author construct the passage?
小题1:Which of the following persons can be a top student?
| A．Tom who dyes his hair has good marks. |
| B．John is good at study and easy to accept new ideas. |
| C．Mary is always helping others and never uses the Internet. |
| D．Jack, a caring boy, likes quarreled with his classmates |
| A．make the team stronger | B．work together with others |
| C．be a good friend to others | D．get on well with others |
| A．be top students | B．do more at school |
| C．care for others | D．use the Internet |
| A．tell the truth | B．be open to new ideas |
| C．use the Internet carefully | D．think only other people |
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