Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us.

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Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. ”I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn’t seem to require any explanation.
We’d just finished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.”
But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运).
For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school—one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan’s upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.’s.
Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness. ”I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck’s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.
Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.
小题1:The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to __________.

A．realize our dreams	B．give support to our life
C．smooth away difficulties	D．awake our emotions

小题2:Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?

A．Because they spent much time reading it.

B．Because they had read the novel before.

C．Because they came from a public school.

D．Because they had similar life experiences.

小题3:The girl left the selective high school possibly because__________.

A．she was a literary-minded girl	B．her parents were immigrants
C．she couldn’t fit in with her class	D．her father was then in prison

小题4:To the author’s surprise, the students read the novels__________.

A．creatively

B．passively

C．repeatedly

D．carelessly

小题5:The author writes the passage mainly to__________.

A．introduce classic works of literature

B．advocate teaching literature to touch the heart

C．argue for equality among high school students

D．defend the current testing system

答案

小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:B

解析

这是一篇议论文，内容讲是“老师谈教学生文学阅读的感受”。
小题1:句意猜测题。该句运用了明喻和暗喻的写作手法，将书比作斧子，冰冻的大海意指读者封锁的情感。作者引用这句话旨在告诉学生：一本好书应有助于唤醒读者的情感。
小题2:细节归纳题。根据第三段内容可知，小说“Of Mice and Men”中的悲剧在学生生活中有类似经历，如“kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parentsthemselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods.”因此答案是D。
小题3:细节理解题。根据第四段“…a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school”及“… she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates”可知答案是C。
小题4:细节归纳题。根据第五段“The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view.”“I had never before seen …, nor had I heard…, but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious.”“His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening.”可知答案是A(creatively创造性地)。passively“被动地”；repeatedly“重复地”；carelessly“粗心地”。
小题5:主旨归纳题。纵观全文，文章开头引用Franz Kafka的名言说明文学作品对唤醒学生情感的作用，接着详细介绍在平时教学生文学阅读过程中如何触及学生心灵的。因此答案是B。