Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere c

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Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle.
There are many stages in the water cycle. Rain falls when water vapour in clouds condenses(凝结). Drops of water form and fall to the ground. The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams and rivers. A lot of rain falls into the sea. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground and in the rivers, lakes, and the sea. It changes the liquid water into water vapour. The vapour rises onto the air. Water vapour is normally invisible. On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄雾) above the water. Water vapour also gets into the air from living things. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour from their leaves. People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour. In all these ways the water returns to the air. There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain. The rain falls to earth, and the cycle starts again. It continues even if snow or hail(冰雹) fall instead because both eventually melt to form water. The amount of water vapour in the air depends on the temperature. The air is more moist(潮湿) in the tropics(热带) than in the cold polar regions.
小题1: What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Water cycle.	B．Water vapour.
C．How rain forms.	D．Water, vapour, rain.

小题2:How many ways of the water returning to the air are discussed in the text?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

小题3:Whether water vapour can be seen or not depends on _______.

A．how much water is evaporated	B．how good your eyes are
C．in which way water is evaporated	D．climate or weather

小题4: From the passage we get to know _______.

A．there is more water vapour in the air in the tropics than in cold polar regions

B．there is more water vapour in the air in cold polar region than in the tropics

C．it gets more rain in the tropics than in cold polar regions because there is less vapour

D．the amount of water vapour in the air depends on how often it rains

答案

小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A

解析

本文阐述了水循环的全过程。
小题1:主旨题。文章第1段，特别是最后一句Meteorologists call this the water cycle. 已点明主题。
小题2:判断题。读完第2段，不难发现水返回空中的方式有3种：第1种是太阳蒸发地面上的水使之变成水蒸气返回空中；第2种是树和植物释放出的水蒸气；第3种是人和动物呼出的水蒸气。
小题3:语义理解题。从第2段第9句话On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄雾) above the water. 可以找到为什么。
小题4:判断题。根据最后一句话The air is more moist(潮湿) in the tropics(热带) than in the cold polar regions 可知答案。

举一反三

"The world"s oceans are slowly getting more acidic,”say scientists. The researchers from California report that the change is taking place in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The lowering of the waters’pH value is not great at the moment but could cause a serious threat to current ocean life if it continues, they warn. Ken Caldeira and Michael Wickett, from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, report their concerns in the journal Nature.
Increasing use of oil fuels means more carbon dioxide is going into the air, and most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater. Once in the water, it reacts to form carbonic acid. Scientists believe that the oceans have already become slightly more acidic over the last century.
These researchers have tried to predict what will happen in the future by combining what we know about the history of the oceans with computer models of climate change．"This level of acidity will get much more extreme in the future if we continue releasing CO2 into the atmosphere," said Dr Caldeira. "And we predict the amount of future acidity will exceed（超过）anything we have seen over the last several hundred million years, let alone perhaps after rare disastrous events such as asteroid（小行星) impacts．”
However, it is not absolutely clear what that means for ocean life．Most organisms live near the surface, where the greatest pH change would be expected to occur, but deep-ocean life forms may be more sensitive to pH changes．Coral reefs and other organisms whose shells contain calcium carbonate（小行星) may be particularly affected if the water"s acidity levels keep going up, the team predict. They could find it much more difficult to build these structures in water with a lower pH.
In recent years some people have suggested storing carbon dioxide from power stations in the deep ocean as a way of dealing with global warming．But Dr Caldeira said that such a strategy should now be re-considered. "Previously, most experts had looked at ocean absorption of carbon dioxide as a good thing-because in releasing CO2 into the atmosphere we warm the planet, and when CO2, is absorbed by the ocean, it reduces the amount of greenhouse warming.”
小题1:According to Dr Caldeira,__________ .

A．ocean absorption of carbon dioxide is a good thing

B．more oil fuels will be used in the near future

C．scientists may predict climate changes with computer models

D．the future situation of the amount of acidity is extremely serious

小题2:f the water"s acidity level keeps rising,_________ .

A．ocean life whose structures contain calcium carbonate may be affected

B．the waters’pH value will become higher and higher

C．organisms living near the surface are more sensitive to pH changes

D．some disastrous events will occur more often than before

小题3:Most experts once believed storing carbon dioxide in the ocean would reduce________ .

A．the CO2 absorbed by the ocean	B．the amount of greenhouse warming
C．the acidity of the ocean	D．the gradual release of CO2

小题4:The purpose of this passage is to_________ .

A．show people the findings of a research team	B．inform people of how acid the ocean is now
C．introduce Dr Caldeira and his team"s research	D．warn people of the higher level of CO2

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Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I would fall apart. I could just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology(人类学) student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed(加压力于) about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.
Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I’m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”
For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.
小题1:What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto?

A．They are students from the same university.

B．They failed in all the examinations.

C．They both had experiences of test anxiety.

D．They both had the same poor studying habits.

小题2:The phrase “blank out” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______.”

A．lose interest in the exam	B．refuse to take the exam
C．get an extra paper	D．be unable to think clearly

小题3:What’s the purpose of some special university student-help courses?

A．To help students to reduce test anxiety.

B．To show a stress level experienced by students.

C．To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.

D．To have a better understanding of test anxiety.

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The average person learns most of the 30 000～40 000 words whose meanings he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious(意识到的) effort. The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks. There are relatively few words that we learn permanently(永久的)by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists. However, even those extra few are of value, and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary. Here are some suggestions of how to do it.
Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can"t, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious(认真的), write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list — preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days.
Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read.
Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words.
If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited(继承) or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000～600 000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German.
小题1:When you meet a new word in reading, what should you do?

A．Guess its meaning.	B．Ask somebody.
C．Look it up in a dictionary.	D．All of the above.

小题2:According to this passage, the best way to build a good vocabulary is _______.

A．to remember a lot	B．to read a great deal
C．to take part in a lot of good talks	D．both B and C

小题3:The phrase “be alert to” in the third paragraph may best be replaced by “_______”.

A．look at	B．pay attention to
C．write down	D．learn by heart

小题4:In the fourth paragraph, the word “them” refers to _______.

A．the parts of words	B．prefixes
C．suffixes	D．roots

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With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.
Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.
“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”
小题1:The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.

A．make efforts to clone the endangered pandas

B．save endangered animals from dying out

C．collect DNA of endangered animals to study

D．transfer the nuclear of one animal to another

小题2:According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.

A．available panda eggs	B．host animals
C．qualified researchers	D．enough money

小题3:The best title for the passage may be _______.

A．China’s Success in Pandas Cloning

B．The First Cloned Panda in the World

C．Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

D．China —the Native Place of Pandas Forever

小题4:From the passage we know that _______.

A．Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog

B．scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbit

C．Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches

D．about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century

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“Sesame Street” has been called “the longest street in the world”. That is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of American’s exports soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969.
In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more than half the nation’s pre-school children, from every kind of economic(经济的), racial(种族的), and geographical group.
Although some educators object to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.
Tests have shown that children from all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have benefited from watching it. Those who watch it five times a week learn more than occasional(偶然的) viewers. In the US the program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly.
The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships. But there are some differences. For example, the Spanish program, produced in Mexico City, devotes more time to teaching whole words than to teaching separate letters.
Why has “Sesame Street” been so much more successful than other children’s shows? Many reasons have been suggested. People mention the educational theories(理论) of its creators, the support by the government and private(私人的) businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch it along with their children. This is partly because famous adult stars often appear on it. But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more.
小题1:“Sesame Street” is actually _______.

A．a street in the US	B．a program for children
C．a program for teachers	D．a program for students

小题2:Children who often watch the program _______.

A．can have problems in school

B．will find it a great help

C．will take no interest in their studies

D．will be well educated

小题3: What is special about the program?

A．It offers great fun.

B．It makes children feel able to learn.

C．It is shown at different hours during the week.

D．Children learn and enjoy themselves while watching.

小题4: Why is “Sesame Street” so popular in the world?

A．Because it is supported by the government and businesses.

B．Because it uses a variety of skillful tricks.

C．Because mothers watch it along with their children.

D．Because it makes every child watching it feel able to learn.

小题5:The best title for this passage can be _______.

A．TV Programs	B．Educating Children
C．Sesame Street	D．A Great Success

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