A wave of recent research has pointed to the risks of over praising a child. And
题型：不详难度：来源：
A wave of recent research has pointed to the risks of over praising a child. And it seems that how to draw a line between too little praise and too much has become a high-pressure _ _act for parents.
Self-esteem (自尊) serves as a kind of tool to measure how much children feel valued and accepted by . This sensitivity to others" develops because of humans" need for social acceptance, which is considered to be to survival. As early as age 8, children"s self-esteem tends to rise and fall in response to feedbacks about peers see them as likable or attractive. , it can also be beneficial for kids to feel bad about themselves occasionally, if they behave in selfish, mean or hurtful ways that might their ability to maintain relationships or hold a job in the future.
In the past, many parents and educators believed that high self-esteem happiness and success, and kids could gain self-esteem simply by getting and awards from their parents, teachers and people around. But recently researchers have found self-esteem doesn"t _ these desired results. Instead, if parents praise their kids , their self-esteem becomes focused on being very smart and being the best and being perfect. Building too much self-esteem of the children can not go as planned, making them feel later on when they hit setbacks (挫折).
According to some experts, it can actually be good for kids to have self-esteem, at least once in a while. And praise can be if it disregards the world outside the home. Children who have a understanding of how they are seen by others tend to get recovered more readily disappointment, depression or the like. The best path is a road, helping children develop a positive but view of themselves in relation to others by praising them for the they invest and behaviors they are able to sustain, like "It"s that you"re working so hard on your homework. "
| 小题1: | | A．balancing | B．crashing | C．forcing | D．embarrassing |
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| 小题2: | | A．themselves | B．parents | C．others | D．teachers |
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| 小题3: | | A．views | B．envies | C．favors | D．blames |
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| 小题4: | | A．irrelevant | B．similar | C．important | D．sensitive |
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| 小题5: | | A．when | B．whether | C．how | D．where |
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| 小题6: | | A．Indeed | B．Otherwise | C．Therefore | D．However |
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| 小题7: | | A．improve | B．damage | C．change | D．develop |
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| 小题8: | | A．promised | B．delayed | C．purchased | D．ruined |
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| 小题9: | | A．support | B．help | C．challenge | D．praise |
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| 小题10: | | A．settle down | B．work out | C．give away | D．bring about |
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| 小题11: | | A．rarely | B．carefully | C．constantly | D．casually |
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| 小题12: | | A．worse | B．stronger | C．better | D．madder |
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| 小题13: | | A．high | B．much | C．low | D．little |
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| 小题14: | | A．powerful | B．harmful | C．grateful | D．stressful |
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| 小题15: | | A．practical | B．limited | C．basic | D．perfect |
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| 小题17: | | A．straight | B．smooth | C．middle | D．rough |
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| 小题18: | | A．general | B．realistic | C．different | D．negative |
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| 小题19: | | A．talent | B．time | C．money | D．effort |
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| 小题20: | | A．necessary | B．awesome | C．worthless | D．awful |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:B
小题6:D
小题7:B
小题8:A
小题9:D
小题10:D
小题11:C
小题12:A
小题13:C
小题14:B
小题15:A
小题16:D
小题17:C
小题18:B
小题19:D
小题20:B |
解析
试题分析：文章阐述过度的表扬反而对孩子没有好处，过度的自尊心让孩子不能客观的认识自己，在遇到挫折的时候，不能尽快恢复，对孩子的评价要积极，但是也要客观。
小题1:考查动词辨析：A. balancing平衡，B. crashing撞击，C. forcing强迫，D. embarrassing尴尬，近来一些研究指出了过分表扬孩子可能带来的种种风险。不过，对于家长而言，要在夸奖得太少与太多之间划清界限，这难度不亚于顶着巨大的压力走高空绳索。选A
小题2:考查反身代词：A. themselves他们自己，B. parents父母，C. others 其他人，D. teachers老师，从下文的：This sensitivity to others" 38 develops because of humans" need for social acceptance,可知自尊心是一种工具可以衡量孩子被别人重视和接受的程度。选C
小题3:考查名词辨析：A. views观点，B. envies嫉妒，C. favors恩惠，D. blames责备，这种对别人的观点的敏感发展是因为人们对社会认可的需求。选A
小题4:考查形容词辨析：A. irrelevant 不相关，B. similar 相似，C. important重要，D. sensitive敏感的，这被认为是对生存很重要的，选C
小题5:考查连词辨析：A. when当…时候，B. whether是否，C. how怎样， D. where哪里，在8岁的时候，孩子的自我认知就会随着同伴是否认为他们可爱或是有魅力这样的反馈而增加或降低。选B
小题6:考查副词辨析：A. Indeed 确实，B. Otherwise否则，C. Therefore因此，D. However然而，然而，偶尔让孩子感觉不好也是有好处的。表示转折关系，选D
小题7:考查动词辨析：A. improve提高，B. damage 破坏，C. change改变，D. develop发展，如果孩子的行为表现出自私、自大或是会伤害到他人──这样的行为有可能影响到他们未来与他人相处或是保住自己工作的能力，选B
小题8:考查动词辨析：A. promised许诺，答应，预示着，B. delayed拖延，C. purchased购买，D. ruined毁了，过去，许多家长和教育者相信，较高的自我认可度预示着将会带来幸福感与成功，选A
小题9:考查动词辨析：A. support支持，B. help帮助，C. challenge挑战，D. praise表扬，而若要孩子实现高度的自我认可，做法很简单，只要给予他们大量的奖励和赞美即可。选D
小题10:考查动词短语辨析： A. settle down定居下来，平静下来，B. work out 计算出，锻炼，结果是，C. give away泄露，赠送，D. bring about引起，导致，带来，不过研究者们后来发现，自我认可并不会带来这些结果。选D
小题11:考查副词辨析：A. rarely 罕见的，B. carefully仔细地，C. constantly不断地，D. casually随意地，如果父母经常表扬孩子，他们的自尊就专注于聪明，最好的，最完美的。选C
小题12:考查形容词辨析：A. worse更糟，B. stronger更强，C. better更好，D. madder更疯狂，让孩子的自我过于膨胀反而有可能起到相反的作用，使他们在未来遭受挫折时感觉更为糟糕。选A
小题13:考查形容词辨析：A. high高，B. much多，C. low低，D. little少，根据一些专家所说，让孩子保持较低的自尊可能实际上对孩子是好事情。选C
小题14:考查形容词辨析：A. powerful强大的，B. harmful有害的，C. grateful 感激的，D. stressful有压力的，表扬可能是有害的，因为它忽视了外面的世界，选B
小题15:考查形容词辨析：A. practical 实用的，B. limited有限的，C. basic基本的，D. perfect完美的，对别人怎么看待他有实际的理解的孩子往往会从失望中恢复的更快，选A
小题16:考查介词辨析：A. with和…一起，B. to给，去，C. about关于，D. from来自，使用了词组“recoverfrom”，选D
小题17:考查形容词辨析：A. straight直的，B. smooth光滑的，C. middle 中间的，D. rough粗糙的，最好的方法是中间的道路，选C
小题18:考查形容词辨析：A. general一般的，B. realistic现实的，C. different不同的，D. negative负面的，帮助孩子建立一种积极的但是是现实的别人对自己的观点。选B
小题19:考查名词辨析：A. talent 才能，B. time 时间，C. money钱，D. effort努力，通过努力获得的表扬，选D
小题20:考查形容词辨析：A. necessary必须，B. awesome令人敬畏的；可怕的；出色的，C. worthless无价值的，不值钱的，D. awful可怕的，你作业做的这么认真真是很棒。选B |
举一反三
Across the United States, universities and colleges have been looking to become more sustainable (可持续发展的) and more than 600 schools have already planned to become eco-friendly. The EcoDorm, home to 36 students at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, was designed to be sustainable from top to bottom, or in this case, from its rainwater-collection system to its garden. The dormitory is bringing new meaning to the concept of living “green” at college.
At Warren Wilson College, a biological science school with fewer than 1,000 students, the sustainability drive came from the student body. The EcoDorm concept was presented ten years ago by two students; a planning committee firstly suggested using building materials like corncob. Although the architects disagreed with the idea, they came up with other creative solutions: Wood siding was taken from the trees grown in the school yard that were suffering from a disease, and rainwater was collected in an old railway car and pumped back into the house to clean the toilets.
All in all, the dorm uses nearly two-thirds less electricity than a similar-sized traditional building would. But even the most sustainable homes need continued efforts from its livers. And in the case of EcoDorm, students live by their words. Most also take advantage of the dorm’s bio-garden, planting and harvesting fruits and vegetables. “I didn’t have to worry about paper towels being wasted or feel bad about drying my clothes outside,” Jeremy Lekich, the dorm’s gardener, said. “Basically, it has made my life easier.”
小题1:We can learn from the text that the EcoDorm in the US . | A．offers students the chances to have a natural living at college | | B．was firstly built by two college students | | C．was designed for saving building materials | | D．is only applicable in few schools |
小题2:The second paragraph is mainly about .| A．where the EcoDorm was built | | B．when the EcoDorm got its name | | C．what the EcoDorm is made of | | D．how the concept of EcoDorm started |
小题3:What is the advantage of the EcoDorm?| A．It helps students to enjoy life at college. | | B．It saves a lot of money and energy for the college. | | C．It makes students study harder. | | D．It brings new energy to the college. |
小题4:What can be inferred from the text?| A．A long-term development calls for students’ efforts. | | B．Students’ ideas should be encouraged at college. | | C．Green living is a new trend at American colleges. | | D．Students can learn to protect the environment through practice. |
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“Today we had a discussion in class about heroes,” said Ayesha to her father. “The teacher asked us to name our favorite heroes.”
“What did you say?” asked her father curiously.
“I said Kareena Kapoor,” said Ayesha proudly.
“Why do you like Kareena?” asked her father.
“She is so pretty, Daddy!” shouted Ayesha. “So I want to look like her!”
“But how do you plan to do that?”
“I don’t know, but I want to look like her.”
“When I see you, I see a very pretty girl. You may not be Kareena, but you are just as fine as Ayesha,” said her father seriously. “Adopting（挑选）film actors as our heroes and heroines（女偶像）is part of being young, but in the process don’t put yourself down,” he added. “But if you are trying so hard to be Kareena, you will stop being Ayesha.” Ayesha began to look interested. Her father added, “Each of us is unique, We have come down to the earth to develop our own beautiful gifts. You are such a fine singer, for example. Can you see how this might be your own wonderful gift to the world? Focus on being yourself, child, and you will achieve great things in life.
“OK, Dad,” she said. “I love the way Kareena looks but I am now going to focus on being the best Ayesha I can be.”
“That’s my girl,” said her father, giving her a big hug.
小题1:Kareena Kapoor is most probably a ______.| A．popular writer | B．famous actress | | C．school teacher | D．pretty singer |
小题2:Which of the following words can best describe Ayesha’s father?”| A．Reasonable | B．Humorous | C．Impatient | D．Generous |
小题3:We know from the passage that _______.| A．Ayesha’s teacher liked watching films very much | | B．Kareena Kapoor became famous for her courage | | C．Ayesha changed her wrong attitude to Kareena in the end | | D．Ayesha followed her father’s advice and determined to be herself |
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Anyone who doubts if children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children"s success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn"t suffer from a learning disability, or isn"t involved in some family crisis(危机) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“Everything is within the kids" control；their intelligence is changeable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,“Parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort and progress rather than emphasizing their “smartness” or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.“These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren"t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it"s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities.
“The problem of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambition,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to free them of the idea that class work is irrelevant, and to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. They need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
小题1:According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition ________.| A．don"t do a very good job on teaching them to walk | | B．are to blame if the kids do poorly in school | | C．feel pain because their own ambition is connected to their kids" success | | D．should take part in extracurricular activities with kids |
小题2: The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means ________.| A．the motivation was suddenly lost | | B．the fear of failure was suddenly gone | | C．the learning disability was suddenly lost | | D．the fire was suddenly gone |
小题3:All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition EXCEPT ________.| A．learning disability | B．classmate pressure | | C．emphasis on testing | D．extracurricular activities |
小题4:What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?| A．Punishing kids who don"t display ambition. | | B．Emphasizing smartness and high performance. | | C．Telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning. | | D．Praising the effort and progress they have made. |
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Inside their one-store, metal-roofed house on Vancouver Island’s west coast，Janet Schwartz and her domesticated(驯养的) deer, Bimbo, are returning to their normal lives. The law-represented by men and women dressed in black uniforms and carrying guns — is no longer threatening to forcibly separate Schwartz and Bimbo，freeing the l0-year-old deer to the fates (命运) of the surrounding rainforest and its hungry wolves and black bears．
“We love each other，”said Schwartz who turned 70 on Saturday. “she’ll come up to me and she’ll kiss me right on the lips，like a man kisses a woman’’
For four days last week，Schwartz’ life turned as rocky as the rough logging road that connected her life to the outside world. Conservation officers had arrived with orders to loose Bimbo. Schwartz was told she wasn’t allowed to touch Bimbo any more. It seemed somebody had complained，said Environment Minister Terry Lake earlier in the week, noting it’s illegal to keep wild animals as pets.
During those tense days，sleepless nights were made even more restless by nightmares，said Schwartz. There were news stories and Facebook pages which supported Schwartz and by Friday，the government had changed its mind. Schwartz could keep her pet with the help of a veterinarian and conservation officers.
“It makes me feel good，”said Schwartz of the announcement．“She is my life．and I’ve had her since the day she’s been born.”
The relationship began when a friend found the orphaned fawn (幼鹿) along a nearby logging road，more than a kilometer away from her current home，said Schwartz. The friend brought the fawn over because she knew Schwartz had raised a deer before.
Schwartz named the fawn(小鹿) Bimbo，based on a Gene Autry song that was playing inside her home at the time，and began feeding the animal goat’s milk. Days turned into months and years, and now Bimbo is a part of the family.
小题1:According to Paragraph 1 , Janet Schwartz’s life is returning to normal because | A．no one disturbs her life again | B．she can continue to keep the deer | | C．she has married again | D．Bimbo has returned to the forest |
小题2:Why didn’t Schwartz want to loose the deer?| A．It was the only companion in her house | | B．She wanted to study the lifestyle of the deer． | | C．The deer had become part of her life． | | D．She had a veterinarian to help her． |
小题3:Conservation officers ordered Janet to loose Bimbo because | A．the deer was not properly taken care of | | B．the deer brought harm to the neighborhood | | C．it was against the law to keep the deer as a pet | | D．the deer made too much noise |
小题4:What made the government change its mind?| A．Schwartz’s love for the deer. | | B．The threat to the deer in the wild. | | C．The change of the law. | | D．The influence from the press and the Web. |
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Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It is an increasingly urgent question, given the recent mining accidents in Sago, W. Va and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.
Robotic technology, in particular, holds much promise, McAteer says, especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners --- the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog. It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest design is called Cave Crawler. It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog，and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has more sensors that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly，the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused. It has to think about what to do and where to go next. Sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person.
The greatest problem, though, is cost. The money of the earliest research project was provided by the government, but that money had dried up, and it’s not clear where future money will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67% and injuries by 51% , according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most boring and dangerous jobs，but won’t get rid of the need for human workers.
小题1:The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog, mainly because ____. | A．it can map abandoned mines | | B．it can see in the dark tunnels | | C．it’s smaller than Groundhog | | D．it has a real sense of logic |
小题2:The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in paragraph 4 probably means“______”| A．gets angry | B．gets sick | | C．becomes hungry | D．becomes cheerful |
小题3:We can infer from the last paragraph that _____ . | A．robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry | | B．there will be no need for human workers in mines | | C．the mine robots will have a very bright future | | D．robots in mines only do some simple jobs now |
小题4:We can infer from the text that ______. | A．the mining robots do most of the mining work at present | | B．groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases | | C．experts are trying to make robots help miners with dangerous work | | D．robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas |
小题5:What can be the best title for the text? | A．Mining Accidents in America | | B．Robots in Mines | | C．Cave crawler, the Latest Robot | | D．The Future of Robots |
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