Which came first, the chicken or the egg? This is one of life’s ______ questions
题型：不详难度：来源：
Which came first, the chicken or the egg? This is one of life’s ______ questions and people have been debating about it for thousands of years. Now scientists believe they have solved this ______. Researchers from Sheffield and Warwick Universities in England discovered the answer ____. They used a super computer to observe the shell-making process while a new shell was ____. Then they found one protein called OC17 that is ______ for forming eggshell. This is only found inside a chicken’s body, which is proof that the ______ came first. The team was ______ looking at how animals and birds make eggshells but suddenly made their surprising ______. The big question now is where chickens came from. The ______ is from dinosaurs.
The research team said eggshells are one of nature’s most ______ creations. Professor John Harding from the team told reporters: “Understanding how chickens make eggshells is fascinating in itself, but it can also be _____ in designing new materials.” Eggshells are very lightweight but incredibly strong. Even the most up-to-date materials _____ by the world’s top engineers cannot produce anything as ______ as an eggshell. Professor Harding added that ______ eggshells could help to cure bone diseases and design materials for the construction industry. “Nature has found wonderful ways that ___ for all kinds of problems in materials science and technology — we can learn a lot from them.” he said.
| 小题1: | | A．strangest | B．best | C．oldest | D．Closest |
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| 小题2: | | A．puzzle | B．fact | C．history | D．opinion |
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| 小题3: | | A．on purpose | B．by chance | C．without hesitation | D．at work |
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| 小题4: | | A．breaking | B．changing | C．disappearing | D．Forming |
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| 小题5: | | A．necessary | B．easy | C．kind | D．impossible |
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| 小题6: | | A．egg | B．eggshell | C．chicken | D．dinosaur |
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| 小题7: | | A．obviously | B．originally | C．thoughtfully | D．surprisingly |
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| 小题8: | | A．invention | B．mistake | C．statement | D．discovery |
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| 小题9: | | A．answer | B．research | C．road | D．egg |
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| 小题10: | | A．common | B．ridiculous | C．funny | D．amazing |
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| 小题11: | | A．interesting | B．helpful | C．normal | D．correct |
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| 小题12: | | A．bought | B．cut | C．designed | D．carried |
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| 小题13: | | A．brilliant | B．ordinary | C．1ight | D．small |
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| 小题14: | | A．finding | B．watching | C．studying | D．making |
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| 小题15: | | A．happen | B．work | C．wait | D．Look |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:A
小题6:C
小题7:B
小题8:D
小题9:A
小题10:D
小题11:B
小题12:C
小题13:A
小题14:C
小题15:B |
解析
试题分析：关于先有鸡还是先有蛋这个问题的争论，在哲学和科学等许多领域都已经持续了千百年。日前，英国科学家宣称已经破解了这个一直困扰着人类的谜题。研究证实先有鸡后有蛋。
小题1:根据for thousands of years可知，先有鸡还是先有蛋，这是一个古老的问题。A最奇怪的；B最好的；C最古老的；D最亲密的。故选C。
小题2:Now scientists believe they have solved this ___科学家认为他们已经解决了这个难题。A难题；B事实；C历史；D观点。故选A。
小题3:discovered the answer ____偶然发现了答案。A故意；B偶然；C毫不犹豫；D在工作。故选B。
小题4:observe the shell-making process while a new shell was ____.观察蛋壳形成过程，A破裂；B改变；C消失；D形成。故选D。
小题5:OC17 that is ______ for forming eggshellOC17是蛋壳形成所必需的。A必需的；B容易的；C友好的；D不可能的。故选A。
小题6:根据This is only found inside a chicken’s body可知，这种蛋白质只能在鸡子体内找到，因此先有鸡。A鸡蛋；B蛋壳；C鸡；D恐龙。故选C。
小题7:but suddenly made their surprising ___研究团队最初是在观察蛋壳是怎样形成的，意外发现了OC17这种物质。A明显地；B起初，原来；C考虑周到地；D惊讶地。故选B。
小题8:科学家们意外发现的这种物质。make a discovery发现，A发明；B错误；C陈述；D发现。故选D。
小题9:The big question now is where chickens came from. The ______ is from dinosaurs与question对应的应该是答案，即answer。A答案；B研究；C道路；D鸡蛋。故选A。
小题10:蛋壳是自然界最令人惊异的发明之一。A普通的；B荒谬的；C滑稽的；D令人惊异的。故选D。
小题11:it can also be ______ in designing new materials蛋壳有助于设计新型材料。A有趣的；B有帮助的；C正常的；D正确的。故选B。
小题12:根据上一句的“designing new materials”可知，design与materials搭配，A购买；B剪切；C设计；D携带。故选C。
小题13:世界顶级设计师也不能设计出像蛋壳那样出色的材料。A出色的；B普通的；C轻的；D小的。故选A。
小题14:______ eggshells could help to cure bone diseases and design materials研究蛋壳能够帮助治愈骨病，设计建筑材料。A找到；B观察；C研究；D制作。故选C。
小题15:自然界蕴含解决各种材料科学和技术方面的问题的奇妙方法。A发生；B工作；C等待；D看。work for为......效力。故选B。 |
举一反三
Most American schools have boys and girls in the same classroom. But a public high school in the small, rural town of Boonsboro, Maryland, offers a special program called the Academy. Top students in the ninth and tenth grades can attend single-sex classes for math, science, English and social studies.
The aim is to help teenagers keep their mind on their work by keeping males and females apart. What they really want to do is take that top group of kids and take them to the very highest level they can achieve there, so that they’re prepared for college.
Students are invited to enter this program after they finish middle school, and placement in the Academy is voluntary. However, they need high marks and test scores and strong teacher recommendations. They also need to be involved in activities.
Almost 350 students have taken part in the Academy. It began as an experiment in 2010.
Michael Bair has been at Boonsboro High for twenty years and directs the Academy. His ninth-grade English class for boys centers on books that he believes boys find interesting. He says that the novels the students are reading now are very manly (男子气概的) novels. These novels deal with the arrogance (傲慢) of man and the pride of man which finally leads to man’s downfall.
One of those books, for example, is The Call of the Wild by Jack London. This classic story tells of a dog stolen from his home and sold to work as a sled dog in Canada’s Klondike Gold Rush.
Morgan Fleet, a senior at Boonsboro High, likes being in the Academy. She says boys and girls act differently when they are together in a classroom. She believes this difference seems to prevent her from developing herself because she’s more focused on thoughts like “Oh, I wish they would shut up. Oh, what do they think of me?’’ instead of focusing on “What’s the homework? What’s going on in this class? What’s the lesson?”.
There is one activity that girls and boys in the Academy do together. At the end of the day, many of them stay and help tutor students who are having trouble in school.
小题1:What is the purpose of the Academy program?| A．To offer a special program in high school. | | B．To help students concentrate on study. | | C．To strengthen sex education for teenagers. | | D．To start learning college courses earlier. |
小题2:To enter the Academy program, students are NOT required to _________.| A．do well in their study | B．be recommended by teachers | | C．take part in some activities | D．have worked as volunteers |
小题3:The Call of the Wild is given as an example to show that male students ___.| A．should learn more about literature | | B．should have a sense of protecting the wildlife | | C．are reading more manly novels | | D．are interested in stories on animals |
小题4:Which is likely to be Morgan Fleet’s opinion?| A．A girl cares about the boys’ opinions of her. | | B．Single-sex classes should be stopped. | | C．Girls are more focused when studying with boys. | | D．Boys and girls act the same in separate classrooms. |
小题5:The passage is intended to _________.| A．introduce the single-sex class project | | B．explain the differences between boys and girls | | C．persuade students to enter the Academy program | | D．urge students to work hard in their study |
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Bicycle lights may not exactly be a problem that needs solving, but the following can be said about most of them ---- they’re easily stolen if left on an unattended bike. People riding at dusk can forget to turn them on, and those same people can forget to turn them off when they reach their destination. Well, the makers of the Blink/ Steady Bike Light have set out to address all of those shortcomings.
The waterproof(防水的) Blink/ Steady is so far only available as a tail light, although a head light is on the way. It’s fixed onto the bike’s seat post. A built- in photosensor(感光器) tells when it’s become dark enough for the light to be required, and allows it to come on once you begin the riding. According to the producers, it isn’t fooled by things such as headlights or streetlights. The light also contains an accelerometer, also known as a motion sensor, which can tell when the bike is in motion.
Between the two sensors, this means the light will come on only once it’s dark enough, and the bike is moving. Even when stopped at red lights, the small movements of the rider will reportedly be enough to keep the light activated---- it’ll go out after 30 seconds of complete inactivity. While this does mean that the two sensors are continuously powered up, they go into a very low---- power sleep pattern when the bike is sitting, unused.
Light is provided by two5- watt LEDs, seeable over a range of 180 degrees. And power comes from two AAA batteries, which provided up to 200 hours of continuous run time. The designers and engineers behind the Blink/ Steady are now raising money for its commercial production. About US $95 will get you one if they become available.
小题1:The first paragraph is mainly to mean that______.| A．bicycle lights are worth a research | | B．bicycle lights are not a problem at all | | C．bicycle lights are easy to deal with | | D．bicycle lights are difficult to turn off |
小题2:According to the text, the Blink/Steady Bike Light is sensitive to______.| A．the weather | B．streetlights | C．headlights | D．natural light |
小题3:Why is there an accelerometer in the Blink/ Steady Bike Light?| A．To protect the bike against water. | | B．To tell if the bike is moving. | | C．To make the bike easy to ride. | | D．To judge the speed of the bike. |
小题4:What can be inferred about the Blink/ Steady Bike Light?| A．It will be turned off immediately if the bike stops. | | B．The traffic lights have no effect on the light. | | C．It won’t use any power if the bike is unused. | | D．It must meet two requirements if it comes on. |
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GCSEs not fit for purpose
GCSEs（General Certificate of Secondary Education，普通中等教育证书）encourage "teaching to the test" and may be past their sell-by date, according to Britain"s leading business organization. The Confederation of British Industry（CBI） warns that the qualification is stopping teachers delivering an "inspirational classroom experience" and should be replaced.
John Cridland, the CBI director general, said industry faced a shortage of key skills, particularly in science and maths. The CBI（英国工业联合会）, which represents more than 240,000 companies, is also concerned about the 40% of young people who fail to achieve the benchmark of five good GCSE passes including English and maths. The percentage of pupils who reach this standard is the main measure of school success.
Speaking at the launch of a CBI inquiry into education, Cridland argued that abandoning GCSEs could help deliver a full education. "There"s something about this GCSE limitation which produces a form of learning ------ teaching for the test.’’
"It frustrates teachers because it stops them delivering that inspirational classroom experience."
The CBI head suggested that raising the school leaving age to 18 – a change that comes into effect in 2015 – is an opportunity to reform the system. "It seems to me that we"ve raised the participation age to 18 and we"re left with an education system that focuses on 16," said Cridland. More than 600,000 children in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are due to take GCSEs this summer.
Many other countries do without a public exam at 16. Finland, the highest performing school system in Europe, has just one public exam, at 18, though children are regularly tested at younger ages.
小题1:What does the author intend to tell us in paragragh1？| A．“Teaching to the test” should be encouraged. | | B．We should stop teachers delivering “inspirational experience”. | | C．The current qualification is out of date and should be replaced. | | D．The Confederation of British Industry should be replaced. |
小题2:What’s the main idea of the passage？| A．The British GCSEs are no longer practical and should be reformed. | | B．In the GCSEs system , teachers don’t have freedom. | | C．Five good GCSEs is hard to achieve. | | D．The British Education Department will reform education system. |
小题3:The meaning of the underlined word “benchmark” in paragraph 2 may be ______.| A．success | B．target | C．standard | D．excellent grades |
小题4:Where can we find this article?| A．TV series | B．radio news | | C．newspaper education section | D．government report |
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Instead of hitting the beach, fourteen high school students traded swimming suits for lab coats last summer and turned their attention to scientific experiments.
The High School Research Program offers high school students guidance with researchers in Texas A&M’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Jennifer Funkhouser, academic adviser for the Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management, directs this four-week summer program designed to increase understanding of research and its career potential.
Several considerations go into selecting students, including grades, school involvement and interest in science and agriculture. And many students come from poorer school districts, Funkhouser says, “This is their chance to learn techniques and do experiments they never would have a chance to do in high school.”
Warner Ervin of Houston is interested in animal science and learned how to tell male from female mosquitoes(蚊子）.His adviser, Craig Coates, studies the genes of mosquitoes that allow them to fight against malaria and yellow fever. Coates thought this experience would be fun and helpful to the high school students.
The agricultural research at A&M differs from stereotypes. It’s “molecular(分子）science on the cutting edge,” Funkhouser says. The program broadened students’ knowledge. Victor Garcia of Rio Grande City hopes to become a biology teacher and says he learned a lot about chemistry from the program.
At the end of the program, the students presented papers on their research. They’re also paid $600 for their work-another way this program differs from others, which often charge a fee.
Fourteen students got paid to learn that science is fun, that agriculture is a lot more than milking and plowing and that research can open many doors.
小题1:The research program is chiefly designed for _______.| A．high school advisers from Houston | | B．college students majoring in agriculture | | C．high school students from different places | | D．researchers at the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences |
小题2:It can be inferred from the text that the students in poorer areas ___________ .| A．had little chance to go to college | | B．could often take part in the program | | C．found the program useful to their future | | D．showed much interest in their high school experiments |
小题3:When the program was over, the students ________.| A．entered that college | B．wrote research reports | | C．paid for their research | D．found way to make money |
小题4:The underlined expression “on the cutting edge” in paragraph 5 means “on the most ___ position”.| A．important | B．favorable | | C．astonishing | D．advanced |
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About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way. Women are luckier, only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman!
There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases a man can not see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green - a strange world indeed.
Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones”. These help us to see in a bright light and to tell difference between colors. There are also millions of “rods” but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but no color.
Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes (蚊子) like blue but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects, but a blue lamp will. In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible (看不见的) colors around.
小题1:Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by women?| A．Women are more careful. | | B．There are few color-blind women. | | C．Women are fonder of driving than men. | | D．Women are weaker but quicker in thinking |
小题2:This passage is mainly about ________.| A．color and its surprising effects | | B．women being luckier than men | | C．danger caused by color blindness | | D．color blindness |
小题3:According to the passage, with the help of the “cones”， we can ________.| A．tell orange from yellow | | B．see in weak light | | C．kill mosquitoes | | D．tell different shapes |
小题4:We can attract and kill mosquitoes by using a ________.| A．red light | B．yellow light | C．blue light | D．green light |
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