Why is a full moon, yellower and bigger when it is coming up than when it is hig
题型：不详难度：来源：
That"s a good question about something that we all can see. Let"s talk about the moon"s color first.
We see the moon only because of the sunlight that falls on it and is reflected. Actually, the moon is not a very good reflector, because its surface is all rocks and dirt. We see it in almost its true color when it is high in the sky.
When the moon first comes up, its light reaches our eyes after an extra-long path through the atmosphere (大气). There are lots of particles (微粒) scattering (分散) light in that long path. Blue light is scattered more than other colors, which means that it doesn"t reach your eyes. The light that is left over looks yellow to your eye.
Now about the other question—why the moon seems to change in size. That"s more complicated. It"s not an effect of the atmosphere, the way color is; it"s not caused by something fooling your eyes. It seems, instead, to be caused by something that fools your brain—an illusion(错觉).
Here"s a drawing that creates an illusion. The two cones(圆锥体) are really the same size. But the rest of the drawing makes the right-hand cone seem farther away. Your brain knows that faraway objects are really larger than they look. It decides that the right-hand cone must be larger because it seems to be farther away.
Similarly, when you see the moon just come up over a line of trees or houses—or whatever makes the horizon(地平线)—it may be that your brain decides that the moon must be larger because it seems to be farther away.
小题1:The moon doesn"t reflect the sunlight very well because________________.
| A．it is high in the sky | B．its surface is rough |
| C．its surface is white | D．it isn"t a good reflector |
| A．In the course of its rising, the moon is getting smaller and smaller |
| B．The size of the moon is more complicated than its color |
| C．The atmosphere has the same effect on the moon"s size as on its color |
| D．The change in the moon"s size is caused by an illusion while that in its color is caused by the atmosphere |
| A．Why is the sun bigger when it rises over the horizon? |
| B．Why does the sun look bigger when it rises over the horizon? |
| C．Why does the sun look golden? |
| D．Why does the sun rise in the east? |
| A．A novelist | B．A reporter |
| C．A science editor | D．An English teacher． |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:C
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了月亮知识，包括颜色，大小，表面的状况等。
小题1:细节题：从第三段的句子：because its surface is all rocks and dirt.可知月亮表面太粗糙，所以不能很好反射太阳光。选B
小题2:细节题：第四段讲的四月亮的颜色改变是大气造成的，第五段讲月亮大小改变是人的错觉。选D
小题3:从最后一段的句子：it may be that your brain decides that the moon must be larger because it seems to be farther away.可知是回答为什么月亮从地平线起来时看起来更大。选B。
小题4:这是一篇介绍月亮知识的文章，属于科普类短文，作者也是。选C
点评：文章比较抽象，但题目并不难，集中考查了细节题，题目设置较为合理，涵盖了全篇文章内容，在做题的时候，准确确定考点，准确判断就行。
举一反三
“The LF1300 is the world’s first mobile phone that is capable of reading books for the print-disabled, who otherwise could not enjoy them．This is not about making money but about continuing to put froth efforts to reduce the digital difference for the disabled,” LG Vice President said.
Its users can download about 300 audio books from the Internet site of LG Sangam Library to their phones for free in two ways. One is to access the digital library’s Website on a computer designed for the blind to get the audio books and transfer them to cell phones. The other is to download the digital books directly with cell phones through the wireless net work by touching a hot key on the LF1300 phone.
On top of its unique feature of reading books, the LF1300 is no worse than the pupular top-line phones in both outlooks and frnctionalities(功能性). The phone is armed with an MP3 player and a Bluetooth headset, enabling users to listen to the music or talk without a cord. The user interface（界面) of the LF1300 is also designed for the blind,enabling phone users to control it through a voice guidance system.
However, because the phone’s internal mimory of 17MB is small even for a single audio book file, which takes up 80MB on average, a high-volume external memory is a must for the talking book services.
小题1: are allowed to buy the talking phone.
| A．Disabled people with a certificate |
| B．All the blind and poor-sighted people |
| C．The blind and poor-sighted with a certificate |
| D．Both healthy and disabled citizens |
| A．talking to the microphone | B．touching any key |
| C．touching its screen | D．touching the hot key |
| A．This is the first time LG company has done something for the disabled. |
| B．Phone users don’t have to pay much to download the digital books. |
| C．LF1300 has a less attractive outlook than any other top-line phone. |
| D．The disadvantage of LF1300 is that it has too small internal memory. |
| A．A New Type of Cell Phone is on the Market |
| B．Mobile Phones Can Read Books for the Print-Disabled |
| C．The Disabled will Benefit from Cell Phone Producers |
| D．Advanced Technology Helps the Blind Read Books |
At the age of three, many children go to nursery school. Two or three years later, they enter a primary school. At the age of 11 they go to a secondary school. Then they may have a chance .of continuing their studies at a university or college.
Universities and colleges are places where some young people go to continue their education after leaving school. Most university students study one main subject, though they may also study a number of others. Teaching is usually by lectures, or by discussions between a lecturer and students.
Most students stay at university for three or four years. At the end of that, they take an examination. If they pass, they receive their Bachelor’s degree, usually a BA, which is short for Bachelor of Arts, or a BS for Bachelor of Science. Some students study for several more years in order to get higher degree, such as a MA or a PhD
Most university courses don’t train students to do a certain job. Colleges, on the other hand, usually teach skills which enable students to follow a career（职业）, such as clothing design, or business studies.
小题1:The passage mainly tells us_______.
A Something about the private schools in developed countries
B. How developed countries pay attention to education
C. Some general information about education in developed countries
Why education is important
小题2: Why do most developed countries provide free education to children?
| A．Because the children don’t have money to go to school. |
| B．Because the government want their citizens to be useful to the country. |
| C．Because education doesn’t cost the country too much money. |
| D．Because there are not enough private schools. |
| A．the cities | B．members of a country |
| C．the children | D．people who lives in cities |
All the university students study one subject.
After studying at the university for three or four years, all the students can get a Bachelor’s degree.
C. Students usually receive a master’s degree before receiving a Bachelor’s degree.
D. Unlike university, colleges usually teach students some useful skills for a career
One day, Miss Ellis gave her pupils a new kind of homework: homework on happiness. Her pupils would be “happiness 1 ”, and were to see what would happen when they tried to bring happiness to those around them. As part of their homework, all the students did really 2 , wonderful things, but what Carla Chalmers did left everyone 3 . Several days after the homework had been handed out, Carla turned up carrying a big bag.
“Here in this bag I have all the happiness I’ve collected so far,” she said 4 . On seeing this, everyone was filled with 5 , but Carla didn’t want to show anyone what was in the bag. Instead, she pulled out a small box and gave it to her teacher. When Miss Ellis had taken the box, Carla took a(n) 6 camera out of her own pocket and stood with it at the ready.
“Open it, Miss Ellis.”
The teacher slowly opened the box and looked inside. A big smile 7 on her face, and at that moment Carla took a photo, Carla’s photo came out of the camera immediately, and she 8 it to Miss Ellis along with a sheet of paper. The teacher read the paper in silence, and when she, had finished, she gestured at the 9 .
“Oh, so it’s…”
“Yes!” 10 Carla, opening the bag. “It’s a great big pile of smiles!”
She opened the bag and photos of different 11 fell out.
The rest of the class tried to 12 how Carla had managed to create such a great big chain of happiness. All there in the box was a photo of a big smile. But everyone who had seen it felt happiness being transmitted（传送）to them, and in return, without 13 , every person 14 with a smile of their own.
She managed to 15 understanding of the smile truth that every time you smile you are sending a gift to the world.
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Paper cards are seen as wasteful and, for some people, going card-free is another way of going green. They also argue that in a world of e-mail, Skype, Facebook and Twitter, people are in touch all the time anyway; they no longer need the yearly card that connects them with long lost friends. If you want to send Christmas greetings, there are free e-cards, which get the job done with no postage or wasted paper.
However, especially for people who didn’t grow up with e-mail, there is something missing from a Christmas e-mail. The first Christmas cards appeared in London in 1843 and were designed by the same man who had introduced the world’s first postage stamp three years earlier. His name was Sir Henry Cole.
They rose in popularity throughout the 20th century. Many people sent cards that were sold for charity. The most famous of these are the ones sold for UNICEF. In the UK this year, in the three weeks before Christmas, the post office expects to handle 100 million cards every day. Environmental awareness also means that nowadays many people recycle their cards; this helps raise money to plant more trees, as well as recreating more paper.
When we think of trees at Christmas, there is one that immediately springs(跃入)mind---the evergreen tree that people decorate with ornaments and place their presents under. The custom dates back almost a thousand years to Germany. Nowadays 33 to 36 million Christmas trees are produced in America and 50 to 60 million in Europe each year. Some trees are sold live with roots and soil so people can plant them later and reuse them next year.
Some people prefer artificial trees as they are reusable and much cheaper than their natural alternative. However, environmentalists point out that they are made from petroleum (石油) products and so have many pollution issues.
小题1:What is the main idea of the article?
| A．To introduce the history of two typical Christmas traditions. |
| B．To explain the debate about some Christmas traditions. |
| C．To analyze how two Christmas traditions grew in popularity. |
| D．To point out the problems caused by celebrating Christmas. |
| A．Many people | B．Christmas e-mails | C．Postage stamps | D．Christmas cards |
a. they cannot be recycled b. they are not environmentally friendly
c. they are mostly sold for charity d. the e-cards have many advantages over them
e. they are not as necessary as they used to be for people
| A．a, b, d | B．a, c, d | C．b, d, e | D．b, c, e |
| A．The first Christmas cards were designed earlier than the world’s first stamps. |
| B．This year has seen a dramatic drop in Christmas card sales. |
| C．Environmentalists advise people to buy cards that are sold for charity. |
| D．Growing environmental awareness is encouraging people to recycle their cards. |
| A．There is always a wider Christmas tree market in America than in Europe. |
| B．The custom of decorating Christmas trees first appeared in Britain. |
| C．Some people prefer to buy live trees that can be reused next year. |
| D．Artificial trees are better than natural ones in all aspects. |
[1] Learning to save money when you’re young is an important lesson. All good lessons and habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many people---adults included-- do not have a good sense of saving for the long run.
[2] Make sure you save and don’t spend too much, which is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving.
[3] At high school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small. If you have a lot , you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future.
[4] After high school, college is expensive and then “real” life begins, with expenses such as food and rent. You can hold on to a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen. The earlier , the more time the money has to grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg.
[5]Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more expensive and you may only have enough to pay your bills. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving.
[6]Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also allow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do. In addition, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying.
小题1:What might be the purpose of the writer? (no more than10 words)
小题2:Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (no more than 5 words)
小题3:What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?(no more than 12 words)
小题4:List three benefits of saving early according to the text.( no more than 30 words)
①
②
③
小题5:According to the passage, what do you think of saving?(no more than 20 words)
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