Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in eco
题型：不详难度：来源：
Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.
The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.
But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.
Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.
Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum’s report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost (极度的) attention.” But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的).”
However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.
In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability(弱点) to climate hazards(危害)while still curbing (限制) the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.
小题1:What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?| A．Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development. | | B．Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming. | | C．Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries. | | D．Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters. |
小题2: What do we learn about the Forum’s report from the passage?| A．It was challenged by some climate and risk experts. | | B．It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles. | | C．It was warmly received by environmentalists. | | D．It caused a big stir in developing countries. |
小题3: What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum’s report?| A．Its statistics look embarrassing. | | B．It is invalid in terms of methodology. | | C．It deserves our closest attention. | | D．Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated. |
小题4: What is Soren Andreasen’s view of the report?| A．Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data. | | B．It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined. | | C．It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference. | | D．Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders. |
小题5: What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?| A．How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming. | | B．How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced. | | C．How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale. | | D．How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:D |
解析
试题分析：
小题:B 细节题。由第一段Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.可知B正确
小题1:A 细节题。根据文章第三段But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.
可知A正确。
小题2:B细节题。由第五段2,3,4行the Forum’s report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions.说明他认为他的研究是无效的。故B正确。
小题3:D细节题。由根据第五段最后两行” But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的).”以及it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. 可知D正确
小题4:D 细节题。有最后两段特别是More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.可知D正确
点评：本文主要讲述了气候变暖的几位专家的观点，并展开了议论。本文的障碍在于词汇方面，考生要能够在上下文的语境中猜测生词的意思，同时要有很强的归纳总结能力，从从字里行间中推断出对方所持的观点。 |
举一反三
London has become a cycle friendly zone after the launch of a new bike hire scheme．It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London．
So how does it work？First you have to sign up to the scheme to be sent a key．The key will unlock one of the bikes，which are kept at docking stations in and around central London．You have to pay an access fee for the key and then you pay as you go，for the length of time you use the bike．
Transport for London, which runs the scheme，are hoping to have 6，000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the year．The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion in London and is expected to generate up to 40，000 extra cycle trips a day into the city centre. London Mayor Boris Johnston launched the scheme and said London had been “filled with thousands of gleaming machines that will transform the look and feel of our streets and become as common place on our roads as black cabs and red buses”.
However，there have been a few problems since the scheme was launched last Friday．On the first day some people found they couldn’t dock their bike properly and their usage of the bike had not registered．Transport for London did admit they had been expecting a few “teething problems” and have said they wouldn’t charge for the first day as a“gesture of goodwill”．Some other people have criticized the lack of docking stations and locks for the bikes as well as the price it costs to hire the bicycles．
Despite the comments，the green-thinking London Mayor still seems very positive about things，saying，“My campaign for the capital to become the greatest big cycling city in the world has taken a gigantic pedal-powered push forwards．”
小题1:Which is the correct order of a bike hire？
a．pay a usage charge according to the time b．pay for the key
c．cycle in and around central London d．sign up as a member to get a key| A．b-d-c-a | B．b-c-a-d | C．d-c-b-a | D．d-b-c-a |
小题2:．Which of the following is NOT the “teething problems” of the scheme？| A．People were unable to lock properly． | | B．People could not dock the bikes properly． | | C．People had no enthusiasm about the scheme． | | D．It’s too expensive for some people to hire a bike． |
小题3:．From the passage we know __________．| A．the ‘cycling revolution’ failed once started | | B．the scheme will be put off due to the problems | | C．all the citizens in London are in favor of the scheme | | D．the London Mayor has great confidence in the scheme |
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Many times when people hear the words social networking, their brains automatically go to sites such as Twitter or Facebook．However, there are sites for those into social networking and into reading． Sound crazy? It"s really not．
If you" ve ever wanted a site where you can receive book recommendations, follow your favorite authors, and keep up with what your friends are reading．then look no further than Goodreads, com．
Goodreads provides useful services for those in the reading world, It is a site where you can win books by going to giveaways and simply entering your information．Some giveaways are even signed by the author．And the books aren"t boring, old or torn copies - many of them are ARC’s （Advanced Readers Copies）, for which you can write a short review on the site．Anyone can post reviews of their favorite books or series so that others may feel inclined to read them as well．
Another function of the site is offering book clubs and interest groups．You can have interactive discussions with groups of people reading the same things, sort of like a blog．You can also make friends with people and post statuses similar to Facebook．Your friends can send you hook recommendations and you can add them to your shelf if you choose．
Shelves are by far one of the best features on the site．You can categorize your entire library and put hooks you want to read on your "to - read" shelf．These virtual （虚拟的）shelves allow you to see what you" ve read and also let you keep track of the number of books you" ve read in a year．
You can even read original writing for free because many people post their own writing on the site to gain feedback and advice on how to improve．Anyone can join this site for free and fall in love with not just a hook, but a book site as well．
小题1:People who go to the site Twitter mostly want to ．| A．get more books to read | B．buy goods for their daily life | | C．Set to know more people | D．post their book recommendations |
小题2:According to the author, if you want to interact with others about reading, ．| A．you have a lot of websites to log on | | B．you"d better go to Goodreads．com | | C．you should go to bookstores or libraries | | D．you can go to Twitter or Facebook |
小题3:The underlined part "feel inclined" in．Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to “____” ．
A． have a tendency C． have no difficulty
C． have a possibility D． have no doubt
小题4:You can do all of the following things on Goodreads．com EXCEPT ．| A．receiving books signed by the authors | | B．publishing your comments on books | | C．exchanging your ideas with other people | | D．buying all kinds of books that you like |
小题5:What do we know about the shelves on Coodreads．com?| A．They are filled with all kinds of books from some libraries． | | B．They are real bookshelves presented to readers by the site． | | C．That is where people put books they have read or want to read． | | D．New books will continuously be added to readers shelves by the site． |
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Research shows that much of our predisposition （倾向） towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes．In fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits （ characteristics）than our upbringing （儿童期的教养）and the company we keep．Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers．
They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature and nurture．Comparing identical twins, who share all their DNA and their up bringing, with non-identical twins, who have a shared background but are no more genetically alike than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics．
The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched （铭刻） into our DNA．
Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are．This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who throws in the towel at the first hiccough．
Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, "Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life．Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously, the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people" s ideas about what affected psychological well-being．However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics．"
However, those who haven" t been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn" t he too depressed．The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference．
小题1:What does the result of the research indicate?| A．Our DNA is the only factor to decide our traits． | | B．Our DNA plays a decisive role, in achieving success． | | C．Education plays little part in the formation of our character． | | D．Society has Little effect on us in our personality． |
小题2:The underlined part in Paragraph 4 refers to someone who ．| A．is born successful | B．determines to make a difference | | C．makes great effort | D．admits defeat easily |
小题3:Timothy Bates mentions the ancient Creeks in order to indicate that ．| A．some people can live a good life because they can manage their lives | | B．people haven"t made it clear yet what is the key personality trait（持点,特征） to be a success | | C．in ancient Greece the role of family and the environment was ignored | | D．the relationship between personality and success has always been people"s concern |
小题4:According to the passage, the key personality trait is ．| A．determination | B．kindness | C．politeness | D．sociability |
小题5:What is the best title for the passage?| A．How do people work hard? | B．Why can some people succeed? | | C．DNA determines success or failure | D．Several factors determine personality |
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Here are six steps to better studying.
Pay attention in class
Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention.
Take good notes
Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It’s a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject.
Plan ahead for tests and projects
Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday’s test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn’t happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic.
Break it up
When there’s a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let’s say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night.
Ask for help
You can’t study effectively if you don’t understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you’re at home when the confusion occurs, your morn or dad might be able to help.
Sleep tight
So the test is tomorrow and you’ve followed your study plan—but suddenly you can’t remember anything! Don’t panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you’ve given it. Try to get a good night’s sleep and you’ll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning.
小题1:We know from the passage that a loud person is .| A．a student who always answers questions loudly in class | | B．someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice | | C．a student who likes speaking with others in class | | D．a person who makes a lot of noise in public places |
小题2:According to the author, which of the following is an effective studying method?| A．Don’t try to review everything you have learned in one go. | | B．Try to review what you’ve learned in one go. | | C．To read all your notes the night before the test. | | D．Try to remember everything on the first try. |
小题3:If you don’t understand what you have learnt, you can .| A．read your notes over and over again | | B．turn to people around you for help | | C．put aside the material for later review | | D．ask your teacher to explain it the next day |
小题4:By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?| A．Sleep again after waking up. | | B．Sleep holding your breath deep. | | C．Get a good night’s sleep. | | D．Go to sleep early every night. |
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Little Mark is only 6, but he has an IQ of 200, a genius among geniuses. But his intelligence comes at a cost. His parents must keep him intellectually simulated（启发）while making sure he is like any other little boy.
Mark has been attracted by the way how the world works since he was a baby. When he was 3, Mark was reading fluently, mostly self-taught. His parents haven"t been able to keep him away from books since.
"I tried many times to stop him reading. We worry about his crazy fond of reading because he constantly wants to read every-thing whatever it is.”
A psychologist at the Centre for gifted children tested Mark and gave him an IQ of 200. The average child of Mark"s age has an IQ of 100. At 200, Mark is a genius-even compared with other child geniuses.
"With children like Mark you can tell that"s a bright child as soon as they walk in. They just have this sort of intensity, and maybe they"re not so good at communicating with people," the psychologist said. "He will never fit perfectly into a class where he"s with children of his age.”But Mark"s mother worries about the "socially isolated" labels. "Nobody wants their child to grow up with that image. I want him to communicate with others freely, but not to be frustrated academically, so it"s really hard to find a balance," she says.
Helen Dudeney from the Talented and Gifted Children Association says Mark is one in a million with such a high IQ. She points out that geniuses are still rare and difficult for the public education system to handle. "The lack of coping comes because teachers aren"t trained in teaching gifted children," says Dudeney.
Helen believes it"s also extremely important for them to be recognized and supported in their talents. Mark"s parents are trying to figure out how best to help Mark. At the moment, there are few options. Mark finds first year work boring and simple, but he must learn to complete the work. His mother says, "We just want to be happy. Just to have a happy childhood and want to go to school every day.”
小题1:By saying "But his intelligence comes at a cost. ",the author means that | A．Mark must pay for his intelligence at a high price | | B．Mark"s intelligence brings him negative effects at the same time | | C．Mark"s intelligence results from his parents | | D．Mark"s parents make Mark clever at all costs |
小题2:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? | A．Mark"s parents are very satisfied with his love for reading. | | B．Mark began to teach himself reading at the age of 3. | | C．Many child geniuses are not good at communicating with others. | | D．It is hard for parents to bring up a genius. |
小题3:If there are 6. 6 billion people in the world, the number of geniuses with an IQ of 200 will be
________．| A．about 4,400 | B．about 5,500 | C．about 6,600 | D．about 7,700 |
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage? | A．A genius" craziness for books | | B．The life of the genius" parents | | C．The burden of being gifted | | D．The characteristics of Mark |
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