We each have a unique genetic (基因的，遗传的) make-up. Every cell of your body has the
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We each have a unique genetic (基因的，遗传的) make-up. Every cell of your body has the same set of about 100,000 separate genes made of DNA. These are the instructions for producing a person. Genes decide everything from the colour of your skin to the way your brain works. You have one of several billion combinations of DNA which come from the random mixing of your parents’ genes. Except for identical twins (同卵双胞胎), no one has the same combination as another person. You are unique! You are unique in another way too: in the way you are raised and all the experiences you have from before birth to adult life. These experiences influence you, your behaviour and attitudes, and the choices you make.
But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping your appearance and personality? Scientists are studying twins to find out. One set of twins occurs every 70 births---some are identical and others are non-identical twins. Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment. Non-identical twins are more like ordinary brothers and sisters.
Some identical twins have been adopted and brought up in different homes. With identical genes but a different home environment, scientists can study twins to see how much a particular feature depends on the genes we inherit. For example, we know that eye problems, like short-sightedness, are mostly genetic. But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences. Genes also influence our eating habits. Identical twins brought up apart often like to eat at the same time of day and feel full after eating the same amount. Non-identical twins in similar circumstances have more varied eating habits. Identical twins are also more likely to follow the same patterns for marriage and divorce than non-identical twins.
Scientists are trying to identify the different genes that influence our behaviour. Some people are thrill-seekers and get into risk-taking and adventurous activities. They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs. Scientists have discovered a gene which affects this.
We could ask, “Are our lives determined by our genes or our upbringing?” Scientists are learning more all the time, but it is certainly true that both are important in making us who we are.
小题1:What is the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．We cannot easily change our physical appearance. | | B．How we turn out depends on our parents’ genes. | | C．Everyone has a physical double somewhere in the world. | | D．Both our genes and our experiences make us who we are. |
小题2:Why are scientists studying twins?| A．To find out how many twins are born every year. | | B．To discover what shapes us as individuals. | | C．To compare differences between twins. | | D．To study brother-and-sister relationships. |
小题3:According to the passage, __________.| A．one in 70 twins are genetically identical | | B．non-identical twins are usually not of the same sex | | C．twins separated at birth behave exactly the same | | D．identical twins are genetically the same |
小题4:Which of the following is most affected by experience according the passage?| A．Eating habits. | B．Eye-sight. | C．Pain resistance. | D．Marriage patterns. |
小题5:What does the underlined “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? | A．Our love of sport. | B．Our attitude to risk-taking. | | C．Our skill at bungee jumping. | D．Our ability to take drugs. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:B |
解析
究竟是遗传还是环境导致了我们的个性？文章对此进行了说明。
小题1:D 段落大意题。第一段讲述的正是基因和个人经历塑造了每个人。前半段讲述的是基因的作用，后半部分讲述的是个人经历的作用，故D正确。
小题2:B 细节题。根据第二段1,2行But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping your appearance and personality? Scientists are studying twins to find out可知B 正确。正是为了发现是什么形成了我的个性，所以才催基因基本一样的双胞胎进行研究。
小题3:D 细节题。根据第二段3,4行Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment.可知D正确。
小题4:C 细节题。根据第三段4,5行But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences.说明C正确。、
小题5:B 猜测词义题。根据第四段2,3行Some people are thrill-seekers and get into risk-taking and adventurous activities. They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs.说明这里的it就是指人们喜爱冒险活动原因。故B正确。 |
举一反三
Some American parents might think their children need better education to compete with China and other countries’ children． But how much do the parents themselves need to change?
A new book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother written by Amy Chua has caused a debate about cultural differences in parenting． Ms． Chua is a professor at the Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut, and a mother of two daughters． She was raised in America by immigrant Chinese parents． In her book, Ms． Chua wrote about how she demanded excellence from her daughters． For example, she threatened to burn her daughter’s dolls unless she played a piece of music perfectly． She would scold her daughters if they failed to meet her expectations．
Ms． Chua had a clear list of what her daughters, Sophia and Louisa, were not permitted to do: “Attend a sleepover, have a play date, watch TV or play computer games, be in a school play, get any grade less than an A．” Many people criticize Amy Chua, saying her parenting methods were cruel and violent． She even admits that her husband, who is not Chinese, sometimes objected to her parenting style． But she says that is the way her parents raised her and her three sisters．
Ms． Chua says she eased some of the pressure after her younger daughter rebelled and shouted “I hate my life! I hate you!” But she also says American parents often have low expectations of their children’s abilities． Amy Chua thinks one of the biggest differences between Western and Chinese parents is that Chinese parents take on strength rather than fragility．”
Stacy DeBroff, who has written four books on parenting, says: “Parents should rethink, what does it mean to be a successful parent and what does it mean to be a successful child?” She says Amy Chua’s parenting style is not limited to Chinese families． It represents a traditional way of parenting among immigrants seeking a better future for their children． But she also sees a risk． When children have no time to be social or to follow their own interests, they might not develop other skills that they need to succeed in life． Stacey DeBroff advises parents to develop their own style of parenting and not just repeat the way they were raised．
小题1:Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother is mainly about ___________．| A．how to teach children to learn music | | B．how to change the ways of parenting | | C．Amy Chun’s experience in parenting | | D．Amy Chun’s reflection of her family life |
小题2:The underlined word “rebelled” in Paragraph 4 probably means “____________”．| A．disobeyed | B．succeeded | C．failed | D．panicked |
小题3: According to Ms． Chua, Chinese way of parenting is powerful because ____________．| A．parents set good examples to children | | B．parents understand their children better | | C．parents usually treat their children as friends | | D．parents have high expectations of their children |
小题4:What is Stacy DeBroff’s warning to immigrant parents?| A．Don’t expect too much from their children． | | B．Don’t allow them to communicate with others． | | C．Don’t give them freedom to do what they want to． | | D．Don’t bring up their children as their parents did． |
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The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.
But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line. 71 Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.
For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face?” if the answer is no, rewrite and reread. 72
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct (本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so. 73 If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
74 Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else. 75 At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended.
It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions. | A．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face. | | B．Everyone was new to the network once. | | C．The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. | | D．When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear. |
E. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.
F. If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.
G. It’s natural that there some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online. |
When many people see birds cleaning their feathers, they attribute it to vanity on the part of the bird. But, in reality, what they are doing is maintaining their wings, the instruments that they depend on for safe flight. If a bird’s wings are not in perfect condition, the bird either won’t be able to fly or won’t be able to control its flight. That is why after a long flight and even throughout the day, you will see them cleaning their feathers.
Most birds, if they get a chance, will take a bath at least once a day. They do this to get rid of the dust that has accumulated in their feathers throughout their flight s during the day. In dry or desert areas, birds will not always be able to find water in which to bath, but they still need to clean their feathers. What many birds will do is to take dust baths. They will roll around in dust until it covers their feathers. They will stand up, shaking the dust out, and then clean their feathers with their beaks (鸟嘴) as usual.
Baths are important for another reason. During the course of the day and night, many parasites (寄生虫) are attracted to birds. Bugs, mites, fleas and so on will try to reach birds and suck from their blood. Daily baths help to keep the parasites to a minimum.
Some birds, especially those that spend a lot of time in or around water, have skin glands (皮肤腺) that produce oil. After bathing, these birds will squeeze the glands to spread the oil over their wings to keep them free of water.
If you are a bird lover and have bird houses in your yard, it can be good to go to the extra step, providing a bird bath. Once the birds in your neighborhood discover it, you will be surprised at how popular it becomes as they periodically stop by to take their daily bath.
小题1:What’s the passage mainly about?| A．How birds clean themselves. | B．What birds enjoy doing. | | C．Why baths matter so much to birds. | D．What bird lovers should do. |
小题2:What does the underlined part in Para 1 probably mean?| A．Most people think it good for birds to clean their feathers. | | B．Most people show much interest in how birds clean themselves. | | C．Most people believe that birds’ keeping themselves clean is necessary. | | D．Most people think birds’ cleaning their feathers of no practical significance. |
小题3:According to Para 3, birds’ feather cleaning _____.| A．helps keep them healthy | B．keeps them free of any parasite | | C．makes them more attractive | D．helps them relax enough |
小题4:In the last paragraph, the author further reminds us that _____ .| A．we should love birds as much as possible | | B．birds enjoy cleaning themselves by bathing | | C．we can be good bird lovers by bathing birds | | D．birds like to come close to the people in a yard |
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In America,where labor costs are so high, do-it-yourself is a way of life.Many people 36 their own car,build their own garages,even rebuild their own 37 .Soon they may also be writing their own books.In Hollywood there is a company 38 publishes(出版) Children’s books 39 the help of computers.Although other book 40 also publish that way,this particular company is very 41 .It “personalizes”（使个性化）the book by having the computer make the reader the leading character in the story.Here is 42 they do it.Let us say your child 43 Jenny.She lives on Oak Drive in St. Louis,has a dog named Spot,a cat named Tabby,and three playmates 44 names are Betty,Sandy ,and Jody.The computer uses this 45 to fill out a story that has 46 been prepared and illustrated（发行）.The story is then printed（印刷） with standard equipment 47 a hard-cover book.A child who 48 such a book might say,”This book is about me”;the company therefore calls 49 the Me-book Publishing Company”.
Children like the Me-books because they like to see their own names in print and 50 of their friends and their pets. 51 more important ,”personalization” has been 52 to be important tool（工具） in __53 enthusiasm（热情） for reading.So Me-books are helping 54 to learn how to read, 55 appealing to（吸引） that natural desire to see his own name in print.
| 小题1: | | A．drive | B．buy | C．repair | D．notice |
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| 小题2: | | A．houses | B．buses | C．TV sets | D．computers |
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| 小题5: | | A．stores | B．libraries | C．sellers | D．companies |
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| 小题6: | | A．common | B．important | C．unusual | D．ordinary |
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| 小题8: | | A．names | B．to be named | C．naming | D．is named |
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| 小题9: | | A．who | B．who’s | C．whose | D．that |
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| 小题10: | | A．news | B．information | C．condition | D．direction |
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| 小题11: | | A．already | B．really | C．carefully | D．fully |
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| 小题13: | | A．gives | B．borrows | C．looks for | D．receives |
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| 小题14: | | A．them | B．itself | C．yourself | D．it |
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| 小题15: | | A．that | B．what | C．which | D．those |
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| 小题16: | | A．But | B．And | C．So | D．Therefore |
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| 小题17: | | A．founded | B．invented | C．found | D．heard of |
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| 小题18: | | A．developing | B．working | C．seeing | D．improving |
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| 小题19: | | A．a boy | B．a girl | C．a student | D．a child |
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Australians have been warned they face a life or death decision over their water —— drink recycled sewage(污水) or die.
With the drought(干旱) continuing, the country is set to be forced to use purified waste water for drinking, even if there is great opposition to the measure
Queensland has become the first state to introduce the policy after a warning from its premier.
“I think in the end, because of the drought, all of Australia is going to end up drinking recycled purified water,” said former Premier Peter Beattie. “These are difficult decisions, but you either drink water or you die. There’s no choice. It"s liquid gold; it a matter of life and death.”
Beattie said Australia"s second largest state would become the first to use recycled water for drinking．
Water is recycled in Britain and parts of northern Europe along with the US and Israel．
But Australians have never liked the idea．
To try to change the way Australians think, John Howard and Environment Minister Malcolm Turnbull have Supported Queensland’s move.
“I am very strongly for recycling and Mr Beattie is right and I agree with him completely,” Howard said．
“Australian cities, all now facing water shortages because of the worst drought on record, must start to use recycled water,” added Turnbull. “All of our big cities have to widen the range of water sources to include sources which are not dependent on rainfall.”
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?| A．Australians face the choice of life and death． | | B．Continuing drought forces Australians to drink recycled sewage． | | C．Mr Beattie is worried about his people’s health． | | D．We should avoid drinking recycled water to keep healthy． |
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?| A．The drought is the worst one in the droughts recorded in Australian history． | | B．Australia’s largest state has become the first state to introduce the policy． | | C．No other countries but Australia decides to drink recycled water． | | D．Nobody disagrees to the idea of drinking recycled purified water． |
小题3:It can be inferred from what Peter Beattie said that_________.| A．he gives orders to drink purified waste water. | | B．if the decision is made, people won"t survive the drought | | C．it is painful for him to see his people drink recycled sewage | | D．it"s up to you to make a life or death decision |
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