New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may temporar
题型：不详难度：来源：
New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may temporarily(临时地) raise production of a key blood cell including in fighting off illness. After 90 minutes of play, bridge players had increased levels of immune(免疫) cells, according to the research reported last week.
A researcher, Diamond, studied bridge players from a women’s bridge club. She chose bridge players because the game includes skills stimulating(刺激) a part of the brain called the dorsolateral cortex. Earlier animal research suggests that this part of the brain may play a role in the immune system.
The findings are based on blood samples drawn from 12 women players. Their blood samples showed a rise in levels of white blood cells called T cells after they played bridge for 90 minutes. T cells are produced by the thymus gland(胸腺) and used by the immune system against diseases.
The T cell count jumped significantly in eight of the bridge players, and slightly in the other four. The findings contribute to the field of neuroimmunology(神经免疫学), whose name reflects the fact that the nervous system and the immune system are not considered separate and isolated(独立的) systems. What isn’t clear is whether the help to the immune system from an activity like contract bridge is lasting or temporary. It is also not clear whether the increase in T cells could finally be targeted against special illnesses.
小题1:Playing bridge can help one to fight off diseases because it can _______.| A．raise production of a key blood cell | B．make people joyful | | C．aid digestion | D．make break away from the bad habits |
小题2:Diamond chose to study bridge players for the research because _______.| A．the players are good friends of hers | | B．she loves playing bridge | | C．this game stimulates a part of the brain that has something to do with immune system | | D．she is a clever manager, who operates her bridge club well |
小题3:A T cell is _______ cell. | A．a brain | B．a white blood | | C．a red blood | D．a kind of dangerous blood |
小题4:Which of the following is true according to this article?| A．The immune system and the brain system used to be considered separate and isolated systems. | | B．The help to the immune system that is brought about by playing bridge can last for a long time. | | C．Cortex is a kind of blood cell. | | D．The new findings are impossible. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A |
解析
文章讲述了一个有趣的现象打桥牌可以提高免疫力，并提出了科学依据。
小题1:细节题。根据第一段第一行New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may temporarily(临时地) raise production of a key blood cell including in fighting off illness.
小题2:细节题。根据第二段2,3行because the game includes skills stimulating(刺激) a part of the brain called the dorsolateral cortex. Earlier animal research suggests that this part of the brain may play a role in the immune system.
小题3:细节题。根据第三段第二行Their blood samples showed a rise in levels of white blood cells called T cells。
小题4:推理题。根据最后一段The findings contribute to the field of neuroimmunology(神经免疫学), whose name reflects the fact that the nervous system and the immune system are not considered separate and isolated(独立的) systems.可知人们过去认为这两种系统的孤立的没有联系的。 |
举一反三
In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical(热带的)Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen becomes the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that are called hurricanes, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.
The great storms that hit the coast start as soft circling wind hundreds — even thousands — of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the southeast winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist(潮湿) air flows in at the bottom of such a wind, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process(过程), the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat is changed to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to move in a counter-clockwise motion(逆时针运动).
The life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released(释放) by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction(毁灭) in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12 inch downpours, causing sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea — the mountains of water moving toward the hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.
小题1:When is an ordinary tropical storm called a hurricane?| A．When it begins in the Atlantic and Caribbean seas. | | B．When it hits the coastline. | | C．When it is more than 75 miles wide. | | D．When its winds reach 75 miles per hour. |
小题2:What is the worst thing about hurricanes?| A．The terrible effects of water. | B．The heat they give off. | | C．That they last about nine days. | D．Their strong winds. |
小题3:Here the word “downpour” means ______. | A．heavy rainfall | | B．dangerous waves | | C．the progress of water to the hurricane center | | D．the increasing heat |
小题4:Which statement about a hurricane is wrong?| A．It travels more than 75 miles per hour. | | B．It usually stays about 9 days. | | C．It usually causes 6 to 12 inch downpours. | | D．It sometimes brings the sea water level to the height of 15 feet. |
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Growing up in the U.S.A., I always wanted to experience another culture. The 1 came when I was 15. After several months of 2 , I was ready to spend the second term of my first year of high school as an exchange student in Australia.
Landing in Perth was one of the most exciting moments of my life. I 3 then that there was no turning back. The family I would live with was waiting for me, and it would be only five days 4 the new school year started.
The Catholic school I 5 was different from my public school back in the States. The uniform code was very strict. We were only 6 to wear one bracelet, which had to be a watch and one necklace, which had to have a Holy Cross. I was quite intimidated(害怕的) at first, 7 never having been to a new school—even in the United States. Everything went 8 , though. The teachers were welcoming and the students were friendly.
The most unforgettable time of my term abroad was with forty-one other international exchange students traveling around Australia during our term break. Our 9 were as extensive as our nationalities: we traveled to Sydney, Canberra, Mildura, Coober Pedy, Uluru, Kings Canyon, Alice Springs, Mount Isa, Airlie Beach, and the Cold Coast.
The few weeks we enjoyed together were crowded with 10 . We took a day-cruise on Darling Harbor and visited the Sydney Opera House. We slept in an “underground town”. We walked around the famous Ayers Rock and went sailing on the Pacific Ocean.
At the end of our 11 in Australia, we had three weeks of traveling time to share our stories and help each other deal with leaving. It was 12 that our last day together was filled with tears. We packed our camp, exchanged e-mail addresses, and gathered together for a final good-bye.
| 小题1: | | A．dream | B．vacation | C．privilege | D．opportunity |
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| 小题2: | | A．examining | B．preparing | C．staying | D．resting |
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| 小题3: | | A．realized | B．wondered | C．wished | D．concluded |
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| 小题4: | | A．when | B．since | C．until | D．before |
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| 小题5: | | A．visited | B．involved | C．attended | D．studied |
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| 小题6: | | A．persuaded | B．allowed | C．determined | D．forced |
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| 小题7: | | A．always | B．intentionally | C．specially | D．especially |
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| 小题8: | | A．toughly | B．annoyingly | C．smoothly | D．strangely |
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| 小题9: | | A．destinations | B．worksites | C．habitats | D．shelters |
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| 小题10: | | A．challenges | B．amusements | C．assignments | D．activities |
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| 小题11: | | A．holiday | B．stay | C．work | D．tour |
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| 小题12: | | A．natural | B．essential | C．embarrassing | D．unexpected |
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Following some of the tips for green living helps save our planet. All of these involve just a few changes to our daily habits.
Just walk and limit the use of your car. One of the poster images of pollution is our vehicles. It burns fuel. It is not as efficient as we hope it could be, and we use it every single day. To lessen the effects of the air pollution caused by our vehicles, we should limit their use. If we can walk to our destination then just let us go. Not only do we lessen our carbon dioxide emissions, but we also get a good exercise out of it.
Use a laptop instead of a computer desktop. Laptops are more energy efficient compared to their bigger counterparts. A laptop is generally 50 percent more efficient in using electricity. Aside from that there are other benefits of a laptop. It is portable so you can work anywhere you like and that you get powerful features without the large size of desktop units.
Turn off the faucet while you are brushing your teeth. It is always a better idea to use a glass when we are brushing our teeth and not to just let the faucet keep on running. Therefore，there is less water to waste while we are cleaning our pearly whites. Simply turn off the faucet when you are not using it.
Make good use of natural light. We have a great and natural lamp --- the sun, and we should learn how to take full advantage of it during daytime. So instead of turning on our lights or lamps even if it is still not evening, we should pull up the drapes and let the natural light come in from the windows.
These are just some of the best tips for green living, but of course there are still many of these tips if you just search for them. But you can do your own variation any time just always prioritize how you can use less energy and produce even lesser trash and pollution.
小题1:What’s the best title for the passage?| A．How to Save Our Planet | | B．How to Change Our Daily Habits | | C．Tips for Green Living Today | | D．Green Living and Serious Pollution |
小题2:Compared with a computer desktop, a laptop __________. | A．less energy efficient | B．faster at work | C．easy to repair | D．easy to carry |
小题3:How many tips does the passage mention for green living today?小题4:The underlined word ‘‘prioritize’’ in the last paragraph can be replaced by the word ________.| A．decrease | B．consider | C．imagine | D．guess |
小题5:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．A few changes to daily habits can help a lot. | | B．While washing teeth we should turn off the faucet. | | C．Vehicles bring pollution and we should try to avoid. | | D．In the daytime we should not pull up the drapes. |
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Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.
Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.
Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.
Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true?| A．Every child in hospital receives some teaching. | | B．Not enough is known about hospital teaching. | | C．Hospital teaching is of poor quality. | | D．The special children"s hospitals are worst off. |
小题2:It can be inferred from the latest survey that________.| A．hospital teaching across the country is similar | | B．each hospital has at least one part-time teacher | | C．all hospitals surveyed offer education to children | | D．only one-fourth of the hospital have full-time teacher |
小题3:The hospital teachers are found________.| A．not welcomed by the children and their parents | B．unnecessary | | C．not quite helpful | D．capable |
小题4:In order to catch up with their school work, children in hospital usually turn to________.| A．hospital teachers | B．schoolmates | C．parents | D．school teachers |
小题5:We can conclude from the passage that the author is________.| A．unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitals | | B．in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals | | C．unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching | | D．satisfied with the results of the latest survey |
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With high pace of modern society, more and more people get stressed and feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and doesn’t require any specially attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation ―for example, when a family problem appears, the time a loved one dies, or when they move to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, it usually lasts for more than two years and has no specific cause. People in this case have problems socializing and can not become close to others. Unfortunately, many such people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: They are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between habitual loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, habitual loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
Title: 小题1:_____________________
Types
| Causes
| 小题2:_______________
| Existing Time
| 小题3:_____________
| Temporary
| Not mentioned
| Not mentioned
| Very Short
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Normal
and healthy
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Situational
| 小题4:__________________
● a family problem,
●小题5:_________________ of loved ones
● moving to a new place
| 小题6:______________
● headaches
● sleeplessness
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Not more than a year
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小题7:__________
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No specific cause
| Difficulties
● socializing
●小题8:_____________
others
● keeping fit
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小题9:____________
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小题10:______________
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