Humans have observed and explored the oceans since ancient times.But it wasn’t u

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Humans have observed and explored the oceans since ancient times.But it wasn’t until the 19th century that the scientific study of oceans began.The first major scientific expedition,and the one that firmly established the field of oceanography,was the around-the-world voyage of H.M.S. Challenger.Setting out from England in 1872,the Challenger spent almost three and a half years gathering a wealth of information about seawater,sea life,and the ocean floor.Major oceanographic expeditions since then have included the South Atlantic voyage of the German ship Meteor in 1926 and the Deep-Sea Drilling Project from 1968 to 1983.Many individuals also have played important roles in advancing our understanding of oceans,beginning with Matthew Fontaine Maury in the mid-1800s;his work on oceanography and navigation led to a uniform system of weather reporting at sea.Since Maury’s time,oceanography has progressed rapidly.Early oceanographers had to contend themselves with tossing buckets overboard to see what they might haul in.Today’s oceanographers are equipped with space images,supercomputer models,and deep-sea robots that can crawl along the seafloor.As they set goals for the future,some oceanographers even dream of doing research in permanently manned stations on the bottom of the oceans.
小题1:Which of the following statements is true?

A．Humans didn’t explore the oceans until the 19th century.

B．Maury first established the field of oceanography.

C．Maury spent a lot of time in studying seawater,sea life,and the bottom of the ocean.

D．Many individuals also plays a very important part in advancing our understanding of oceans,such as Maury.

小题2:How many expeditions are mentioned in this passage?

A．Four.

B．Three.

C．Five.

D．Two.

小题3:What can we infer from the passage?

A．The process of the oceanography has stopped at one time.

B．Maury’s work on oceanography contributes a lot to weather reporting at sea.

C．Nowadays the equipment for studying the oceans needs improving,because it is out of date.

D．The expeditions in the past had great difficulty and made a lot of efforts in order to study the oceans.

答案

小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:D

解析

略

举一反三

Climate change connected with the reduction of wetlands at the source of the country"s two longest rivers， the Yangtze and the Yellow， has reduced the volume of water flowing into them， scientists said.
Scientists studied changes over past 40 years to the wetlands on the cold QinghaiTibet Plateau in west China where the two rivers have their sources.
They found the wetlands on the plateau have shrunk (减少) more than 10 percent over the past four years. The wetlands at the source of the Yangtze have suffered the most， decreasing by 29 percent.
About 17.5 percent of the small lakes at the source of the Yangtze have dried up， the scientists said.
“The wetland plays a key role in holding water and changing the water volume of the rivers，” Wang Xugen， a researcher， said.
“The reduction of the wetland on the plateau is closely connected with global warming，” Wang said， adding that even though rainfall has increased in the area， the reduction of the wetland has reduced the flow of the Yangtze and the Yellow.
Records by the weather station at the head of the Yangtze showed yearly rainfall at its source increased from 260 mm during 1991—2000 to 323 mm in the period 2001—2006.
“But the increased rainfall didn"t lead to more water"s flowing into the rivers because the evaporation (蒸发) was so fast as a result of global warming，” Li Shijie， a researcher， said.
Another study showed global warming had caused glaciers to get smaller， frozen earth to melt， grasslands to turn yellow and rivers to dry up.
The QinghaiTibet Plateau used to have 36 000 glaciers covering an area of 50 000 sq km. In the past 100 years， their area has been reduced by 30 percent.
60.According to the passage， the true statement of the following is that　　　　.
A.the wetlands at the source of the Yellow have decreased by 29 percent
B.there"s no more water in about 17.5 percent of the small lakes at the source of the Yangtze
C.the reduction of the wetland on the plateau has nothing to do with global warming
D.yearly rainfall has increased from 260 mm to 323 mm in the past 15 years
61.Which of the following is NOT the result of global warming？
A.Frozen earth melts. B.Evaporation becomes faster.
C.Sea level rises. D.Plants grow better in greenhouses.
62.The area that the glaciers of the QinghaiTibet Plateau cover is now about　　　　sq km.
A.35 000 B.12 000 C.15 000 D.17 000
63.In the passage，　　　　plays a most important part in holding water and changing the volume of the rivers.
A.yearly rainfall B.the evaporation C.the wetland D.climate change

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A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch television , the more likely they are to develop depression (抑郁)as young adults. But the extent to which TV may or may not be to blame is a question that the study leaves unanswered.
The researchers used a national long-term survey of adolescent health to investigate the relationship between media use and depression . They based their findings on more than four thousand adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in 1995.
As part of the survey, the young people were asked how many hours of television or videos they watched daily. They were also asked how often they played computer games and listened to the radio.
Media use totaled an average of five and one-half hours a day. More than two hours of that was spent watching TV.
Seven years later, in 2002, more than seven percent of the young people had signs of depression. Their average age at that time was twenty-one.
Brian Primack at the Universtiy of Pittsburgh Medical School was the leading author of the new study . He said every extra hour of television meant an eight percent increase in the chances of developing signs of depression.
The researchers say they did not find any such relationship with the use of other media such as movies, video games or radio. But the study did find that young men were more likely than young women to develop depression given the same amount of media use.
Doctor Primack says the study did not explore if watching TV causes depression . But one possibility, like sports and socializing . It might also interfere with sleep, he says, and that could have an influence.
The study was just published in the Archives of General Psychiatry. In December, the journal Social Indicators Research published a study of activities that help lead to happy lives. Sociologists from the University of Maryland found that people who describe themselves as happy spend less time watching television than unhappy people. The study found that happy people are more likely to be socially active, to read, to attend religious services and to vote.
60．The average age of the depressed young people should be       when they began to receive the survey.
A．21     B．15     C．14     D．20
61．According to the passage, which of the following can possibly lead to depression?
A．Swimming                     B．Attending a party
C．Attending religious services       D．Watching TV for a long time.
62．We can learn from the passage      .
A．the survey lasted a short time
B．over 280 teenagers who received the survey became more or less depressed in 2002
C．men are more likely to become depressed than women
D．the study about the relationship between media use and depression was published in the journal Social Indicators Research
63．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Teens, television, depression  B．Depression—the common problem of teens
C．Problems of watching TV           D．Teens—a group enjoying watching TV

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Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other useful things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop drought and flood.
Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees, so he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. And also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also bind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.
1.The most important points of trees to man is ________.
A. they help him to make money               B. they give him cool
C. they give him wood and other things       D. they help him to stop drought and floods
2.In many places forests slowly disappear because ________ .
A. many trees have been cut down by man
B. new trees are not well looked after
C. man has not paid enough attention to planting trees
D. all the above
3.Land becomes desert after all trees are cut down because ________ .
A. roots of trees break up the soil
B. there are too many rainfalls
C. strong winds bring a lot of sand
D. there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.
4.Which title best fits the passage?
A. Trees and Man                                      B. The Function of Tree Wood
C. How do People do with Trees?                  D. The Usage of Tree Roots

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第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
请认真阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Beverage Service    We serve a variety of soft drinks, coffee, tea and free of charge. However, as flying has a dehydrating effect, water and nonalcoholic beverages are recommended.
Electronic Equipment    Cellular phones, FM/AM radios, portable television sets and electronic toys with remote controls must not be used in the cabin, as their signals may interfere with the aircrafts navigational instruments. Laptop computers and CD (MD, MP3) players may be used during cruising portions of the flight but not during the takeoff and landing.Inflight Entertainment    A wide selection of international publications are available for your reading pleasure. You may keep this free copy of Morning Calm magazine, but kindly return all other reading materials after you have finished with them for the benefit of fellow passengers. A selection of music is available on eight channels, from channel 3 to 10. The channel changer is on your armrest. We also offer a selection of popular films; you may listen in English on channel 2. Paduk (go) and chess are available on request, and we have free postcards and stationery.
Medical Needs    We keep a selection of nonprescription medicine for any passenger suffering from mild sicknesses. An emergency medical kit is also available for more serious illnesses.Travelling with Infants and Children    Baby bassinets are provided on a first come first serve basis and should be requested at the time of booking. Special meals for children and infants can be served if the request is made 24 hours before departure. Selected giveaways for children aged 2 to 12 are available on all international flights.
1. The services above are probably offered by ___________.
A. a traveling agent     B. a medical center        C. an airline           D. a five-star hotel
2. If you turn on channel 5 on your armrest, what will you enjoy?
A. International news.                                           B. Free-of-charge drinks.
C. Fashion magazines.                                     D. Popular music.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You should return all the reading materials for other passengers to read.
B. Babies can have special food if it is ordered a day earlier before departure.
C. Alcoholic beverages are not served because passengers may get drunk.
D. All the children can get some gifts when they take an international airline.

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There was great excitement on the planet of Venus(金星) this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.
The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20000 light years ago).
Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to feasibility (可行性) of a manned flying saucer (碟) landing on Earth. A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology.
“We have come to the conclusion, based on last week’s satellite landing,” Prof. Zog said, “that there is no life on Earth.”
“How do you know this?” the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked.
“For one thing, Earth’s surface in the area of Manhattan is made up of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive.”
“What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?”
“We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than originally planned.”
“Are there any other dangers that you discovered in your studies?”
“Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud hovering(盘旋) over the surface of Earth? We don’t know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have further tests before we send a Venus Being there.”
“Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicates it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer.”
“If all you say is true, won’t this set back the flying saucer program several years?”
“Yes, but we shall continue as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds.” Prof. Zog replied.
43.During the week of great excitement the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information as to ____.
A.the feasibility of landing a satellite on Earth
B.the possibility of making a first-rate flying saucer
C.the feasibility of sending a Venus Being to Earth
D.the possibility of directing a flying saucer into Manhattan
44.According to Prof. Zog, the Venusians will have to take their own oxygen with them when they carry out their flying saucer program because ____.
A.they need it in their way to the planet of Earth
B.the Earth’s atmosphere is filled with deadly gases
C.there is a low level of oxygen for Venusians
D.there is no air on the planet of Earth
45.The “dark black cloud” on the photo refers to ____.
A.the polluted air hovering over the surface of Earth
B.the mass of tiny drops of water floating above Earth
C.the mass of small things moving through the air
D.the dark clouds gathering before a storm breaks
46.The author wishes to call our attention to the fact that ____.
A.that modern man has polluted his environment to such an extend that he might destroy himself if he went on like this
B.that there is a point in spending billions to land a flying saucer on Earth
C.that pollution has become so serous a problem on Earth that even Venusians find life there unbearable.
D.that it is difficult if not altogether impossible, to land a manned flying saucer on Earth

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