A strong wind can be a dangerous thing — sometimes it is powerful enough to knoc
题型：不详难度：来源：
A NASA satellite called QuikSCAT has discovered highways of wind over the Earth"s oceans. Scientists believe these invisible roads may explain why many nonflowering plants, such as mosses (苔) and lichens (地衣), grow where they do.
The satellite is able to send microwaves (微波) from space to the surface of the ocean. The pattern of signals that come back shows which way the winds are blowing.
Using this data, the scientists studied a group of islands in the southern hemisphere (半球), near Antarctica．Winds tend to blow anticlockwise (逆时针) in this region, but there are lots of local differences.
When the researchers compared these local patterns to botanical (植物学) data, they found that the wind had an important effect on where species of mosses, lichens, and other nonflowering plants grow.
For example, Bouvet Island and Heard Island, share 30 per cent of their moss species, 29 per cent of liverworts (叶苔), and 32 per cent of lichens — even though they are 4,430 kilometers apart. In contrast, Gough Island and Bouvet Island, separated by just 1,860 kilometers of sea, share only 16 per cent of mosses and 17 per cent of liverworts. They have no lichens in common.
Ferns (蕨类植物) and flowering plants don"t travel as well in the wind, so they don"t show the same kinds of distribution (分布) patterns.
小题1:This story is about _____.
| A．the discovery of wind highways | B．how wind travels |
| C．how wind affects different plants | D．one function of the wind |
| A．signal | B．pattern | C．information | D．research |
| A．Bouvet Island, Heard Island and Gough Island are all in the southern hemisphere. |
| B．Winds in the researched area blow anti-clockwise. |
| C．The scientists shouldn"t base this research on how winds affect where ferns grow. |
| D．Without the discovery of QuikSCAT, the research wouldn"t have made sense. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
解析
小题1:主旨题。从全文的意义上分析，本文讲述的是“海风的一种功能”。即：“许多不开花的植物通过海风移往远方”。
小题2:词意猜测题。根据上下文的意义，data指的是卫星发回的“信息”。
小题3:判断题。根据文中“Winds tend to blow anticlockwise in this region, but there are lots of local differences”一句可判断B项是错误的。
小题4:图形题。根据短文倒数第二段的文字表述及风向，可确定三个岛是以Bouvet Island作为参照物而相对于其他岛而言的。（B）图中三者在距离上与短文相符，但由于风向是逆时针，而Gough Island 是在Bouvet Island的左向，即是在风前进的方向，植物种子就能从B岛飞到G岛，从而形成这两地有更多的相同植物种类，这与短文意义不符。（D）图中三者在距离上与短文相符，从风向上判断，由于风向是逆时针，尽管Bouvet与Heard相距较远，但它是在风前进的方向，植物的种子还是能够从B岛飞入H岛。而Gough Island 是在Bouvet Island的右向，即背离了风前进的方向，尽管B岛与G岛相距较近，两地相同的植物种类不多，这与短文意义相符。可判断出图形D的正确的
举一反三
Since the earth"s creation millions of years ago, the ecosystem has worked as an interdependent system relatively undisturbed by outside forces. But recently, especially since the Industrial Revolution, human beings have begun to disturb the balance of nature. Natural resources have been severely depleted (消耗) (forests have been destroyed, fertile land worn away, water polluted, and minerals used up), and the life-support system of air, water, and land has been poisoned by a variety of waste products and chemicals.
The degree of these problems was noted in a report by the U.N. Developing Council on Environmental Quality. This report predicted that if present trends continue, the world will be more crowded and polluted and less stable ecologically and politically than the world we live in now.
The twin problems of resource shortages and pollution are caused by three social forces. First, the tremendous increase in population growth constantly increases the demand for food, energy, and other products. As the current population continues to increase, the stress on an already overburdened environment will be increased．A second source of the problem is the concentration of people in urban areas, where the ecosystem simply cannot absorb their waste products. Finally, environmental problems are worsened as more and more nations move toward modem development: an increased reliance on modern technology. As these nations become more technological, they will consume more energy, deplete more natural resources, and create more waste products than the biosphere can absorb.
小题1:The life-support system is composed of _____.
| A．air, water and land | B．the earth, the sun and energy |
| C．food, land and energy | D．food, energy and the sun |
| A．change energy from the sun into food for humans |
| B．depends on the sun for enough supplies of air, water and land |
| C．exists in the surface layer of the earth and the surrounding atmosphere |
| D．is a complex but independent system |
| A．natural forces | B．human activities | C．social movements | D．political changes |
| A．the effects of Industrial Revolution on human beings |
| B．the importance of life-support system to human beings |
| C．the significance of balance of nature |
| D．the destruction of life-support system and its causes |
The team has just finished a second year of work on the 1,020-mile highway. "The road is the greatest single footprint of activity we"ve seen in the Antarctic (南极洲)," said Alan Hemmings, an Australian environmentalist.
The highway will provide a new way for supplies to be trekked (拉, 搬) across the earth on tractor-pulled sleds (雪橇). This method will use a lot less fuel than an aircraft, the current (当前的) way that scientists and supplies reach the Amundsen-Scott Base, a U.S. research station in the South Pole. The highway will also allow for equipment that is too big for planes to carry to be brought to Antarctica．Even with these benefits, there is one disadvantage—a round trip on the road will be 30 days, compared to a few hours by plane.
Making this 20-foot-wide road isn"t easy, and it takes a lot of time. The crew (工作队) has been working on the road for two summers, when it"s warmer and easier to work with the ice. It probably won"t be completed until 2006.
Crevasses (裂缝), or cracks, in the land often make the construction difficult. Crevasses are kind of like pot holes that form when surface ice is stretched．This can be very dangerous, especially when the crevasses are hidden under a layer (层) of snow and can"t be seen.
"Last year it took us three months to go three miles across a crevasse field, full of dangerous, hidden crevasses," said the project"s manager, John Wright. Each year, more crevasses appear and they have to be filled with snow and ice so the road is safe for travel. The road will also be lined with green flags so travelers know where the safe surface is.
小题1: It will probably take ______ years to complete the ice highway.
| A．2 | B．4 | C．6 | D．8 |
| A．giving supplies to the research station in the South Pole |
| B．taking scientists to the South Pole |
| C．taking travelers to a tour of Antarctic |
| D．bringing huge equipment to Antarctic |
Pole?
| A．30. | B．34. | C．68. | D．88. |
| A．Other crevasses won’t appear if a crevasse has been filled. |
| B．Many new crevasses will form after a crevasse has been filled. |
| C．Travelers can drive their sleds on the ice highway freely. |
| D．There will be less danger if the crevasses are covered by snow. |
Today, more and more schools are reaching out to involve parents, community members and businesses（工商企业）to help shape a child"s future.
Parents need to be involved in their children"s education in many ways. Helping children with homework and studying, going on a field trip, teaching a craft（手工艺）or coaching a child"s sports team are all great ways to be involved with your child"s education. And don"t forget to communicate with teachers ---- they need and respect your input. Studies show that children learn more and schools function better when parents and schools work together. It"s important to stay in touch with your child"s education all through his or her school career.
Communities can help children create and achieve new goals. Help with homework, read to a child, coach a children"s team, or provide emotional（情感上的）support. Help solve problems and build self-esteem（自尊心）. Kids need role models and advisers can be role models by sharing their experiences and wisdom.
Businesses can also help shape our children"s future. Invite a class from your local school to visit your workplace. You may be providing a glimpse that opens a new world of possibilities. Show students what goes on during a typical day. Give a mini course for students: how to use a computer; how products are made; how machinery works. You may have a developing electrician, teacher, nurse, or even a newspaper reporter on your hands.
It really does take an entire village to raise a child．So share the responsibility（职责）-- and the joy -- of bringing a child to his or her full potential（潜能）.
小题1:The implied advice in the proverb "It takes an entire village to raise a child." is that ______.
| A．All the people in a village should give food to a child. |
| B．Schools, parents, and other organizations should share the responsibility of shaping a child"s future. |
| C．Children should be brought up in the village where they were born. |
| D．Schools should be set up in the village where a child was raised. |
| A．parents and members in organizations |
| B．teachers and students |
| C．newspaper reporters and developing electricians |
| D．education experts and government officials |
| A．parental involvement | B．community activities |
| C．business training | D．school teaching |
| A．Parents play an important part in children’s education. |
| B．Communities have not a bit effect on the way to new and high ideal. |
| C．Educating a child well demands of the work not only from school but from other organizations. |
| D．Businesses may arrange some training courses for students. |
But something is happening to the children. Up until the age of two they develop normally. Their proud parents watch and smile as they take their first steps and speak their first words. But then everything seems to go backwards. The children become locked into their own small world, unable to communicate at all.
They call it the “curse of Silicon Valley,” but the medical name for the condition is autism（孤独症）. It used to be thought that autism was a mental illness. Now doctors are sure that it is a disease transmitted genetically (遗传). It seems that the people leading the communications revolution are having children who cannot communicate at all.
But even the parents have trouble communicating. Asperger’s Syndrome (综合症) is connected with autism. People who have it are highly intelligent and often brilliant with numbers or systems but have no social skills, which makes Asperger’s sufferers into excellent computer professionals. Unfortunately, many of the children of two Asperger’s parents in Silicon Valley seem to be developing serious autism.
There is little anyone can do. And there is no cure in sight. Some argue that no cure should be found．“It may be that autistics are essentially (本质上) different from normal people, but that these differences make them valuable for the evolution (进化) of the human race,” says Dr Kirk Wilhelm of the University of California．“To remove the genes (基因) for autism could be terrible.
It seems that the children of Silicon Valley are paying the price of genius.
小题1:A person who has autism usually _____.
| A．has difficulty in speaking | B．loses communication skills |
| C．has difficulty in working | D．hates people around |
| A．The children are brought up in Silicon Valley. |
| B．Autism is just a result of working in Silicon Valley. |
| C．The children suffer from autism due to their parents in Silicon Valley. |
| D．Autism makes the children in Silicon Valley unable to communicate. |
| A．autism cannot be cured | B．autism isn’t a disease |
| C．harm will be done to the children | D．autism is necessary in some way |
| A．It’s a pity that they cannot have a normal life. |
| B．They are the pride of the human race. |
| C．They are sure to have a bright future. |
| D．It’s likely that they will have a normal life. |
When you first learned to read, you would say the word out loud and sound it out．Then you might whisper the word because people can become annoyed when you read aloud．The stage you are now at is saying the word in your head．Most people tend to read this way．Saying the word in your head will cut your reading speed tremendously (极大的)．
How do you calculate your reading speed? The speed is measured by how many words per minute you can read．Get some reading material, preferably a book．Find out how many words are on the page．Time yourself one minute．Start your timer and start reading．When the timer sounds, stop at once．If you counted 500 words on the page and you read half of the page, then you are probably reading at 250 words per minute．
The first thing about speed-reading is looking at the word and recognizing it．Don"t say the word in your mind, just look at it and recognize its appearance．Later you will recognize groups of four words or more to increase your speed．This is the first and most important step in speed-reading．
The next step is technique．As with any other skill, speed-reading requires technique．You should first be sitting up straight with your book on a horizontal (水平的) surface, such as a table or desk．Next, should be able to see the entire page．This is necessary if you want to recognize clumps of words．Lastly, you should be focused．It"s hard to read a lot of noise．Find a quiet place to read．This will help your understand of the text．You need something to guide your eyes while reading．Then right, you should use your hand, Remember when you were little, you would read using your finger．That is a great technique, only now you"re using your hand to underline each line．Move your finger smoothly across page．No need to go rush , start our slow．Keep your eyes focused on words as you recognize them while using your hand as a guide．This will increase you speed．
The third step is practice．Practice makes perfect．Set time intervals(间歇)．Read using different techniques, but make sure you understand what you"re reading．
小题1:Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
| A．Now there is limited information than ever before． |
| B．Now conditions ask people to use less time to know more information． |
| C．Now people can read what they like． |
| D．The less you read, the more time you will spend． |
| A．What speed-reading is． |
| B．Why we need speed-reading． |
| C．Now it is much information time． |
| D．People should practice speed-reading in different kinds of ways． |
a．Ask for some techniques．
b．Look at many words and recognize them．
c．Practice more．
| A．c,a,b | B．c,b,a | C．b,a,c | D．a,c,b |
| A．a person should devote his attention to it while reading |
| B．your feelings will be hurt while reading |
| C．a person should smooth away difficulties while he reads |
| D．you should pay attention to your faults while you are reading |
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