A device that stops drivers form falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo

A device that stops drivers form falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo

题型:不详难度:来源:
A device that stops drivers form falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20% - 40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drivers or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel (方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound the driver’s response.
Tiredness is directly related to a driver’s response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver’s response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department’s laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months’ time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
小题1:According to the text, Driver Alert ______.
A.aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents
B.has gone through testing at laboratories
C.aims to prevent drivers form sleeping
D.has been on sale for 12 months
小题2:How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?
A.By sounding a warning.B.By touching the wristband.
C.By checking the driving time.D.By pressing the steering wheel.
小题3:We can learn form the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is ______.
A.about 400 millisecondsB.below 500 milliseconds
C.over 500 millisecondsD.about 4 minutes
小题4:     When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.
A.moves more regularlyB.stops working properly
C.opens the window for the driverD.sounds more frequently and loudly

答案

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析

小题1:本题考查根据文章细节进行推理判断的能力。根据第二段中的第一句话“The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20% - 40% that are caused by tiredness 可得出正确选项为A。根据最后一段“If these tests, scheduled for six months time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year”得知这种产品正处于实验阶段,要在12个月后上市,故排除B、D。而选项C只是这种产品的表面作用。
小题2:本题考查理解细节信息的能力。根据第三段中的“after each sound the driver must respond by squeezing steering wheel”判断出D项为最佳答案。
小题3:本题考查根据文章细节进行推理判断的能力。由第四段中的“but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy”以及第五段中的第一句话“In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest”可判断出,只有当司机反应的时间超过500 milliseconds 时,司机就得停下来休息一下。
小题4:本题考查理解细节信息的能力。根据第五段的第一话“In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest”可判断出,当司机打盹时,这种装置就会不停地大声地叫。
举一反三
A study of English learning problems was carried out among a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking. Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading remained as a significant(显著的) problem.  
The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation(动机), we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation, especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different.
Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining(保持) or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that both the students and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.
小题1:What is the text mainly about?
A.Foreign students have more problems.
B.There are many ways to improve English.
C.Teaching should meet students’ needs.
D.English learning problems should be studied again.
小题2:Writing became a bigger problem when foreign students________.
A.had to write their papers
B.became better at speaking
C.became less interested in reading
D.had fewer problems with listening
小题3:We may infer from the last two paragraphs that ________.
A.different teaching methods should be used
B.grammar-based teaching seems to be encouraging
C.English courses are necessary for foreign students
D.teaching content should be changed halfway.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The mobile phone has been a part of our lives since the 1980s. It enables us to stay in contact with our family and friends at all times and in most areas. However, because of the quick acceptance and extensive usage of mobiles in our lives, we have missed out on an important step, namely, the appropriate (恰当的)use.
Driving a car  
Do not use your phone while you are driving ! You could concentrate on your conversation and forget to look where you are going, or you could take your eyes off the road to look at the phone’s display or to press in a number. Either way, you could cause a terrible accident.
In a restaurant
There is probably nothing more annoying than a diner receiving or making a call near you when you are in a restaurant. The icy glares you receive should be warning enough that it is not appreciated. Turn you phone off and enough that it is not appreciated. Turn you phone off and use your message service to return calls after you leave.
At the cinema
Do not give way to the desire to call a friend if the film is boring, or if you want to find out what happens. You could become the target of all the angry cinema customers.
At the theatre
There is no more icy glare than that of a theatre goer who has paid a lot of money to see a show and hears your phone playing a tone. It goes without saying that you will be seen as a socially unacceptable person in this situation.
In hospitals
This is probably the most important place to make sure your phone is switched off. Your phone can disturb life-saving electronic equipment in hospitals, so it is necessary that your phone is switched off before you enter.
On planes
Your phone might disturb navigational equipment and cause a horrible accident so you should switch it off before boarding a plane.
小题1:According to the passage, the most annoying thing in a restaurant is that __________.
A.you receive icy glares
B.a nearby diner is answering a phone call
C.you have to use the message service
D.you can not return calls until after you leave
小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT true ?
A.Theatre goers will not give you icy glares when they hear your phone.
B.When switched on in hospitals, mobile phones could endanger patients’ lives.
C.Passengers should switch off the phones before getting on a plane.
D.Pressing in phone numbers when driving could lead to traffic accidents.
小题3:The passage mainly describes __________.
A.different functions of mobile phones
B.the overuse of mobile phones on some occasions
C.some areas where message service is forbidden
D.the proper use of mobile phones in some public places
小题4:What does the underlined word “concentrate on” mean in the article? It means ______.
A.make something strongerB.carry on
C.pay particular attentionD.think something clearly

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Everyday rubbish could provide a valuable source of energy thanks to a clever new invention. Smelly methane(沼气)gas expelled from landfill sites containing tones of rotting household waste could be used to produce a valuable energy resource. In Europe alone land fill tips produce 94 billion cubic meters of methane per year but currently only one percent of what could be a valuable source of energy is used, the rest is burnt off to prevent an explosive build up of gas.
Methane gas forms when organic matter breaks down and is drawn off from large rubbish tips by pipes sunk into the middle of the waste. Until now this process wasn’t possible on small sites because the pipe allowed oxygen to seep in and that stop the breakdown process.
Viktor Popov of the Wessex Institute of Technology has now developed a system to modify existing landfill sites by making them airtight while the methane is extracted from sunken wells. The site is covered by a special three-layered skin whose two outer layers are made of clay with a pressurized(加压的)layer of carbon dioxide gas in the middle. As the methane is sucked out through a central well it is replaced by carbon dioxide from the middle layer rather than oxygen, allowing the breakdown process to continue.
Unfortunately there are no plans to use the power of methane even though Popov claims his invention could provide a valuable source of energy over the next 20 years.
小题1:The passage mainly introduces ______ to us.
A.how to make methaneB.a new way to make use of rubbish
C.the valuable things in rubbishD.the amount of rubbish beig reused
小题2:From the passage we can see that _____.
A.in Europe 94 billion cubic meters of methane is produced every year
B.some of the waste will explode if it is not burnt off
C.99% of the rubbish has been burnt off in Europe
D.only a very small part of this kind of energy is used in Europe
小题3:In the passage the underlined word “that” refers to ______.
A.methane gasB.the long pipeC.oxygenD.the rubbish
小题4:Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Oxygen can cause the breakdown process to stop.
B.When the methane is sucked out, oxygen will enter from the middle layer.
C.Carbon dioxide doesn’t affect the breakdown process.
D.The new invention has not been put into use.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Beginning college is exciting: new ideas to explore, new challenges to be met and many decisions to be made; your future begins here.
However, you will find college life is different from your previous school environment. Many of us can be easily overwhelmed by the details of running a well-balanced life. While some of us may have the know-how, I guess there are more of us who can benefit from learning about the experiences of others who have walked the college halls before you.
The following you may find of use about life on campus:
·Plan well. There are so many new things to do at a new college or university. Give yourself time to make new friends and became familiar with the campus, but don’t forget why you are there. Give some time for social activities and manage your time wisely.
·If you don’t have a “system” for planning your time now (like a day timer a computer data book). get one. Most of all, don’t depend on your memory.
·Don’t miss the guidelines. The restrictions, rules and regulations of all kinds can usually be found in your student’s handbook. Consider them well-balanced food for thought. What dates are important? What pieces of paper need to be handed in? What can / can’t you do in your student residence(住处)? Who has the right for what? What do you need to complete to graduate?
·Write the word “STUDY” on the walls of our bedroom and bathroom, and maybe it will help to to write it on a piece of paper and stick it on the telephone, TV and the kitchen table. Consider this — you are paying thousands of dollars for your course. You pay every time you have to repeat or replace a course.
·Build your identity. This is the time for you to decide what to do and what not to do. Take as much time as you need to explore new ideas. Do not be afraid of the beyond. This is learning to make good choices.
小题1:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To offer advice on college life.
B.To explain why college life is exciting.
C.To describe the importance of college life.
D.To persuade you to go to college.
小题2:According to the passage, why is it exciting to begin college life?
A.Because you will have more freedom at college.
B.Because you will no longer be afraid of the beyond
C.Because you prepare for your future career and life there.
D.Because professors there will provide you with many new ideas.
小题3:The underlined word “know-how” refers to _____
A.An understanding of how things are going at college
B.Practical knowledge about how to behave and what to do at college
C.College halls where rules and regulations are presented
D.An environment completely different from the one you’re used to
小题4:According to the passage, college students _______.
A.needn’t learn from those who went to college before them
B.spend as much time as possible on social activities
C.should know what they have fight for on campus
D.are supposed to repeat or replace at least one course

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
I was a freshman in college when I met the Whites. They were completely different from my own family, yet I felt at home with them immediately. Jane White and I became friends at school, and her family welcomed me like a long-lost cousin.
In my family, it was always important to place blame when anything had happened.
“Who did this?” my mother would scream about a dirty kitchen.
“This is your entire fault, Katherine,” my father would insist when the cat got out or the dishwasher broke.
From the time we were little, my sister, brothers and I told to each other. We set a place for blame at the dinner table.
But the Whites didn’t worry about who had done what. They picked up the pieces and moved on with their lives. The beauty of this was driven home to me the summer Jane died.
In July, the Whites sisters and I decided to take a car trip from their home in Florida to New York. The two older sisters, Sarah and Jane, were college students, and the youngest, Amy, had recently turned sixteen. Proud of having a new drivers license, Amy was excited about practicing her driving on the trip. She showed off her license to everyone she met.
The big sisters shared the driving of Sarah’s new car during the first part of the trip, but when they reached less crowded areas, they let Amy take over. Somewhere in South Carolina, we pulled off the highway to eat. After lunch, Amy got behind the wheel. She came to a crossroads with a stop sign. Whether she was nervous or just didn’t see the sign no one would ever know, but Amy continued into the crossroads without stopping. The driver of a large truck, unable to stop in time, ran into our car.
Jane was killed immediately.
I was slightly injured. The most difficult thing that I had ever done was to call the Whites to tell them about the accident and that Jane had died. Painful as it was for me to lose a good friend, I knew that it was far worse for them to lose a child.
When Mr. and Mrs. White arrived at the hospital, they found their two daughters sharing a room. Sarah had a few cuts on the head; Amy’s leg was broken. They hugged us all and cried tears of sadness and of joy at seeing their daughters. They wiped away the girl’s tears and made a few jokes at Amy as she learned to use her crutches(拐杖).
To both of their daughters, and especially to Amy, over and over they simply said, “We are so glad that you are alive.”
I was astonished. No blame. No accusations.
Later, I asked the Whites why they never talked about the fact that Amy was driving and had run a stop sign.
Mrs. White said, “Jane is gone, and we miss her terribly. Nothing we say or do will bring her back. But Amy has her whole life ahead of her. How can she lead a full and happy life if she feels we blame her for her sister’s death?”
They were right. Amy graduated from the University of California and got married several years ago. She works as a teacher of learning-disabled students. She’s also a mother of two little girls of her own, the oldest named Jane.
小题1: How did the author’s parents differ from the Whites?
A.The author’s parents were less caring.B.The author’s parents were less loving.
C.The author’s parents were less friendlyD.The author’s parents were less understanding
小题2:How did the accident happen?
A.Amy didn’t stop at a crossroad and a truck hit their car.
B.Amy didn’t know what to do when she saw the stop sign.
C.Amy didn’t slow down so their car ran into a truck.
D.Amy didn’t get off the highway at a crossroad.
小题3:The accident took place in _____.
A.FloridaB.CaliforniaC.South CarolinaD.New York
小题4:The Whites did not blame Amy for Jane’s death because _____.
A.they didn’t want Amy to feel ashamed and sorry for the rest of her life
B.Amy was badly injured herself and they didn’t want to add to her pain
C.They didn’t want to blame their children in front of others
D.Amy was their youngest daughter and they loved her best
小题5:From the passage we can learn that _____.
A.Amy has never recovered from the shockB.Amy changed her job after the accident
C.Amy lost her memory after the accidentD.Amy has lived quite a normal life

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