阅读理解 Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk do

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阅读理解

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected
all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference
between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary
changes to make his language like other people"s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle…They compare their own performances
with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a |
child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we
thought that he would never notice a mistake. If it is a matter in mathematics or science, give him the
answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time in such routine(日常的)work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can"t find the way to get the right
answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own
understanding, how to know what he does not know.

1. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by_____.

A. listening to skilled people"s advice.
B. asking older people many questions
C. making mistakes and having them corrected
D. doing what other people do

2. Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do？

A. Give children correct answers
B. Allow children to mark mistakes.
C. Point out children"s mistakes to them.
D. Let children mark their own work

3. According to the writer, teachers in school should _____

A. allow children to learn from each other
B. point out children"s mistakes whenever found
C. correct children"s mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge

4. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are____

A. different from learning other skills
B. the same as learning skills
C. more important than other skills
D. not really important skills

答案

1-4: CCAB

举一反三

阅读理解     What is the color of the universe? Astronomers had not answered this question until two months ago.
That is when two American astronomers reported on their study of all the light in the universe. They said
that the universe would appear to the human eyes to be a light greenish color.
     Karl Glazebrook and Ivan Baldry of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, reported their
finding in January. They presented the research at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society. They
said that finding the color of the universe was not part of their more serious scientific research. They did it
for fun.
      However, earlier this month, the scientists admitted making a mistake. They said their finding was
much more colorful than it should have been. They now say the light from our universe is closer to white.
It is more like a milky or creamy white color.
      Their study attempted to show what people might see if they could observe the universe from far
away. The scientists found the average color by combining light from about two-hundred-thousand star
systems. Their information came from an observatory in New South Wales, Australia.
     The scientists gave a number value to the colors of the different star systems. Then they added the
numbers together and found the average measurement. The scientists used this average to identify the
color of the universe. They said it was a very pretty light green. Many newspapers and television stations
reported their finding.
      Other scientists and color engineers attempted to reproduce the result. Mark Fairchild of the
Rochester Institute discovered a mistake in the computer software program used by the Johns Hopkins
scientists.
When the mistake was corrected, the results changed. The new color of the universe is much less
colorful. It is very close to white.

1.The color of the universe is _______.

A. close to white
B. black
C. blue
D. light greenish

2.The two scientists found the color of the universe by _____.

A. combining light from about 200,000 star systems
B. observing at an observatory in India
C. m

aking long-term scientific research
D. using computer software programs

3.Who found the true color of the universe?

A. Karl Glazebrook.
B. Ivan Baldry.
C. Mark Fairchild
D. Johns Hopkins.

4.This passage mainly tells us _______.

A. what the color of the universe is
B. the light from our universe is a light greenish color
C. the new color of the universe is much more colorful
D. the finding of the color of the universe is difficult

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阅读理解      It"s true that teens don"t get enough sleep, but changing the school starting time would have a chaotic_
effect and throw everyone off balance.
      Scientists have shown that teens are more active later at night than children and adults, so most teens
are probably staying up later for whatever reasons."The researchers measured the presence of the
sleeppromoting hormone (荷尔蒙) in teenagers" saliva (唾液) at different time of the day.They learned
that the hormone levels rise later at night than they do in children and adults-and remain at a higher level
later in the morning.Measuring the hormone in the saliva is a good way to show that most teens have
sleep problems, but changing school schedules isn"t the best way to fix this.Most people arguing against
changing school schedules would say that it would only cause teens to stay up and wake up later, thus
leaving them with the same problem.
     The biggest problem schools would come across from changing their schedules would be the after
school and job conflicts students and teachers would meet."Teachers reported that students were more
alert, and research showed that afterschool sports and jobs would suffer.Students in that area might have
been able to deal with less time for jobs and sports somehow, but some of them have practice and earlier plans that would become conflicted if this change were to occur.Most students rarely have time to play a
sport and do homework before 9 or 10 o"clock.Opening schools later may have worked for some areas,
but the reality is often very different.

1. The meaning of the underlined word "chaotic"in the 1st paragraph is close to________.

A. positive
B. apparent
C. negative
D. ambiguous

2. Most teens have sleep problems because________.

A. they are more active than children and adults
B. school work takes up most of their time
C. their hormone levels are higher later at night
D. they probably like staying up for no reason

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. There are many conflicts between students and teachers.
B. Some of the teachers have practice and earlier plans.
C. Most students are able to do sport and homework before 9?00.
D. Ways to solve students" sleep problem vary from area to area.

4. The passage mainly develops by________.

A. giving reasons
B. showing examples
C. comparing facts
D. offering solutions

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     The over 55s who grew up watching blackandwhite programs and films are more likely to dream in
grey, research suggests.
     And the under 25s who have watched color TV all their lives tend to have colorful adventures in_the_
land_of_nod.
     Research from the first half of the 20th century, especially in the 1930s and 1950s, suggested that most dreams are in black and white.
     But results from tests in the 1960s and later suggested that up to 80 per cent of dreams contain some
colors.
     Since this period marked the transition  (过渡) from blackandwhite films and TV to widespread
Technicolor (彩色印片法), an obvious explanation was that television was influencing dreams, but
differences  between  the  studies  prevented  the researchers from drawing any firm conclusions.
     Later studies asked subjects  (实验对象)  to complete dream diaries immediately they woke up, but
the  earlier  research  used  questionnaires completed in the middle of the day, so the subjects might have
simply forgotten color elements in their dreams and assumed they were grey.
     To solve the problem, psychologist Eva Murzyn asked 60 subjects, half of whom were under 25 and
half over 55, to answer a questionnaire on the color of their dreams and their childhood exposure (暴露)
to films and TV.
     The subjects then recorded different aspects of their dreams in a diary every morning.
     She found there was no significant difference between results drawn from the questionnaires and the
dream diaries.
     She then analyzed data to find out whether an early exposure to blackandwhite TV or films could still
have a lasting effect on her subjects"dreams,40 years later.
Less than five per cent of the under25s"dreams were black and white.But the over55s who had access to
blackandwhite media in their younger days reported dreaming in black and white roughly a quarter of the
time.
     Murzyn said, "There could be a critical period in our childhood when watching films has a big influence on the way dreams are formed." People"s attention might be heightened during the time they are watching
TV or films.1. "this period" in  the fifth paragraph refers to________.A. the 20th century
B. the 1930s
C. the 1950s
D. the 1960s and later2 The underlined words "in the land of nod" in Paragraph 2 means________.A. in the evening
B. during travelling
C. in a dream world
D. when they are thinking3. Murzyn"s study was different from other studies because  ________.A. more people of different ages were involved
B. both diaries and questionnaires were used
C. more advanced technology was used
D. subjects were given more time to record their dreams4. From the passage, we can learn that________.A. studies on the color of dreams have been going on for many years
B. the results of the previous studies on dreams couldn"t be trusted
C. older people are more likely to be influenced by TV viewing
D. the colors of TV sets are more likely to appear in viewers"dreams5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The color of people"s dreams changes along with their ages.
B. TV  viewing has  different  influences  on different people.
C. Childhood TV viewing may determine the color of dreams.
D. Childhood TV  viewing  may  influence  a person"s later life.

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阅读理解      Britain is set to face an increase in cold winters, with up to oneinseven hitting the UK with
longer periods of time when temperatures are below freezing, a study has suggested.The
prediction was based on research that found out how low solar activity affected winter weather
patterns.
     However, the researchers were eager to stress that their findings did not suggest that the
region was about to fall suddenly into a "little ice age"．The findings appear in the journal
Environmental Research Letters."We could get to the point where oneinseven winters are very cold, as we had at the start of last winter and all through the winter before last."said coauthor
Mike Lockwood, professor of space environment physics at the University of Reading.
Using the Central England Temperature (CET) record, the world"s longest instrumental data
series that dates back to 1659,the team said that in general temperatures during recent winters
had been obviously lower than the longerterm temperatures."The mean CET for December,
January and February for the recent relatively cold winters of 2008～2009 and 2009～2010
were 3.50℃ and 2.53℃ respectively," they wrote."However, the mean value for the previous 20 winters had been 5.04℃.The series of lower winter temperatures in the UK during the last three years had raised questions about the probability of more similar, or even colder winters
occurring in the future."
     Last year Professor Lockwood and colleagues published a paper that found a link between
fewer sunspots and atmospheric conditions that "blocked" warm westerly winds reaching
Europe during winter months, opening the way for cold easterly winds from the Arctic and
Russia to sweep across the region.Professor Lockwood, while acknowledging that there were a
range of possible meteorological factors (气象因素) that could influence blocking events, said
the latest study moved things forward by showing that there was "improvement in the predictive skill" when solar activity was taken into consideration.1. We can know from the second paragraph that ________.A. research shows that Britain will soon fall into an ice age
B. Mike Lockwood"s research focuses on space environment physics
C. it was quite cold in Britain over the entire winter last year
D. so far oneinseven winters have been very cold in Britain

2. The underlined word "mean" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to "________"．

A. average
B. stable
C. ungenerous
D. changeable3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. It was sunspots that blocked warm westerly winds reaching Europe.
B. Meteorological factors hardly have any influence on blocking events.
C. The latest study done by Professor Lockwood was of little practical value.
D. Considering solar activity or not affects the accuracy of weather forecasting.4. What"s the best title of the passage?A. Another Big Danger Approaching the UK
B. Research Finds out Solar Activity Is to Blame for the Cold
C. UK Faces More Cold Winters Due to Weaker Solar Activity
D. Changes in Weather Patterns Should Be Responsible for Low solar Activity

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阅读理解

     A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion
that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species.
     The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were
examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to
modern elephants-the Asian elephant, African forest elephant,and African savanna elephant.
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons,
the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and
mammoths.
     The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and
the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years.The divergence
of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly
mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists.
     There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate
species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different
species.
     Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest
elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants" significant size
differences.The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres.The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant.But the fact that they look so
different does not necessarily mean they are different species.However the proof lay in the
analysis of the DNA.
     Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of
Illinois, said, "We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for
conservation purposes.Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species.
Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(优先) for conservation purposes."

1. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of________.A. the Asian elephant
B. the forest elephant
C. the savanna elephant
D. the mastodon elephant2. The underlined word"divergence" in Paragraph 4 means "________"．A. evolution
B. exhibition
C. separation
D. examination3. The researchers" conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant"s________.A. DNA
B. height
C. weight
D. population4. What are Alfred Roca"s words mainly about?

A. The conservation of African elephants.
B. The purpose of studying African elephants.
C. The way to divide African elephants into two units.
D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants.

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