阅读理解。 Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning
题型：福建省高考真题难度：来源：
be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it"s because we have mirror neurons (神经元)in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿) it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great
deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror
neurons not only appear to explain physical actions,they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the
way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains,but especially in the areas which relate
to our ability to use languages,and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that
mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people
sentences to listen to (for example: "The hand took hold of the ball"), the same mirror neurons were
triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests
that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning.
However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social
disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how
humans behave and interact(互动).Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物) for
neuroscience of what Einstein"s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to
cough in the cinema when someone else does-well, perhaps you"ll understand why.
B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C. why we smile when we see someone else smile
D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up lat
B. cut off
C. built up
D. broken up
B. control human physical actions and feelings
C. result in bad behavior and social disorders
D. determine our knowledge and language abilities
B.Problems of mirror neurons.
C.Existence of mirror neurons.
D.Functions of mirror neurons.
答案
举一反三
we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.
But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits,they are often
unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for
many families to meet.
For working parents,the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an
annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks,there is a need to spread this across the year.
Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. For
some,this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a
caring and inspiring learning environment. The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large
in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the
day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an
important role in safeguarding children、 welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays,much of this is missed.
While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and
an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council (委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a. more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks,
each followed by a two-week break. We believe this will give real "down time" for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own
children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city
children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.
B. a working parent
C. an inspired student
D. a city council member
B. holidays
C. wages
D. benefits
B. 4.5 weeks
C. 5 weeks
D. 6 weeks
B. get a chance to spend, six weeks a term with teachers in school
C. benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment
D. have more school days to receive free school meals
B. the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out
C. the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real " down time"
D. some school staff will say " No" to the plans for a shorter summer holiday
Some of the first concrete evidence of the phenomenon came from Colorado, where researchers at the
Rocky Mountain Biological lab have been observing marmot(旱獭)hibernation behavior since the 1970s.
In the early days of their studies, marmots generally hibernated several weeks into the month of May.
Nowadays, however, temperatures in the area have risen by 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and the marmots
are waking up about a month earlier.
At least the marmots are still hibernating. Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently. Brown bears in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains did not hibernate last year. In parts of the United States, chipmunks (花鼠)also skipped the hibernation period. The bears seem to have survived without losing
many individuals. The chipmunks, however, were not so lucky. Many of the animals died of starvation
during the winter.
The problem with animals waking up early, or skipping hibernation altogether, lies with the creatures"
metabolism (新陈代谢). When an animal hibernates, their metabolism drops significantly. The animals"
heart rate slows, and they require very little energy to live. When the animals awake from their winter
slumber, their metabolism returns to normal.
But while their metabolism may be as active as it was before hibernation, food sources aren"t as
available as they were before. A marmot may wake up when temperatures get warmer, thinking it"s spring, but plants will not have gotten the amount of sun they need to signal their spring period of growth. So until
the plants grow, the marmots have no reliable food source.
Many scientists believe the problem will continue to get worse. In addition to changes in hibernation
patterns, some believe that other animals will also begin to change their migration patterns or begin to give birth earlier. For many biologists, that"s a scary prospect. Terry Root, an animal expert at Stanford
University, said: "I do think what we will be facing is the extinction of many species."
B. Global warming will lead to shortened hibernation of some animals.
C. Shortened hibernation will result in declines in the population of animals.
D. Some animals will skip hibernation altogether.
B. explain that global warming influences animals" hibernation
C. show that the weather in the United States is quite different
D. say some animals do not hibernate now due to warm weather
B. activity
C. nest
D. sleep
B. Because plants haven"t received enough sunlight for spring growth.
C. Because winter days end much earlier than before.
D. Because more and more animal species skip hibernation now.
B. doubtful
C. pessimistic
D. sensitive
of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the "Car of the Future". They featured unconventional things
like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn"t do anything that my brother"s
Studebaker didn"t do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if
I don"t steer it carefully.
But guess what? All of these things are likely to change in the not-so-distant future. It may not burn
gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things.
Airbags (安全气囊) aren"t the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about
people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions, they obviously still need some
development. But they aren"t going away, and in fact, you can expect to see cars appearing with
additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.
Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident ,however, are systems that minimize
the likelihood of an accident happening. Future cars may be able to remove many of the major causes of
accidents, including drunk-driving, and tailgating (与前车距离过近). Cars could be equipped with
sensors that can detect alcohol in a driver"s system and prevent the car from being started, for example.
As early as next year, you"ll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar
determines you"re closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle (油门).
Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves? There"s no reason to think it won"t be technically
possible, and Mercedes is working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a
highway on its own. Nobody really expects people to give up all control to their cars, but such systems
could be used as failsafe (自动防止故障)systems to keep cars on the road and bring them safely to a
stop even if the driver suddenly became disabled.
B. Because other small boys liked to own a car of their own, too.
C. Because his oldest brother loved to take him to places in his car.
D. Because he subscribed to cool car magazines.
that_____.
B. my car is not as good as my brother"s
C. much improvement has been made in the design of cars recently
D. not much has changed in the performance of cars so far
B. They are in need of further improvement.
C. They kill people instead of protecting them in low-speed collisions.
D. They are a standard feature of European cars.
B. They will brake automatically.
C. They will not start.
D. They will ease up on the throttle.
B. People will give up all control to their cars
C. No cars will ever break down on the roads.
D. Cars will all be equipped with failsafe systems.
dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the
dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged, will be posted each Wednesday
outside of the student club.
In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half
hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm during the
week and two meals from noon to 7:00 pm on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during
the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00
pm.
All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This
announcement will also appear in the next week"s student newspaper.
B. show the excellent services for students
C. tell students of new bus and library services
D. ask students to renew their library cards
B.8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30
C.8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00
D.8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 12:30
B.the full list is not ready
C. they are hard to arrange
D.the full list is too long
B. special hours on weekdays
C. special hours on weekends
D. special hours both on weekdays and weekends
B.students will stay in the university
C.there will be a concert or film once a week
D.no breakfast will be served on weekends
Psychologists say in the vast majority of these cases,this is just the mind"s way of dealing with stress and
conflicts,problems and concerns.It"s a good thing.
They call be surprisingly vivid and real,or fragmented and weird.They can be comforting or frightening.
Our dreams can tell us a lot about what we are really thinking.Dreams give us an x-ray of our
unconsciousness(潜意识).They tell us,particularly when we are at life"s passages or turning points.
Lisa Oppenheim had the same dream whenever she was about to move to a new home or a new city.
It"s always just a feeling of needing to stay safe
.Experts say disturbing dreams often occur around major life events.For Lisa,it was moving.For others,it can be marriage or divorce,the death of a loved one or
pressure at work.
Doctor Siegel has studied the meaning of dream for nearly 30 years.He believes stressful or upsetting
dreams can be a sign of what"s buried deep inside our minds.
He said."Dreams are important to survival.They are crucial to the balance of our psyche(心灵).They
help us work
out problems that we"re having every single day.They go to the cutting edge of what"s stressful,what"s bothering us and what we"re working out in our lives.Dreams can guide us and in order to
f
ind that guidance,to find that deep source of wisdom that"s in our dreams every night,we need to pay attention to our dreams."
But many dreams are scary and horrible.How can we understand these nightmares? Doctor Siegel
says they are reflecting especially intense emotion or unresolved conflict.The stronger the emotion in the
dream,whether it"s
pleasure or fear,the likeli
er the dream is to be important.Knowing what your recurring dreams or nightmares mean can be liberating.Some nightmares can be a
sign of serious psychological problems,such as post-dramatic stress disorder.If they are extremely
disturbing or violent or the cause of severe anxiety,you should see a professional therap
ist (治疗专家).B. show us our real mind
C. solve our stress in mind
D. give us a turning point in mind
B. do the same things all their lives
C. move to a
new home or a new city D. are comforted or frightened
B. Dreams help us find out the problems we need to solve.
C. We should pay attention to every dream we have.
D. Only
the dreams w
ith pleasure are important to us.B.We can ignore them since they are just reflecting our emotions.
C.We need to take some sleeping pills to stop this serious problem.
D.We should see a psychological doctor if they are seriously disturbing
B. to offer some advice on avoiding nightmares
C. to compare recurring dreams with nightmares
D. to ease our anxiety on recurring dreams
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