阅读理解。 At night, bats fly through the air, catching hundreds of insects and o
题型：0103 月考题难度：来源：
| 阅读理解。 |
At night, bats fly through the air, catching hundreds of insects and other small animals. But during the
day, they hardly move at all. Instead, bats pass the time hanging upside down from a secret spot.
There are a couple of reasons why bats rest this way. First of all, it puts them in a position for takeoff.
Unlike birds, bats can"t fly into the air from the ground. Their wings don"t produce enough lift to take off
from a dead stop, and their hind legs are so small and underdeveloped that they can"t run to build up the
necessary takeoff speed. Instead, they use their front claws to climb to a high spot, and then fall into flight.
During the hours when most enemies are active, bats gather where few animals would think to look and
most can"t reach. This allows them to disappear from the world until night comes again. There"s also little
competition for these resting spots, as other flying animals don"t have the ability to hang upside down.
Bats have a unique physiological adaptation that lets them hang around this way without using any energy.
For you to hold your fist around an object tight, you contract (紧缩) several muscles in your arm, which are
connected to your fingers by tendons (腱); as one muscle contracts, it pulls a tendon, which pulls one of your
fingers closed. A bat"s talons (爪) close in the same way, except that their tendons are connected only to the
upper body, not to a muscle. To hang upside down, a bat pulls its claws open with other muscles. To get the
talons to take hold of the surface, the bat simply lets its body relax. The weight of the upper body pulls down
on the tendons connected to the talons, causing them to hold tight. Therefore, the bat doesn"t have to do
anything to hang upside down. |
| 1. Bats hang upside down because ______. |
A. they haven"t developed a pair of strong claws
B. they can"t start to fly from the ground directly
C. they have no hind legs to support their body
D. they can"t find quiet places to stay during the day |
| 2. The third paragraph tells us that bats" hanging upside down _______. |
A. is to save their energy for night movement
B. is a way to fight against flying animals
C. is a great way to hide from danger
D. is a skill to compete for the flying places |
| 3. Why can bats hang upside down easily? |
A. Because their upper body is light.
B. Because they have strong muscles.
C. Because their talons are linked to muscles tightly.
D. Because their tendons are linked to their upper body. |
| 4. What is the passage mainly about? |
A. The living habits of bats.
B. How and why bats hang upside down.
C. The importance of bats" hanging upside down.
D. How bats use their energy at night. |
答案
| 1-4: BCDB |
举一反三
| 阅读理解。 |
Anger is good for you, as long as you control it, according to new psychology research. A new study
from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts of stress and
help you become healthier.
"Here getting emotional is not bad for you if you look at the case of anger," said Jennifer Lerner of
Carnegie Mellon."The more people display anger, the lower their stress responses."
Lerner studied 92 UCLA students by asking them to count back from 6,200. They must say out loud
every thirteenth number. Researchers disturbed them by asking them to count faster or ask them other
questions. If they made any mistakes, they had to restart from the very beginning. Many students felt
depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry.
Lerner used a hidden video camera and recorded all their facial expressions during the test. The
researchers describe their reactions as fear, anger and disgust.
Other researchers recorded the students" blood pressure, pulse and production of a high-stress hormone
(荷尔蒙)called cortisol. People whose faces showed more fear during the experiment had higher blood
pressure and higher levels of the hormone. Both can have lasting effects such as diabetes (糖尿病), heart
disease, depression and extra weight gain.
When people feel fear, negative impacts increase, but when they get angry, those negatives go down,
according to the study.
"Having that sense of anger leads people to actually feel some power in what otherwise is a maddening
(令人发狂的)situation,"
Lerner said. Lerner previously studied Americans" emotional response to the 9/ terrorist attacks two
months after the incident. She found people who reacted with anger were more optimistic. These people
are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the event. So in maddening situations, anger
is not a bad thing to have. It"s a healthier response than fear. |
| 1. What is the story mainly about? |
A. The findings of new psychology research.
B. What you can do with anger in certain cases.
C. Different effects produced by anger and fear.
D. Healthier responses in maddening situations. |
| 2. Which statement will Jennifer Lerner agree with? |
A. It"s better to be angry than to be frightened.
B. Different reactions reflect different outlooks on life.
C. Don"t control your anger and it makes you powerful.
D. Pessimistic people are generally healthier than optimistic people. |
| 3. What does the underlined word "both" refer to according to the passage? |
A. Fear and anger.
B. Blood pressure and pulse.
C. Blood pressure and cortiso.
D. Higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone. |
| 4. In what ways can anger be beneficial to people? |
A. By showing their optimistic side.
B. By reducing their stress.
C. By reducing high blood pressure.
D. By taking the place of fear. |
| 5. The researchers irritated (激怒) the students by _______. |
A. recording their performance secretly
B. asking them to count to 6, 200 again and again
C. disturbing them and making them start all over again
D. criticizing them when they made mistakes |
| 阅读理解。 |
We"ve all experienced a "good cry". Shedding (流) some tears can often make us feel better and help us
put things in perspective. But why is crying beneficial? And is there such a thing as a "bad cry"?
The researchers analyzed the detailed accounts of more than 3,000 recent crying experiences and found
that the benefits of crying depend entirely on the what, where and when of a particular crying episode (一段
经历). The majority of persons reported improvements in their mood following a short period of crying.
However, one third reported no improvement in mood and a tenth felt worse after crying. Criers who received
social support during their crying episode were the most likely to report improvements in mood.
Research to date has not always produced a clear picture of the benefits of crying, in part because the
results often seem to depend on how crying is studied. The researchers note several challenges in accurately
studying crying behavior in a laboratory setting. Volunteers who cry in a laboratory setting often do not
describe their experiences as making them feel better. Rather, crying in a laboratory setting often results in
the study participants feeling worse; this may be due to the stressful conditions of the study itself, such as
being videotaped or watched by researchers. This may produce negative emotions, which neutralize (使无效)
the positive benefits usually connected with crying.
However, these laboratory studies have provided interesting findings about the physical effects of crying.
Criers do show calming effects such as slower breathing, but they also experience a lot of unpleasant stress,
including increased heart rate and sweating. What is interesting is that bodily calming usually lasts longer than
the unpleasant. The calming effects may occur later and overcome the stress reaction, which would account
for why people tend to remember mostly the pleasant side of crying.
Research has shown that the effects of crying also depend on who is shedding the tears. For example,
individuals with anxiety or mood disorders are least likely to experience the positive effects of crying. In
addition, the researchers report that people who lack insight into their emotional lives actually feel worse
after crying. |
| 1. We can infer from the passage that _____. |
A. people don"t like being seen crying
B. crying in public makes people feel better
C. a bad cry is as common as a good cry
D. a good cry can sometimes help us face problems rightly |
| 2. The beneficial effects of crying can be shown when _____. |
A. your breath becomes slow
B. you sweat a lot.
C. your face turns pale
D. you are being watched |
| 3. Who will be least likely to feel worse after crying? |
A. People who receive help in course of crying.
B. People who fail to understand their emotions.
C. People who are anxious and nervous.
D. People whose mood is not in order. |
| 4. The passage is mainly about ______. |
A. the types of crying
B. the way of crying
C. the psychology of crying
D. the causes of crying |
| 阅读理解。 |
Fish have started protecting us. It seems unlikely, but the Intelligent Automation Corporation has developed
a system that uses fish to protect our water supplies. Cities and towns share water with millions of people, so
it"s important that the water is clean and safe to drink. Bluegills, which are small enough to fit in your hand, are
the fish that are protecting our water. They are common freshwater fish native to America and are also known
as bream or sunfish. According to the Associated Press, the bluegills were originally used by the Army to make
sure water was safe. Now San Francisco, New York City, Washington D.C and several other cities use the bluegill monitoring system. The bluegill system works by constantly filling the fish tank with city or town water. A
small group of bluegills swim in the local water and are closely monitored.
Bluegills are very sensitive to their environment. Changes in the environment cause their behavior and
breathing patterns to change. They cough if the water is polluted. Fish cough by flexing their gills (鳃) to get
rid of unwanted particles, like grain of sand, from their breathing passages. If the bluegills are coughing the
computer sends an alarm via email.
The bluegills in New York City discovered an diesel spill (柴油外溢) hours before the usual monitors.
Adding the bluegill system to regular water protection methods resulted in an early warning and safer water. |
| 1. People use the bluegill system to monitor water supplies_____. |
A. because they have high sensibility to their environment
B. because they are used to swimming in the fresh water
C. because they can cough by means of their gills
D. because they are able to send e-mails by computers |
| 2. Which of the following statements about Bluegills is NOT true? |
A. They are about the size of a human hand.
B. They are freshwater fish easily found in America.
C. They were used to safeguard water in the army.
D. They are smarter than any other living thing on earth. |
| 3. People decide whether the water is polluted by means of _____. |
A. information sent by the Army
B. the warning e-mail the computer sends
C. observing the activities of bluegills
D. constantly filling the fish tank with water |
| 阅读理解。 |
A good education is very important for the healthy development of a child. But the way in which education is understood has changed completely. In the past, stern and rough ways were used to bring up a child, and unfeeling rules were supposed to create the excellent personality of the typical gentleman. Nowadays, society is much more open-minded and it does not put a great value on being so strict with children although this doesn"t mean that opinions regarding this subject do not differ.
On the one hand, there are those in favor of a strict teacher and the narrow-minded people who consider that only a rough hand is able to properly educate a child. Firstly, according to them, children should fear their teachers, as this is the only way in which they will pay attention. In addition to that, they think that a pupil will never learn because he enjoys doing so and takes interest in what he is doing, but only because that is what he is supposed to do if he doesn"t want a low grade.
On the other hand, there are people who believe that only by having a friendly attitude and listening to the opinions of their pupils can a teacher do his job at a high standard. Their opinion is that there has to be a connection between teachers and students before any satisfying result can be achieved. Luckily, more and more teachers understand this fact and are doing their best to get over the strict rules and get in touch with their students.
However, this does not mean that a teacher shouldn"t be a bit tougher when he feels that things are getting out of hand. All in all, I must say that a good teacher is a teacher that has the ability to be kind and strict at the same time, thus winning the respect and interest of his students. |
| 1. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word "stern" in the first paragraph? |
A. Strict
B. Ridiculous
C. Unhealthy
D. Impolite |
| 2. Narrow-minded people think that students will only learn because of _____. |
A. their interest in knowledge
B. their desire to get high marks
C. their dislike of teachers
D. their parents" will |
| 3. Which of the following is NOT an opinion held by people who believe a teacher should be friendly? |
A. Teachers should lower the standards for students
B. Teachers should have a kind attitude to students
C. Teachers should pay attention to their students" opinions
D. Teachers should often communicate with students. |
| 4. According to the author, a teacher should ______. |
A. always be tough and strict
B. always be kind and soft
C. often be kind, but be strict if necessary
D. often be strict, but be kind if necessary |
| 阅读理解。 |
For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in
addition to objective tests. They use "essay" tests, which require students to write long answers to broad,
general questions such as the following: "Mention several ways in which Benjamin Franklin has influenced
thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world."
One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high
score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more cares about the
student"s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how deeply he has thought
about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests have disadvantages, too. Some students are able to write
rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually
know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in the essay form.
Besides, in an essay test the student"s score may depend upon the examiner"s feelings at the time of
reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should.
Another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. Because of this, the objective
test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.
Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions are
used along with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the student"s knowledge can usually
be gotten. |
| 1. What may have been discussed in the previous (先前的) paragraphs? |
A. The essay test.
B. How teachers test their students.
C. How students write their essays.
D. The objective test. |
| 2. The essay test is preferred because _____. |
A. it shows more about the student"s understanding of the subject
B. it tests the student"s knowledge of the material as well as his expression of ideas
C. it gives each student a fairer chance
D. its scoring may be influenced by the examiner"s feelings |
| 3. The underlined word "this" in the third paragraph refers to the fact that _____. |
A. students may receive a lower score in an essay test
B. another examiner usually gives the answer a higher mark
C. different examiners may give the same essay different scores
D. the objective test gives each student a fairer chance |
| 4. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the objective test is NOT true? |
A. It is more objective than the essay test in terms of scoring.
B. It allows the students to guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.
C. It shows the student"s ability to think bout difficult problems.
D. It is easy and quick to score. |
最新试题
热门考点