阅读理解。 From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It ha

题型：湖北省高考真题难度：来源：

阅读理解。     From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things
around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided ; when to attack and when to run away. The animal
is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decision-a
matter of life or death.
     Animals" ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call"genetic (遗传性的)
learning", which is different from the individual (个体的) learning that an animal does in the course of its
own lifetime. Genetic learning is learning by a species -animals of the same kind-as a whole, and it is
achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way. However,
the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more
important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over
the problems of the survival game. Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one
generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic
learning.
     In the great majority of animals, their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound
(复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with.That is why animals
can survive. 1. The animal"s life will come to an end _____.A. if the animal makes a wrong decision
B. if the animal plays a dangerous game
C. when the animal attacks its enemy
D. when the animal runs too slowly 2. Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because _____. A. each generation has its own way of learning
B. their environments change all the time
C. they can act reasonably on their own
D. it takes their whole life to learn 3. When the environment doesn"t change much, _____. A. animals cannot act in a right way
B. genetic learning is less important for animals
C. individual learning plays a less important role
D. animals cannot get over problems on their on their own 4. Animals" living on generation after generation depends on _____. A. their natural action pattern with their own experience
B. the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime
C. their experience in particular environments
D. the knowledge passed on by their parents

答案

1-4: ABCA

举一反三

阅读理解。     Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy,warm,damp and thick.But if you
had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same?For more than 30
years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted (反应) to the
cold, dry climates of the ice ages, but until now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.
     Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow
global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year; equal
to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate
change? If it gets drier, will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be
able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted
to climate change in the past.
     Unfortunately,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult. To study past
climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen,kept in lake muds. Going back to the last ice age means
drilling deep down into lake sediments (沉淀物),which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery.
There are very few roads and paths,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest
way to enter the forest,but this still leaves vast ares between the rivers completely unsampled (未取样). So far,
only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough
information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change. 1. The underlined phrase "mopping up" in the second paragraph means _____.A. cleaning up
B. taking in
C. wiping out
D. giving out 2. How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change? A. It"ll get drier and continue to remove CO2.
B. It"ll remain steamy,warm,damp and thick.
C. It"ll get warmer and then colder and drier.
D. There is no exact answer up to present.3. What"s the main idea of the last paragraph? A. It"s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.
B. It"s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.
C. It"s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.
D. It"s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate. 4. The best title for this passage may probably be _____. A. Studies of the Amazon
B. Climates of the Amazon
C. Secrets of the Rainforests
D. Changes of the Rainforests

题型：福建省高考真题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解。     Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away
or fight back.. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend
themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
     Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have
sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than
leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
     Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some
grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal"s teeth.
     Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an
unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.
When a caterpillar (毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends
to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
     Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has
prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind
of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 1. The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals ______. A. are not tall enough
B. like the lower leaves only
C. are not clever enough
D. can get the lower leaves easily 2. To defend themselves, oak trees use ______. A. chemical means
B. physical means
C. bitter chemicals
D. sandy materials 3. How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar? A. Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B. Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C. Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D. Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away. 4. What would be the best title for this passage? A. Plants and Animals
B. How Plants Defend Themselves
C. Attacks and Defenses
D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves

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阅读理解。      The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for
the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many
things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
     Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper
knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature
of life and of its continuous development. Technology m the application of science m has made big advances
that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
     The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to
human beings: in pure science-a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science-a more
reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.
     Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing
damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons
of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We
have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the
Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large
that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as
of many kinds of animals.
     William Shakespeare said, "The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together. ""The
above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities-science-seems to prove what
Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically
programmed for war? 1. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

2. From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that ______.A. a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war
B. a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war
C. the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons
D. the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth3. The underlined word "mingled" in the last paragraph most probably means ______. A. simple
B. mixed
C. sad
D. happy4. What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?A. Further application of science to war.
B. More reading of William Shakespeare.
C. Proper use of science in the new century.
D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.

题型：高考真题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解。     "Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt
the rush of energy as waves came over you."?" asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. "There is certainly a lot of energy in waves," he said.
     Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow
across the ocean. "The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those
ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves," Taylor said."Waves are one of nature"s ways of picking up
energy and then sending it off on a journey."
     When waves come toward the shore, people can set up darns to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮机). The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity.
     "The resource is huge," said Janet Swain of the Worldwatch Institute. "We will never run out of wave
power." Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil or coal.
Oceans cover three-quarters of the Earth"s surface-that would make wave power seem ideal for creating energy throughout the world, though there are some weak points yet to overcome.
    Swain said that wave power still costs too much money. She also said that its effects on sea animals are still
unknown. What is more, wave power could affect fishing and boat traffic.
     Traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out. "Demand for energy to power our TVs
and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is rising rapidly throughout the world," Swain said. In the future when you turn on a light, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity! 1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______. A. test the readers" knowledge about waves
B. draw the readers" attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor"s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them 2. The underlined phrase "picking up" (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______. A. starting again
B. speeding up
C. gathering
D. improving3. We can make better use of wave energy if we ______. A. shorten its journey to thousands of homes
B. build more small power stations on the oceans
C. reduce the cost of turning it into electric power
D. quicken the steps of producing electricity 4. It can be inferred that some day we might not worry about ______. A. air pollution
B. our boat traffic
C. our power supply
D. our supply of sea fish

题型：广东省高考真题难度：| 查看答案

阅读理解。     The tea gardens in Sri Lanka are actually large estates (种植园). The best tea usually comes from plants
grown on high grounds, the cool hilltops with rows and rows of tea plants. The plants are about one metre
apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimetres high. Pruning is important
because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea
is got.
     Practically all the tea pickers are women. The estates prefer to employ women pickers because they are
more careful. Their thin fingers can easily remove the twin leaves and new shoots from the plant, which are
the parts used for processing (加工) tea. The pickers carry large baskets into which they throw their pickings.
A skilled worker can harvest between 9 to 14 kilogrammes of tea leaves a day. Usually new shoots can be
picked from the plants about every ten or fifteen days.
      Processing tea shoots into the familiar dry tea leaves requires great care and skill. There are various
methods of processing depending on the type of tea required.For black tea,the young green leaves are first
spread out shelves to dry. This process removes much of its water and the leaves become soft. After this, the
leaves are passed through heavy rollers.This operation will press the leaves for juices which give the tea both
its colour and taste.Then the leaves are spread out on floors and left to ferment (发酵) under wet conditions.
Fermentation develops the rich taste of black tea.The fermented leaves are then dried with a hot-air blower
until they become rolled-up black leaves.The final step is to sort and grade them before the black tea is ready
for sale to countries all over the world. 1. In the first paragraph,the word "pruning" means _____. A. regular cutting of the plants
B. frequent watering
C. regular use of chemicals
D. growing the plants high in the mountain2. One of the reasons why women are employed to do the picking is that _____. A. they work harder than men do in the picking
B. they can throw their pickings more easily into the baskets
C. their fingers fit them better for the job.
D. they can more easily find the twin leaves. 3. How many processing steps are mentioned in the last paragraph? A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six. 3. What is the writer"s purpose in writing the passage?A. To introduce various methods of tea processing.
B. To persuade readers to buy tea from Sri Lanka.
C. To tell a story that had happened in the tea gardens.
D. To inform readers of tea growing, picking and processing.

题型：江西省高考真题难度：| 查看答案