No doubt that you know about Charities. Here it is another chance for you to kno
题型：不详难度：来源：
No doubt that you know about Charities. Here it is another chance for you to know more. Difficult times often bring out the best in people. And this was the case for basketball star Yao Ming, who hosted a television show in Shanghai that raised US$300,000 to help researchers find a cure for SARS. Fundraising, or charity, is an act of goodwill towards others. Charities in the West have more flexible ways. Look at a typical day for Ruth, a wealthy woman in the UK, for example. Ruth wakes up in the morning and collects her post. There’s a letter addressed to her with a picture of a half-dead, beaten horse. It’s from a charity asking Ruth to donate money to save the animals. The door bell rings and there, on Ruth’s doorstep, is an old woman asking for money to help the aged. She turns on the television, hears sad music and sees a picture of a wide-eyed child dying of hunger in Africa with an appeal for money to help the child. Ruth then goes shopping for a dress to wear to that evening’s large party for the rich and famous. The ticket cost her a small fortune, but she doesn’t mind because most of the money is going to a charity that fights AIDS. She feels good about going because she’s helping the sick. Within five minutes of walking down the street, Ruth has passed a charity shop. She doesn’t stop because she doesn’t think she’d find a suitable dress there—it’s full of old, secondhand clothes. But, many other people enter and but all sorts of bargains. Edna, a little old lady, looks after the shop. Any profit it has made goes to a cancer charity. Now that she has retired, she has plenty of spare time to offer her services for free.
For people like Yao Ming, Ruth and Edna, charity is a virtue that holds the same importance in life as faith and hope. “As you look back on your life, the moments that stand out are the moments when you have done things for others,” said Scottish author Henry Drummond.
小题1:Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the story as a way of fundraising ?| A．Charity party | B．Charity post | | C．Charity TV program | D．Charity for beggars. |
小题2:What does the word “raise” in the first paragraph mean ?| A．Collect together | B．Donate | | C．Increase | D．Bring to someone’s attention. |
小题3:We can infer from the passage that .| A．Yao Ming donated US$300,000 to help researchers find a cure for SARS | | B．Edna may not be a rich lady but she is willing to do something for others | | C．Ruth leads a busy life and she feels very tired | | D．Ruth is angry because so many people ask her for money every day |
小题4:What’s the writer’s attitude towards charity ?| A．The writer thinks it’s something only people like Ruth can afford to do | | B．The writer just wants to inform us of the different ways to practice charity | | C．The writer thinks it’s a virtue and admires the people who practice it | | D．The writer doesn’t make it clear in the story |
小题5:The underlined part in the last paragraph probably means that .| A．when you look back sometimes, you need stand out | | B．when you want to do something for others, you need stand out | | C．the moment you stand out, you can do something for others | | D．what impresses people deeply is what they have done for others |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:C
小题5:D |
解析
试题分析：慈善是一种美德，做慈善事业的人是令人尊敬的。慈善在西方有着更多更灵活的方式。一个人只有当他为别人着想时，他的人生才是有意义的。
小题1:根据“collects her post ...It’s from a charity asking Ruth to donate money to save the animals. ...She turns on the television, ...with an appeal for money to help the child ...to that evening’s large party for the rich and famous ...most of the money is going to a charity that fights AIDS”可知，Ruth检查慈善邮件，收看慈善电视节目，参加慈善晚会，文章没有提到为乞讨者捐款，故选D。
小题2:that raised US$300,000 to help researchers find a cure for SARS筹集了30万美元用于研制治疗SARS的药物，A收集，筹集；B捐赠；C增加；D引起注意，故选A。
小题3:根据“that raised US$300,000 to help...”可知，姚明筹集了30万美元，而不是他本人捐赠了30万美元；根据“Fundraising, or charity, is an act of goodwill towards others. Charities in the West have more flexible ways.”可知，Ruth只是乐于做慈善的一个例子，C、D与Ruth做慈善的意愿相违背；根据“Ruth has passed a charity shop ...it’s full of old, secondhand clothes ...Edna, a little old lady, looks after the shop. Any profit it has made goes to a cancer charity.”可知，Edna经营着一家慈善商店，出售二手旧衣服，所得的利润全部捐给做癌症研究的慈善事业，故选B。
小题4:根据最后一段“For people like Yao Ming, Ruth and Edna, charity is a virtue that holds the same importance in life as faith and hope.”可知，作者认为慈善是一种美德，作者佩服那些作慈善事业的人，故选C。
小题5:“As you look back on your life, the moments that stand out are the moments when you have done things for others,”当你回顾自己的一生时，你为他人所做的事情显得尤为突出。也就是说，最打动人心的是无私地帮助他人，故选D。 |
举一反三
You"re rushing to work and a man ahead of you falls down on the sidewalk. Do you stop to help? In a study of by-standers, it was found that some people keep on walking.
"There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed," says a psychologist, "In order to take action, you have to work against them." Here are some common thoughts that stop you from helping.
●Why should I be the one? I"m probably not the most able person in this crowd. You might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offer assistance.
●What if he doesn"t really need my help? The fear of embarrassment is powerful; no one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others.
●No one else looks concerned. We can follow the people around us, but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public.
"If you spot trouble and find yourself explaining inaction, force yourself to stop and figure out the situation instead of walking on," says the psychologist. "Then retry to involve other people; you don"t have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful. Sometimes it"s just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, "It looks like we should do something." Or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and, if not, to call for one. Once you take action, most people will follow you."
小题1:Which is NOT the common thought that stops you from helping others?| A．I"m not the very capable person. | | B．It looks like we should do something. | | C．No one else is concerned. | | D．He doesn"t really need my help. |
小题2:In order to offer your timely help, you need to .| A．go directly to the police station | | B．get along well with the passers-by who spot the trouble | | C．ask others for help and call the police | | D．work against the first thoughts that stop you from offering help |
小题3:The main purpose of the passage is to tell readers .| A．to give others a hand | B．to be more able | | C．to explain their inaction | D．to evaluate the situation |
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Although the U.S. is so big and its people have so many different ethnic (racial) backgrounds, it is in some ways less varied than Europe. The English language is used almost everywhere in its American form. The American way of speaking has developed independently of England and is on the whole closer to what can be heard in Ireland.
American instance of uniformity（一致性） is in habits and ways of living. From Boston to Los Angeles it is as far as from France to Central Asia, and from east to west there are five time zones; but everywhere people get up and go to bed at about the same time, eat the same kind of food, buy in the same kind of shops, work and rest at the same times of the day and have the same pattern of holidays. In most of the things that matter there is less difference between rich people and ordinary people, or between town and country, than in any single European nation.
Although the United States covers so much land and the land produces far more food than the present population needs, its people are by now almost entirely an urban society. Less than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture, and most of the rest live in or around towns, large and small. Here the traditional picture is changing; most Americans do not live in small towns any more. Half the population now live in some thirty metropolitan（大城市的） areas.
The fact that the United states has always been a single economic unit has contributed to uniformity. Modern industry favors large organizations, and it is no accident that the world’s biggest commercial firms are American. The people can choose between the products of competing manufacturers, but the products are all much alike.
小题1:In describing the uniformity in the U.S. the author does not mention that| A．the American people get up and go to work at the same time. | | B．the American people spend their holidays in the same pattern. | | C．the American people buy and eat the same kind of food. | | D．the American people have more or less the same income. |
小题2:What can we learn from the passage about the U.S. agriculture?| A．The American farmers need more land than before. | | B．More and more Americans are interested in farming. | | C．It is quite modernized. | | D．It is now going backward. |
小题3:What is the feature of the U.S. modern industry according to the last paragraph?| A．The production scale and the organizational scale are very big. | | B．It is a single economic unit that manufactures the same kind of products. | | C．There are more and more competing manufacturers. | | D．There are always a variety of products to choose from. |
小题4:What does “most of the things” in the second paragraph refer to? | A．food, clothing and houses. | | B．Cars, computers and TV sets. | | C．Their wealth and income. | | D．Land, housing and bank savings. |
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“You are going abroad and will live there? Oh, wonderful! You are so lucky.”
Perhaps your family and friends said similar things to you when you left home. But is it true all the time? Is your life in the new country always wonderful and exciting?
Specialists say that it isn’t that easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” (冲击) is the term specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. “There are three stages of culture shock,” say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers adapt to their surroundings and finally enjoy their life there.
Culture shock arises from many obvious factors. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems such as the telephone, post office, or transportation may be difficult to work out. Even the simplest things become headaches. Still worse, the language may be difficult.
Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity. They have to build a new selfimage.
Culture shock leads to a feeling of disorientation (迷惘). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create and escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long term solutions to the problem of culture shock.
小题1:When people move to a new country, they ________.| A．find their new life always wonderful and exciting. | | B．dislike the new surroundings from the beginning. | | C．quickly get accustomed to the new culture there. | | D．will get used to the new life with certain difficulty. |
小题2:Based on the passage, which of the following results from culture shock?| A．weather conditions and customs | | B．public service and transportation | | C．feeling homesick and disoriented | | D．language communication issues |
小题3:According to the passage, the more successful you are at home, ________.| A．the fewer difficulties you will meet with abroad | | B．the more problems you may have to face abroad | | C．the greater success you are likely to make abroad | | D．the less homesick you will eventually feel abroad |
小题4:Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?| A．Cultural shock affects and surprises those who live in a new culture. | | B．A new culture makes everything difficult except the simplest things. | | C．Since culture shock is painful, we can never get over it completely. | | D．Escaping by staying inside does solve the problem of culture shock. |
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People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behavior are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”．
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能)．
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists" view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US，for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
小题1:This passage is mainly concerned with ________. | A．relation between personality and behavior | | B．relation between behavior and environment | | C．different accounts of patterns of human behavior | | D．different theories of the formation of human behavior |
小题2:The underlined word “proponents” in Paragraph 2 means ________.| A．creators | B．advisors | C．advocates | D．judges |
小题3:In Paragraph 5, the author mainly writes about ________. | A．the considerable influence of the two theories | | B．differences between the blacks and whites | | C．racial discrimination in the United States | | D．different responds to intelligence tests |
小题4:What"s the author"s purpose in writing the passage? | A．To call our attention to the changes of human behavior. | | B．To urge scientists to do more research in social science. | | C．To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior. | | D．To present an argument in the field of social science. |
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A man sat at a metro station in Washington DC and started to play the violin; it was a cold January morning. He played six Bach pieces for about 45 minutes. During that time, since it was rush hour, 1,100 people went through the station, most of them on their way to work.
Three minutes went by, and a middle aged man noticed there was musician playing. He slowed his pace, and stopped for a few seconds, and then hurried up to meet his schedule.
A minute later, the violinist received his first dollar tip: a woman threw the money in the money box without stopping, and continued to walk.
A few minutes later, someone leaned against the wall to listen to him, but the man looked at his watch and started to walk again. Clearly he was late for work.
The one who paid the most attention was a 3-year-old boy. His mother tagged him along, hurried, but the kid stopped to look at the violinist. Finally, the mother pushed hard, and the child continued to walk, turning his head all the time. This action was repeated by several other children. All the parents, without exception, forced them to move on.
In the 45 minutes the musician played, only 6 people stopped and stayed for a while. About 20 gave him money, but continued to walk their normal pace. He collected $32. When he finished playing and silence took over, no one noticed it. No one applauded, nor was there any recognition.
No one knew this, but the violinist was Joshua Bell, one of the most talented musicians in the world. He had just played one of the most beautiful pieces ever written, on a violin worth $3.5 million dollars.
Two days before his playing in the subway, Joshua Bell sold out at a theater in Boston where the seats averaged $100.
This is a real story. Joshua Bell’s playing in the metro station was organized by the Washington Post as part of a social experiment.
The outlines were: in a common environment at an inappropriate hour: Do we enjoy beauty? Do we stop to appreciate it? Do we recognize the talent in an unexpected situation?
One of the possible conclusions from this experience could be: If we do not have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world playing the best music ever written, how many other things are we missing?”
小题1:Few people stopped to listen to Joshua Bell playing because______.| A．people were in a hurry | | B．they were not interested in music | | C．it was too cold in the subway | | D．the performance was not good enough |
小题2:When children stopped to look at the violinist, their parents ______.| A．would give him some money | | B．would stop to enjoy the music | | C．would applaud for the performance | | D．would urge them to continue walking |
小题3:Joshua Bell played in the metro station in order to ______.| A．make more money | | B．practice his skills in playing music | | C．made an advertisement for his concert | | D．find out people’s reaction under such a circumstance |
小题4:The purpose of the passage is to _____.| A．set us to think about our life | | B．show us how to play music | | C．tell us the importance of music | | D．report a subway performance |
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