Men and women are still treated unequally in the workplace. Women continue to ea

Men and women are still treated unequally in the workplace. Women continue to ea

题型:不详难度:来源:
Men and women are still treated unequally in the workplace. Women continue to earn less, on average, for the same performance. Research has shown that both conscious(有意识的) and subconscious biases (偏见) contribute to this problem. But we’ve discovered another source of inequality: Women often don’t get what they want and deserve because they don’t ask for it. In three separate studies, we found that men are more likely than women to negotiate for what they want.
The first study found that the starting salaries of male MBAs who had recently graduated from Carnegie Mellon were 7.6%, or almost $4,000, higher on average than those of female MBAs from the same program. That’s because most of the women had simply accepted the employer’s salary offer; in fact, only 7% had attempted to negotiate. But 57% of their male counterparts--or eight times as many men as women—had asked for more.
Another study tested this gender difference in the lab. Subjects were told that they would be observed playing a word game and that they would be paid between $3 and $10 for playing. After each subject completed the task, an experimenter thanked the participant and said, “Here’s $3. Is $3 OK?” For the men, it was not OK, and they said so. Their requests for more money are nine times as many as the women’s.
The largest of the three studies surveyed several hundred people over the Internet, asking them about the most recent negotiations they’d attempted or started and when they expected to negotiate next. The study showed that men place themselves in negotiation situations much more often than women do.
There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon. First, women often are taught from an early age not to promote their own interests and to focus instead on the needs of others. The messages girls receive—from parents, teachers, other children, the media, and society in general—can be so powerful that when they grow up they may not realize that they’ve made this behavior part of them, or they may realize it but not understand how it affects their willingness to negotiate. Women tend to think that they will be recognized and rewarded for working hard and doing a good job. Unlike men, they haven’t been taught that they can ask for more.
小题1:According to this passage, what causes the inequality in the workplace?
A.social bias
B.women’s poorer working ability
C.women’s worse academic background
D.women’s less negotiating
小题2:Which can be the result of the following survey, according to Para 4?
 
When do you expect to negotiate next?
小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Women are more likely to accept the employer’s salary offer.
B.Men tend to ask for more money than woman.
C.Women care more about other’s interest instead of themselves’.
D.Men believe that the better they work, the better they’re paid.
小题4:What will be discussed in the following paragraph?
A.The suggestions given to women.
B.The warnings to men.
C.Another reason for women’s not asking.
D.Another reason for men’s asking.

答案

小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:C
解析

试题分析:不管是有意的还是无意的,在工作场所仍然存在着男女不平等的现象,同等情况下,女士的报酬要低一些。但是通过调查,研究人员发现妇女没有得到她们应该得到的待遇,究其原因和她们自身不去要求,不去洽谈有关。
小题1:D细节理解题。根据文章第一段we’ve discovered another source of inequality:…… because they don’t ask for it. 以及we found that men are more likely than women to negotiate for what they want.可知妇女受到不平等待遇的原因之一是因为她们不去提出要求,不去协商,故答案选D。
小题2:A细节理解题。根据文章第四段末句The study showed that men place themselves in negotiation situations much more often than women do.可知男士比女士更经常去洽谈自己的待遇等问题,而图表A反映出的信息是绝大多数女士希望在四周内去进行协商,而男士却希望在一周内去进行洽谈,恰好能够反映此方面内容,故答案选A。
小题3:D从文章末段末句Unlike men, they haven’t been taught that they can ask for more. 可知女士们都认为努力工作自然就会得到认可,就会有好的回报,不像男孩子一样,她们没有被教给要自己去要求,自己去争取,由此可知男士们并不认为自己工作做的好报酬自然就会高,故D选项内容错误。
小题4:C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段There are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon. First…. 可知作者提出有几种原因来解释这种现象,但是末段只提到了第一种,由此推断在下面段落中作者还将介绍其他的原因,故答案选C。
举一反三
WHEN there are some strangers in front of us, which of them will we trust?
According to a new study in the online PLOS One, people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces. Your appearance can do a lot for you, especially if you are in the financial industry. The more trustworthy you look, the more likely people will buy what you’re selling.
Researchers from Britain’s University of Warwick Business School, University College London, and Dartmouth College, US, did a number of experiments.
The research team used computer software to make 40 faces, from the least to the most trustworthy-looking.
The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isn’t as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly angry or slightly happy, even when the face is at rest. However, a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.
Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest the money for them. Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces, and asked the participants again whom they trusted.
The results showed that even if they got different information, the participants didn’t change their choices. They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.
Chris Olivola, one of the study’s authors, said in the University of Warwick’s press release: “It seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts (本能) about whether we think someone looks like we can trust them. The temptation (诱惑) to judge strangers by their faces is hard to resist.”
小题1:Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage?
A.What kind of face do you trust?
B.Who did the experiments?
C.Why do you trust him or her?
D.Why did they do the experiments?
小题2:According to the study, which of the following faces is most likely to be trusted?
A.A sad face.B.A smiling face.
C.A crying face.D.An angry face.
小题3:Which of the following about the experiment is TRUE?
A.The trustworthy faces were given good information.
B.Researchers took photos of the 40 people’s faces in college.
C.Most participants gave their money to the trustworthy-looking faces.
D.Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.
小题4:What did the researchers learn from their experiment?
A.People can’t refuse temptations.
B.People always do things with their instincts.
C.People often judge strangers by their faces.
D.People don’t trust strangers with sad faces.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
A new study suggests that sad music might actually arouse positive emotions. The finding helps to explain why people enjoy listening to sad music, say Ai Kawakami and her colleagues from Tokyo University of the Arts and the RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan. Ai Kawakami and her colleagues asked 44 volunteers, including both musicians and nonspecialists, to listen to two pieces of sad music and one piece of happy music. Each participant was required to use a set of keywords to rate both their perception(观念) of the music and their own emotional state.
The sad pieces of music included Glinka’s La Separation in F minor and Blumenfeld’s Etude Sur Mer in G minor. The happy music piece was Granados’s Allegro de Concierto in G major. To control the “happy” effect of major key, they also played the minor key(小调) pieces in major key, and vise versa.
The researchers explained that sad music aroused contradictory emotions because the participants of the study tended to feel sad to be more tragic and less romantic than they felt themselves while listening to it.
“ In general, sad music causes sadness in listeners, and sadness is regarded as an unpleasant emotion. If sad music actually arouses only unpleasant emotion, we would not listen to it,” the researchers wrote in the study.
“Music that is believed as sad actually causes romantic emotion as well as sad emotion.And people, regardless of their musical training, experience this ambivalent(矛盾的) emotion to listen to the sad music,” added the researchers.
Also, unlike sadness in daily life, sadness experienced through art actually feels pleasant, possibly because the latter does not cause an actual threat to our safety. This could help people to deal with their negative emotions in daily life, concluded the authors.
“Emotion experienced by music has no direct danger or harm unlike the emotion experienced in everyday life. Therefore, we can even enjoy unpleasant emotion such as sadness. If we suffer from unpleasant emotion aroused through daily life, sad music might be helpful to alleviate negative emotion,” they added.
小题1: People enjoy listening to sad music because _______.
A.sad music may help arouse positive emotions
B.sad music can make people relax
C.Sad music has a positive effect on people’s health
D.many experts recommend people to listen to sad music
小题2:We can learn from the passage that _______.
A.sad music only causes sadness in listeners
B.Only musicians were invited to take part in the survey
C.The volunteers were asked to listen to three pieces of music in all
D.Granados’s Allegro de Concierto in G major can cause positive emotions
小题3:The underlined word “alleviate” in the last paragraph means “         ”.
A.addB.strengthenC.causeD.reduce
小题4:What is the main idea of this passage?
A.People should listen to sad music.
B.Happy music can make people sad.
C.Sad music may actually cause positive emotions.
D.Sad music is really bad to people.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Recently the busiest person on the Internet is absolutely Yuanfang, a fictional figure from the Chinese TV series “Detective Di Renjie”. In the TV series, Li was often asked by Di, “How do you see it, Yuanfang?” Then, the dialogues between them help advance the plot. Now, the casual pet phrase is used as many as 2.5 million times by netizens in a single day, according to statistics.
In fact, it is not the first popular sentence pattern on the Internet. Many other types of popular network words include those evolved from “the slogans of Vancl(凡客网)” and actor’s lines of “The Legend of Concubine Zhen Huan”.
The explosive spread of the sentence “How do you see it, Yuanfang?” again proved the vast power of the network spread. The appearance of a buzzword(流行词) on the Internet may be coincidental, but the spread of numerous buzzwords has started a social and cultural phenomenon. It is more noticeable that the spread is not a deliberate choice but by chance. Usually, everyone has known about it, except the one concerned.
The appearance of buzzwords is resulting from the agreement of netizens. If something is new and interesting enough, it will cause public attention.
The rise of these buzzwords also benefits from their strong “adhesive(粘着的) force”. After analyzing these buzzwords, we find that they have a common character, namely “novel in structure but empty in content”. Therefore, any concrete contents can be added in these buzzwords, creating fantastic results.
Taking the “Yuanfang-style” as an example, its popularity displayed a social mentality of questioning. Although it seems a little funny to ask “Yuanfang”, a fictional character, and some people even find it boring. This way of asking a question reveals a valuable quality-listening. The Internet provides a space for everyone to express their views, but it also causes controversies. What’s your opinion, Yuanfang?
小题1:We can learn from the passage that Yuanfang        .
A.is the busiest person in modern industrial societies
B.plays an important role in a Chinese TV series
C.is a fictional figure currently popular with netizens
D.starts a social and cultural phenomenon by himself
小题2:What does the underlined words “a deliberate choice” in Paragraph3 mean?
A.a choice made on purposeB.a choice made by accident
C.a choice done in personD.a choice done at ease
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The dialogues between Di Renjie and Yuanfang help understand the network buzzwords.
B.The “Yuanfang-style” suggests once again that the power of the network spread is quite vast.
C.The spread of numerous buzzwords has started a social development of structure and content.
D.The result of the netizens’ agreement directly leads to the rise of some socially strong problems.
小题4:What can we infer from the last passage?
A.People benefited from the Internet on which they can learn a lot about real society.
B.People learned about some controversies from the Internet and decided to deal with them.
C.People provided a space through which they can display their own criminal mentality.
D.People found out a place where they can question and express their different views.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Should students do the grading?
The Supreme Court says the practice doesn’t violate(侵犯) a student’s right to privacy, but is it right for students to grade one another?
Walter Potenza, California
The Supreme Court was absolutely correct to say it’s OK for students to grade one another’s homework, quizzes, and tests: in fact, it’s a great idea.
By grading one another’s papers and seeing the problems their classmates have, students double their exposure(暴露) to the troubles that they may meet on future exams and tests. Grading one another’s papers may be one of the best ways for students to reinforce within themselves the ways to master the most difficult parts of what they are learning.
Teachers are underappreciated and underpaid for the number of hours they have to work to be able to teach really well. Grading all their students’ papers can take hours. Some of that time and energy can be saved by spending a few minutes in class, while providing an extremely valuable learning experience.
I understand that some individuals are sensitive to their classmates seeing their work or grades. Any good teacher would be considerate of students who don’t want their classmates to grade their assignments.
Winston Smith, North Carolina
A girl moves back as her classmate announces her failing test grade and hands her the paper. The quiet classroom heats up.
With the increase in student grading over the past few years, scenes like this have become a bitter reality in schools across the nation. Teachers and schools should not advocate student grading and public announcement of grades because it provides a violation of privacy for students and causes unfair judgments and treatment by their classmates.
Since 1974, a law known as the Buckley Amendment has forbidden the release of education records in order to protect the privacy of students and their families. I strongly disagree with the Court’s ruling that this law does not include student grading.
I can think of no greater violation of privacy than the exposure of one’s personal information to a group of peers(同龄人). This can be very embarrassing. Releasing this sort of personal information should be avoided, especially by institutions that seek to provide a supportive environment during essential years of human development.
小题1:The underlined word “reinforce” has the same meaning as “_________”.
A.changeB.imagineC.strengthenD.create
小题2:Walter Potenza suggests that ______________.
A.teachers should set aside some time to grade students’ papers
B.the Supreme Court should do more research on students grading
C.teachers should guide students on how to grade homework
D.teachers should be careful not to hurt those sensitive students
小题3:By mentioning the example of a girl, Winston Smith wants to ____________.
A.show her weak points
B.criticize the student grader
C.tell us she is not a good student
D.present the negative effect of student grading
小题4:What does Winston Smith seem to agree?
A.Student grading is not related to families’ privacy.
B.The Supreme Court should change its decision.
C.The Buckley Amendment doesn’t apply to student grading.
D.Student grading is OK, but not public announcement of grades.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Tears came into this mother’s eyes when she talked about waking up her son. Every morning, her ten-year-old boy puts up one finger with his eyes still closed, begging for one more minute to sleep.
Why is he so sleepy? Because, like thousands of student “early birds” in China, he has to get up before 6 a.m. every morning.
School students usually need eight to ten hours’ sleep a night. But in Shanghai, it’s reported that 90% of the students do not get enough sleep. And studies show that without a good night’s sleep, students seem to be weaker than they should be. Many become near-sighted as a result.
Li Ming, a student at Qinghua High School, said that he usually goes to bed after 11 p.m. But when he has exams coming up, he can stay up as late as midnight. This “night bird” lifestyle has made many students nod off in class. Li Ming said that it is during afternoon classes that he feel most sleepy. “My parents are usually happy to see me studying so late,” he said. “They think I work very hard and they make me cups of coffee.”
However, not all parents are happy about this. “My daughter gets up so early. She looks tired and it really hurts me.” said one of the parents. Why don’t so many students get enough sleep? Now many members of society began to think about it.
小题1:Why did the ten-year-old boy’s mother talk about waking up her son with tears in her eyes?
A.Because her son’s lack of sleep hurt her but she had to wake him up.
B.Because her son wasn’t good at lessons.
C.Because she thought her son was too lazy.
D.Because her son was badly ill.
小题2:Which is NOT the result of lack of sleep?
A.The body’s weakness.B.Nodding off in class.
C.Near-sighted eyes.D.Poor academic developments.
小题3:How does Li Ming’s mother feel to see him studying late?
A.Sorry.B.Worried.C.Not unhappy.D.Angry.
小题4:Which one is True according to the passage?
A.All the parents hope their children stay up.
B.No students complain about their lack of sleep.
C.Most students watch TV or play computer games deep into night.
D.Some parents are worried about the fact that most of the students don’t have enough sleep.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
最新试题
热门考点

超级试练试题库

© 2017-2019 超级试练试题库,All Rights Reserved.