Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existenc
题型：不详难度：来源：
Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existence, it’s nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her.
This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy 礼貌、谦让) and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves “First come, first severed”, while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child stands? Yet this is all too often seen.
Older people, tired and quick-tempered from a day"s work, are not angels, either-far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but on does feel there is just a little more excuse.
If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative（迫切的）, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistant"s won"t bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration（恶化）.
小题1:What is the writer"s opinion concerning courteous manners towards women?| A．Since women have claimed equality, they no longer need to be treated differently from men. | | B．It is generally considered old-fashioned for young men to give up their seats to young women. | | C．"Lady First" should be universally practiced. | | D．Special consideration ought to be shown to them. |
小题2:According to the passage communication between human beings would not be smoother unless ________.| A．people were more considerate towards each other | | B．people were not so tired and quick-tempered | | C．women were treated with more courtesy | | D．public transport could be improved. |
小题3:The author probably does NOT agree that in big cities _______.| A．Life will be even worse if no change is made | | B．transport conditions are rather poor | | C．it’s not uncommon to see people quarrel in public places | | D．it’s unreasonable to require the tired people to be polite |
小题4:The main purpose of the author is to ________.| A．call on people in big cities to pay more attention to politeness | | B．blame the schoolboys’ rude behavior towards elderly women on the tube or bus | | C．criticize the fast pace of city life | | D．tell young men to give their seats to elderly people |
小题5:How could you describe the tone of this passage? | A．acceptable | B．opponent | | C．negative | D．encouraging |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:D |
解析
本篇为议论文，谈论的是大城市人们缺乏礼貌，道德标准下降的问题。文章第一句就指出了大都市里礼貌几乎荡然无存了。第二、三、四段则详细论述了这种情况。最后作者呼吁人们应该做点什么使人们的交往和谐客气一些，不要让城市居住环境继续恶化。
小题1:细节理解题。第二段第一句说很多年轻男子认为既然女性已经要求平等，出来工作了，在公共场合就不应再受到特别的礼遇。第二句就说女性从来没有宣称她们和男人一样强壮。而接下来文章又提到还是应该对那些年老的，病弱的和负重的人礼貌，可知作者是不同意那些年轻人的观点的。本题易误选B。
小题2:细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到人们之间的交往应该和谐客气，但是人们似乎都太疲乏太匆忙以致无法礼貌些。后面列举了些例子。由最后一段第二句可知B不对；C只是人们礼貌的一部分，不全面；交通状况不好并不能作为借口，所以D也不对。
小题3:细节理解题。作者在倒数第二段中说大人们一天工作后，又累又烦，在挤公车时很容易就发生争执，甚至吵架，但是在倒数第三段中又说到交通状况很差，但是不应作为不礼貌的借口。由此可知B、C都是作者同意的；最后一段第一句表明了A也是作者所同意的观点。
小题4:主旨大意题。文章第一句就指出大都市里礼貌几乎荡然无存了。然后列举种种状况。文章最后作者希望那些年轻力壮的人尽他们的小职责来阻止这种恶化。通读全文可知作者的目的还是在呼吁大城市里的人们更注意礼貌。B、C偏离了原文主旨；D不全面。
小题5:态度判断题。由文末的点睛之笔可知作者的最终态度仍是从正面激励人们去提高社会道德意识。 |
举一反三
If you travel around the world , you will be surprised to find just how different the foreign customs can be from your own .
A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table . The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself . Also in India , you might see a man apparently shaking his head at another and assume that he is disagreeing . But in many parts of India a shake of the head is a gesture that shows agreement of acceptance .
Nodding your head when offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty . In that country you shake your head to indicate “yes” —a nod indicates “no”. The Arabs are known for their hospitality . At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula , you will find that any drinking vessel （容器，器皿）is repeatedly refilled as soon as you drink it up .
In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when sitting talking to someone , even at an important meeting . Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand , however , could cause offence . It is too informal an attitude for such an occasion . Also when in Thailand you are not supposed to touch the head of an adult —it’s just not done . In Japan , it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainments for themselves and leave their wives at home . In Europe such attitudes are disappearing .
Customs vary from country to country . Visitors may be at a loss as to what to do in a foreign environment . In such circumstances , the golden rule to follow is : When in Rome , do as the Romans do .
60．In which country , a left — hand is not welcomed ? .
A．ThailandB．India C Arabic peninsula D．Bulgaria
61．In which country , if someone shakes his head at another , it shows that he agrees or accepts ?
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A．BulgariaB．ThailandC．China D．Arabic Peninsula
62．Which of the following is impolite in Europe ? .
A．to cross your legs
B．to touch the head of an adult
C．That men plan evening entertainment and leave their wives at home
D．To drain the glass in your hand
63．If you don’t know the customs in the country where you visit , the golden rule to follow is .
A．to do as the Romans doB．to do nothing
C．to visit Rome onlyD．to do as the natives do |
To Design Perfect School Uniforms设计完美的校服
题材：文化教育难度：＊＊＊＊词数：381标准时间：15分钟完成时间：______ 正确数：______
Believe it or not, there are good reasons for wearing a school uniform. It makes you 1__ proud of your school. It builds a common spirit of unity (整体) among students and 2 them of the values and history of their school. But for most students, school uniforms are not something to be proud of 3 .
“Why 4 the school uniform just one day a week? Always wearing the same clothes makes me feel boring,” a senior student from a high school complained (抱怨). “I don’t like the big English letters of the name of our school on the back,” said a junior student “They could be __5 .” The main student complaints about school uniforms are: simple colors, boring designs and bad 6 . And a teacher at a middle school in Guangzhou said that 7 a teacher and a mother, she eagerly 8 the quality of school uniforms will be improved soon.
What has caused all these problems? Chen Hong, a uniform designer in Shenzhen, pointed out that problems 9 because the whole society doesn’t see the 10 of the school uniform.
“Most designers are 11 to stick to the same old fashion, 12 _ there are no professionals (专业人员) 13 work for students,” Chen said.
His company 14 most of the awards in the first national competition for school uniforms last month in Nanning, Guangxi.
“Besides, high quality calls for a high price,” said Chen. “But in some schools, the annual (一年一度) expense for each student’s uniform is only 50 to 60 yuan. How can we produce high quality clothes with so 15 money?”
Even with these problems, efforts have been made 16 the situation, according to Zhai Shiliang, 17 of the School Uniform Administration and Service Center in Beijing. A school clothes competition was held in April in Beijing. Thirty-seven uniforms, 18 in schools next spring, were selected from 570. “We will offer the samples (样品) for schools to choose,” Zhai said.
“The perfect uniform should remind the students of the school’s honor and cause them to be proud of it 19 they are,” Chen said. Zhai added, “During the 2008 Olympic Games, the whole world will see the new appearance of our 20 century young generation with new school uniforms.”
| 小题1: | | A．take | B．feel | C．to take | D．to feel |
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| 小题2: | | A．remains | B．remember | C．reminds | D．recalls |
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| 小题3: | | A．at all | B．in all | C．for all | D．after all |
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| 小题4: | | A．not to wear | B．to wear | C．not wear | D．wear |
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| 小题5: | | A．large | B．larger | C．small | D．smaller |
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| 小题6: | | A．quantity | B．amount | C．quality | D．unit |
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| 小题8: | | A．wishes | B．needs | C．wants | D．hopes |
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| 小题9: | | A．come through | B．come up | C．come in | D．come on |
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| 小题10: | | A．importance | B．important | C．design | D．possibility |
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| 小题11: | | A．like | B．possibly | C．unlikely | D．likely |
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| 小题12: | | A．if | B．although | C．because | D．because of |
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| 小题14: | | A．won | B．has won | C．wins | D．had won |
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| 小题15: | | A．few | B．little | C．much | D．many |
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| 小题16: | | A．improve | B．develop | C．change | D．to change |
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| 小题17: | | A．a head | B．the head | C．Head | D．head |
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| 小题18: | | A．being seen | B．to be seen | C．to see | D．will be seen |
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| 小题19: | | A．whenever and wherever | B．when and where | | C．what and who | D．whatever and whoever |
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I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-lime and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it didn’t bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards-was viewed through the lens of gender(性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture(培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
1. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A. She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B. She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination
C. She is not good at telling stories of the kind
D. She finds space research more important
2. Form Para 3, we can infer that people would attribute (归结于) the author’s failures to___
A. the very fact that she is a woman
B. her involvement in gender politics
C. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D. the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
3. How does the author feel when talking about her class?
A. worried B. satisfied C. excited D. concerned
4. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A. Women students needn’t have the concerns of the generation
B. women have more barriers on their way to academic success
C. Women can balance a career in science and having a family
D. Women now have fewer problems in pursuing a science career |
Some kids start to drink alcohol (酒精) at a young age. They think it is part of becoming an adult. They also think drinking is not that bad because so many people do it. They feel it is not as bad as taking drugs (毒品). It is easy for kids to get liquor （酒精饮料）by using fake identification (伪造证件).
Parents may start to notice a change in their child’s behavior if the child starts drinking. Kids who drink sometimes stop doing things they normally liked to do. They may keep telephone calls and meetings a secret and not want anybody to touch their things. They act moody (喜怒无常) and do not have the same eating and sleeping habits.
Parents need to stay involved (牵涉) in their kids’ lives. They should talk to their children about their problems to be aware of any changes.
Parents can be the best protection. Children who get a lot of love can feel good about themselves. It helps them resist（抵抗） doing bad things even when other kids are doing them. Parents can also help set a good example by not drinking and driving. They can have firm rules in the home that everyone follows.
Give the children good ideas on how to say “no” to drinking, even when they are at a party. Try not to overreact or panic (惊慌) if the child tries alcohol. How you handle it can affect their attitude. It may be helpful to talk to other parents about setting up curfews (宵禁令) and rules about parties or other events.
小题1:Which of the following is NOT the reason why some kids have an early start of drinking?| A．They want to show their maturity (成熟) by drinking alcohol. | | B．Drinking alcohol is much cooler than taking drugs. | | C．They are affected by many other people around them. | | D．They can get liquor easily. |
小题2:According to the passage, what changes may happen to the kids who start drinking?| A．Nothing serious will happen to them. | | B．They keep the same eating and sleeping habits. | | C．They can control their moods quite well. | | D．Sometimes they act secretly. |
小题3:According to the writer, if parents find their children try alcohol, they had better ________.| A．punish them at once | | B．ask the police for help | | C．ask their children’s friends for help | | D．set up curfews and rules about parties or other events with other parents |
小题4:Which is the main subject discussed in the passage?
Teen health. B. Teen education.
Teen drinking D. Parents’ worries. |
We may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until whatever we"ve become used to suddenly disappears. 36 , for example, the neatly-dressed woman I 37 to see -- or look at -- on my way to work each morning.
For three years, no matter 38 the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00 am. On 39 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime 40 out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. 41 , she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I 42 all this only after she was seen no more. It was then that I realized how 43 I expected to see her each morning. You might say I 44 her.
“Did she have an accident? Something 45 ?” I thought to myself about her 46 . Now that she was gone, I felt I had 47 her. I began to realize that part of our 48 life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar 49 : the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who 50 walks her dog along the street every morning, the twin brothers you see at the library. Such people are 51 markers in our lives. They add weight to our 52 of place and belonging.
Think about it. 53 , while walking to work, we mark where we are by 54 a certain building, why should we not mark where we are when we pass a familiar, though 55 , person?
36. A. Make B. Take C. Give D. Have
37. A. happened B. wanted C. used D. tried
38. A. what B. how C. which D. when
39. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy
40. A. took B. brought C. carried D. turned
41. A. Clearly B. Particularly C. Luckily D. Especially
42. A. believed B. expressed C. remembered D. wondered
43. A. long B. often C. soon D. much
44. A. respected B. missed C. praised D. admired
45. A. better B. worse C. more D. less
46. A. disappearance B. appearance C. misfortune D. fortune
47. A. forgotten B. lost C. known D. hurt
48. A. happy B. enjoyable C. frequent D. daily
49. A. friends B. strangers C. tourists D. guests
50. A. regularly B. actually C. hardly D. probably
51. A. common B. pleasant C. important D. faithful
52. A. choice B. knowledge C. decision D. sense
53. A. Because B. If C. Although D. However
54. A. keeping B. changing C. passing D. mentioning
55. A. unnamed B.unforgettable C. unbelievable D. unreal |
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