Who are these people rushing by you in the street? More than 215 million people

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Who are these people rushing by you in the street? More than 215 million people now call America “home”, but most of them can trace their families back to other parts of the world. If you look at the names on shop windows, you will see that Americans come from many different lands. The idea that these people, who once were strangers to the United States, have lost the customs and cultures of their original countries and have become “American” is really not true. In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of “side-by-side” living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits. They join the general American society only in certain areas of their lives—such as in schools, business, and sports—but they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home. This living “side-by-side” has both advantages and disadvantages. Sometimes it may cause disagreements to develop between groups whose ways of life are very different from one another. However, there are also great advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by settlers from other lands. There is great freedom of choice among ideas and dress, food, and social customs in America. Everyone can find some part of his or her familiar world in the United States, in churches, music, food, national groups, or newspapers.
6. More than 215 million people call America “home” because_______.
A. they buy their houses there              B. they settle there now
C. they get married there                  D. they were born there
7. “Side-by-side” living style means _______.
A. making friends with native people
B. keeping their own customs while sharing American ones in certain areas
C. the groups of people who live nearby
D. that they get closer to American society
8. According to the passage, people in the USA ________.
A. share American customs and culture
B. live in a kind of “side-by-side” society
C. keep their own customs and habits firmly
D. make no choice to accept American customs
9. Which of the following statements is true?
A. They always stick to their own customs and habits.
B. “Side-by-side” living style is not suitable.
C. They face the society they are not familiar with.
D. The advantages coming from the variety of cultures make life in America colorful.
10. Which title of the following can best take the place of “Different Cultures in America”?
A. Advantages and Disadvantages.       B. Different Customs and Habits.
C. Home for the People.               D. “Side-by-side” Living Style in America.

答案

6-10 BBBDD

解析

6. 选B。推理判断题。从However, there are also great advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by setters from other lands可知以美国为家的人主要是已经定居在美国，即答案选B。
7. 选B。推理判断题。从They join the general American society only in certain areas of their lives—such as in schools, business, and sports—but they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home. This living “side-by side” has both advantages and disadvantages (他们在某些方面融入美国社会，但他们同时也保留自己民族的文化和风俗)可知答案B正确。
8. 选B。事实细节题。从In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of “side-by-side” living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits可知答案B正确。
9. 选D。

推理判断题。从文章最后对多种文化并存优点的分析，可推知这种局面使生活在那里的异国人可以自由选择生活方式，使生活丰富有色彩，故答案选D。
10. 选D。主旨大意题。文章主要讲了美国多种文化并存的原因及优缺点，故最佳标题为D。

举一反三

The impression you make at the beginning of an interview is very important. Employers often decide to hire someone in the first three minutes of the interview. They judge you by your appearance, attitude (态度) and manners.
A friendly smile when you walk into the room is important. A smile shows a confident (自信的) and positive attitude.
When you introduce yourself, make eyes contact with the interviewer. Some interviewers offer a handshake. Others don’t.
Try to be as natural as possible. But pay attention to your body language. The way you sit, walk, gesture, use your voice and show feeling on your face are all parts of your body language. It makes the interviewer know how you feel about yourself and the situation you are in. Are you feeling positive about yourself? Your abilities? Your interest in the job?
Speak clearly and loudly enough. Show interest and enthusiasm in your voice. When you speak, look at the interviewer. Also don’t say negative things about yourself, or former employers.
Listen to questions carefully. If you don’t understand a question, ask the interviewer to repeat or explain.
"I’m sorry, but I didn’t catch that."
"I’m not sure exactly what you mean."
Almost everyone is nervous in a job interview. Interviewers know that. They don’t expect you to be totally calm and relaxed. But they expect you to try to control your nervousness. They expect you to show confidence in your ability to do the job.
At the end of the interview, thank the interviewer for her or him. It’s a good idea to send a short thank-you letter right after the interview, or deliver it by hand.
Phone the company if you have not heard anything after one week. Ask if they have make a decision about the job.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. you should always put on a smile when meeting the employer
B. you should stand still with respect before the employer
C. the first impression is very important in an interview
D. employers understand and like employees’ nervousness
2. Why should we pay attention to our body language?
A. Because it can help us win the employer’s positive impression.
B. Because it can help us feel about the employer.
C. Because it is needed by our employer.
D. Because we need it to improve our feeling.
3. The main purpose of the passage is ________.
A. to give you some advice on the art of finding a job
B. to tell from wrong about job interviews
C. to explain why we should do something about an interview
D. to suggest not being shy in an interview
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. A Friendly Smilew。 B. Making a Good Impression
C. Don’t Be Nervousw。D. Sending a Thank-You Letter

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When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions:
Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experience.
Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person’s perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by some. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
Sometimes we see only what we want to see what may be obverse to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus—“He’s basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information—“All kids get into mischief(顽皮). Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We call change the meaning of the contradictory information—“It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”..
1.While observing a particular person,        .
A.one is likely to take all aspects into consideration
B.one pays more attention to his or her advantages
C.children often differ from gownups in perception
D.one tends to choose certain cues to look for
2.Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because         .
A.their yardsticks are not the same
B.either of them may be slow to catch information
C.the time for observations is not long enough
D.each of them uses different language to express his or her impressions
3.The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 4 means to         .
A.understand something                          B.try to do something
C.pay no attention to something                   D.know something better
4.The worst thing in selective perception is that         .
A.perceived information runs against your desire
B.facts can be totally ignored and distorted
C.importance of contradictory information can be overrated
D.the same information may not be dealt with in the same way

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While drunken driving may be on the decline, traffic safety experts remain puzzled over how to deal with another alcoholrelated danger: drunken pedestrains.
Pedestrians struck and killed by cars often are extremely drunk. In fact, they are intoxicated more frequently-and with higher bloodalcohol levels-than drunken drivers who are killed in accidents, various studies have shown. Forty percent of adult pedestrians involved in fatal crashes have a bloodalcohol level of at least 0.10-which by law in most states signifies intoxication-compared to only 25 percent of drivers in deadly accidents, according to recent federal data.
Some types of pedestrain accidents have been declining nationally, especially those involving children, but the number of adult pedestrians who are drunk when killed in traffic has remained relatively steady at 2500 a year. The total number of pedestrians killed annually in U.S. traffic accidents is at least 7000, or one of every seven highway accidents resulting in death.
“We’re dealing here, we think, with a very severe drinking problem that leads to a severe highway safety problem,” said Richard Blomberg, president of Dunlap and Associates Inc, in Norwalk, Coon.
Blomberg, whose consulting company found a very high rate of alcohol involvement in a controlled study of pedestrian accidents in New Orleans, was among several researchers who spoke on the topic at the annual meeting of the Research council’s Transportation Research Board(TRB) in Washington in January.
Pedestrian accidents have not received enough attention in the past, according to Kay Colpitts, who chairs the board’s committee on pedestrians. Few methods exist to monitor walking habits, she said, and researchers have been mystified about how to prevent disasters.
5.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Traffic Safety.                   B.Drunken Drivers.
C.Drunken Pedestrian Accidents.     D.A Severe Highway Safety problem.
6.Among the causes of walkers’ accidents, the most serious problem is .
A.long delays in traffic signals that may make people cross streets without paying attention to traffic rules
B.alcohol
C.a lack of adult keeping eyes on many children involved in accidents
D.former drunken drivers whose licenses are not allowed to use for a time
7.According to recent federal data, drunken drivers with an over 0.10 bloodalcohol level in deadly accidents .
A.are 15 percent less than drunken adult walkers with the same level
B.are 2500 a year
C.are at least 7000 in US traffic accidents
D.make up oneseventh of highway accidents
8.According to the passage, what is Blomberg?
A.A researcher.                        B.A specialist in traffic safety.
C.A clerk of a consulting company.        D.A government official

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Never in the history of Sierra Leone’s elections have women so actively engaged in politics or competed for parliamentary seats. In the past, women did the dancing and cooking for elections campaigning. In the May 14th elections, we saw over 168 women candidates competitive for President, Vice President and Parliamentary seats.
One would think that about 5% of these women would have emerged as winners. But it was not so, because of our cultural perception of women. We need to change our culture. Women could be active politicians. The Christians in their own way encouraged women to be preachers(传教士) but the Muslim leaders say women should not head for officiating(主持) prayers.
The same happens in certain parts of the country where women are not part of decision taken in male secret societies. This prevents them from achieving some of their goals. A senior head in one of the ministries told me that she was getting problems with some of her staff members especially the male staff. Most women that come from the Northern part of country experience such problems. Some men are saying that a woman cannot be their leader.
Some women are also prejudiced against their women folks. In the last elections, most woman did not support their colleagues. In some parts of the country, because they are not members of secret societies they were not allowed to contest for chieftaincies (酋长或首领的位置). However, Sierra Leones not withstanding the cultural prejudice against women has witnessed women occupying high public offices. They have been appointed to head certain areas.
Sierra Leone is moving from its past culture. We need a change in our culture. Women all over the world are recognized one way or the other as they are now involved in the use of technology. We now see women as air pilots, and they even attempt to go to travel in space.
9.In the past, women in Sierra Leone .       .
A.took active part in politics                     B.contested for parliamentary seats
C.danced and cooked for the election campaigning D.shared the equal rights with men
10.About 5% of the women engaged in election would have succeeded if .       .
A.there were less prejudice against women          B.less Muslim leaders had objected
C.more women had been engaged in the election     D.more preachers had supported them
11.The author concludes that the women candidates can’t win the competitive vote because .
A.women is more suitable for the dancing and cooking job
B.women candidates can’t get the support of their folks
C.women prejudice still exists in today’s society
D.women are not capable enough to be a chieftain
12.The main idea of the passage is .
A.the prejudice against women in various fields
B.women in Sierra Leone, striving for their political rights
C.women in Sierra Leone, challenge for men’s status
D.women in Sierra Leone, being involved in politics

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Most British telephone cards are just plain green, but card collecting is becoming a popular hobby in Britain and collectors even have their own magazine, International Telephone Cards. One reason for their interests is that cards from around the world come in a wide variety of different and often very attractive design. There are 100, 000 different cards in Japan alone, and there you can put your own design onto a bank card simply by using a photograph or a business card.
The first telephone cards, produced in 1976, were Italian. Five years later the first British telephone cards appeared, and now you can buy cards in more than a hundred countries. People usually start collecting cards because they are attractive, small and light, and they do not need much space. It is also a cheap hobby for beginners, although for some people it becomes a serious business. In Paris, for example, there is a market where you can buy only telephone cards, and some French cards cost up to 4,000 pounds. The first Japanese card has a value of about 28,000 pounds. Most people only see cards with prices like these in their collectors’ magazine.
1. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the history of phone cards           B. phone cards collecting as a hobby
C. reasons for phone cards collecting     D. the great variety of phone cards
2. When did people in Britain begin to use phone cards?
A. In 1971.            B. In 1975.            C. In 1976.            D. In 1981.
3. The main reason for most people to collect phone cards is that ______.
A. they find the cards beautiful and easy to keep
B. they like to have something from different countries
C. they want to make money with cards
D. they think the cards are convenient to use
4. The writer mentions a market in Paris in order to show that
A. card collecting is popular among young people
B. French and Japanese cards are the most valuable
C. people can make money out of card collecting
D. card collectors’ magazines are very useful

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