“Indeed”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly,or bug,h

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“Indeed”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly,or bug,h

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“Indeed”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the Enlish were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to be the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burlar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant “to cheat”,and since the 1994s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw n a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Tomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of stdy and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering′a bug′ in his invented record player.”
小题1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that         .
A．American had difficulty in learning to use the word “bug”.
B．George Washinton was the first person to call the insect a bug.
C．the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century.
D．both the Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the gighteen century.
小题2:What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph mean？
A．Explanation.
B．Finding.
C．Origin.
D．Fault.
小题3:The passage is mainly concerned with         .
A．the misunderstanding of thr word bug
B．the deveopment of the word bug
C．the public views of the word bug
D．the special characteristics of the word bug

答案

小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:B
解析

【文章大意】这是一篇叙述英语习语的小短文。主要叙述英语习语a littl bug的语义演变过程。
小题1:根据文章的第一段第三句话进行选择。
小题2:根据文章的最后一句话进行推断。
小题3:根据文章中的几个时间和bug含义的变化进行推断。
举一反三
Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization   50  for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce   51  in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth   52  to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes   53  at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who   54  globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses.   55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in   56  open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually   57  the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually   58  from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind.   59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to   60  their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of   61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to   62  and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no   63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The   64  now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.                                                  (347 words)
小题1:
A．possibleB．smoothC．goodD．easy
小题2:
A．crimeB．povertyC．conflictD．population
小题3:
A．contributingB．respondingC．turningD．owing
小题4:
A．remainB．dropC．shiftD．increase
小题5:
A．doubtB．defineC．advocateD．ignore
小题6:
A．In additionB．For instanceC．In other wordsD．All in all
小题7:
A．matureB．newC．localD．foreign
小题8:
A．findingB．exploringC．bridgingD．widening
小题9:
A．sufferedB．profitedC．learnedD．withdrawn
小题10:
A．FurthermoreB．ThereforeC．HoweverD．Otherwise
小题11:
A．consumeB．deliverC．exportD．advertise
小题12:
A．troubleB．businessC．powerD．mind
小题13:
A．keep upB．come inC．go aroundD．help out
小题14:
A．taking offB．getting alongC．holding outD．turning back
小题15:
A．agreementB．predictionC．outcomeD．challenge

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It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.
Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.
Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the English. Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.
小题1:The author mentions Dr. Johnson’s comment to show that______.
A．most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson
B．Dr. Johnson is famous for his weather observation
C．the comment was accurate two hundred years ago
D．English conversations usually start with the weather
小题2:What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?
A．A social trend.
B．An emotional state.
C．A historical concept.
D．An unknown phenomenon.
小题3:According to the passage, Jeremy Paxman believes that______.
A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather
B．there is nothing special about the English weather
C．the English weather attracts people to the British Isles
D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty
小题4:What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To explain what English weather-speak is about.
B．To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.
C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.
D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.

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The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance
Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronest.
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh
Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10anm to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk). Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus(8-minute walk).
小题1:In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?
A．The 13th
B．The 17th
C．The 18th
D．The 20th
小题2:Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?
A．In the East Wing.
B．In the main West Wing.
C．In the Sainsbury Wing.
D．In the North Wing.
小题3:Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?
A．Piccadilly Circus.
B．Leicester Square.
C．Embankment.
D．Charing Cross.

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Guide to Stockholm University Library
Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.
Zones
The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.
Computers
You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.
Group-study Places
If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.
There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.
Storage of study material
The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits (学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.
Rules to be followed
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.
Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.
小题1:The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to ______.
A．read in a quiet place
B．have group discussions
C．take comfortable seats
D．get their computers fixed
小题2: Library computers on the ground floor ______.
A．help students with their field experiments
B．contain software essential for schoolwork
C．are for those who want to access the wi-fi
D．are mostly used for filling out application forms
小题3:What condition should be met to book a group-study room?
A．A group must consist of 8 people.
B．Three-hour use per day is the minimum.
C．One should first register at the university.
D．Applications must mark the room on the map.
小题4:A student can rent a locker in the library if he ______.
A．can afford the rental fee
B．attends certain courses
C．has nowhere to put his books.
D．has earned the required credits
小题5:What should NOT be brought into the library?
A．Mobile phones
B．Orange juice
C．Candy
D．Sandwiches

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In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an intemational festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon,groups of studentsfirstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”,once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1,25 million tickets were sold.
小题1:Point was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at he beginning?
A．To bring Europe together again.
B．To honor heroes of World War 11.
C．To introduce young theatre groups.
D．To attract great artists from Europe.
小题2:Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to  Edinburgh in 1947?
A．They owned a public house there.
B．They came to take up a challenge.
C．They thought they were also famous.
D．They wanted to take part in the festival.
小题3:Who joined the "Fringe" after it appeared?
A．they owned a public house there
B．University students.
C．人rusts from around the world.
D．Performers of music and dance.
小题4:We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival.
A．has become a non-official event
B．has gone beyond an art festival
C．gives shows all year round
D．keeps growing rapidly

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