URBANA, ILL. (AP)--Mike dropped out of college to support his pregnant(***的) gir
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URBANA, ILL. (AP)--Mike dropped out of college to support his pregnant(***的) girlfriend and now works as a manager of a trucking company, Lynn graduated with honors from Harvard University and was hired as a lawyer with a top law firm in a major city. What do these two people have in common? Ten years ago they were both high school valedictorians (致告别辞者).
A University of Illinois study follows the lives of 81 valedictorians and salutatorians (致词的学生代表) who graduated a decade ago from public and private high schools in the state.
Tales of Success and Failure
The study found tales of success and failure. The research on 46 women and 35 men found that some were doctors and scientists, one was a drug addict, another was a waitress with emotional problems.
"There is a popular idea about people who do well in school doing well in life," said Terry Denny, professor of education. Denny conducted the study with Karen Arnold, a former graduate student of Denny" s who is now a professor at Boston College. Denny and Arnold contacted the 81 students before graduation, and then followed up with interviews nearly every other year. They also sent them questionnaires in the mail.
Varied Careers
One-third of the students are lawyers, or have a doctorate. Nineteen are in business and 15 are engineers or computer scientists. Others include a farmer, a stock broker, and an aerobics instructor.
Arnold says many of the students have only average positions in the work world and that "most are not headed for greatness in their careers." Denny, however, says that it is too early to make such predictions. "Who expects someone to be on the Supreme Court at the age of 28 or to be the discoverer of an important scientific invention right after college?" he said. "These students are just getting started in life. They are just beginning to find out what life is all about."
小题1:What can we conclude from Paragraph 1?| A．Mike got married before he went to college. | | B．Lynn was honored by a law firm in the city. | | C．Mike was not so lucky as Lynn after graduating from college. | | D．Mike and Lynn both graduated first in their high school class. |
小题2:According to the article Denny is probably older than Arnold because .| A．Denny was her professor | | B．Arnold did well at school. | | C．Denny interviewed some students | | D．Arnold helped Denny in the research |
小题3:What is probably the best title for the article?| A．Successful Careers for College Graduates | | B．Success in Education Predicts Success in Later Life | | C．High School Honors Not Always Key to Life Success | | D．A study on Successful Jobs and College Graduates |
小题4:Who probably wrote this article?| A．College graduates | B．Reporters | | C．Professors and researchers | D．Teachers |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
文章讲述了一系列的研究结果，通过数据发现优秀的高中的毕业生在生活中未必能取得成功。
小题1:推理题。根据第一段最后一句Ten years ago they were both high school valedictorians (致告别辞者).可知既然能在毕业典礼上致告别辞，说明他们当时都很优秀。
小题2:细节题。根据第四大段的第2,3行Denny conducted the study with Karen Arnold, a former graduate student of Denny" s who is now a professor at Boston College.
小题3:主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知通过一系列的跟踪研究，发现优秀的高中的毕业生在生活中未必能取得成功。
小题4:推理题。根据文章第一行URBANA, ILL. (AP)，这样的标题是新闻报道，那么应该是记者写的。 |
举一反三
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It selves directly to bring about a rapid sale of goods at reasonable prices, so setting up a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at good prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps greatly to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it causes an increased need for labor, and is therefore a nice way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television program would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or subway would cost more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a promise of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Besides the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for the public has the good sense not to buy the poor article more than once. If you see an article frequently advertised, it is the proof I know that the article does what is promised for it, and that it has good value.
Advertising does more for the good of the public than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television person declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was telling us the real difference. Of course advertising tries to persuade.
If its message were nothing but information, that would be difficult to get more people to buy, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is a bit persuasive-advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television person wants.
小题1:By the first sentence of the passage the writer means that . | A．he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising | | B．everybody knows well that advertising is a waste of money | | C．advertising costs more money than everything else | | D．money spent on advertising is worth while |
小题2:In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?| A．Getting greater fame. | B．Providing more jobs. | | C．Raising living standards. | D．Reducing newspaper cost. |
小题3:The author thinks that the well-known TV person is .| A．quite right in passing his judgment on advertising | | B．interested in nothing but the buyer’s attention | | C．correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information | | D．obviously unfair in his views on advertising |
小题4:In the author’ opinion . | A．advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information | | B．advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over | | C．there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer | | D．the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement |
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In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities (品质) of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person"s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults (过错) in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on (信赖) a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience (经验) and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor (幽默), too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I"ve found a friend!
小题1:Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?| A．understanding. | B．honesty. | | C．reliability. | D．a sense of humor. |
小题2:If you have fair-weather friends, ______ .| A．they will give you all that they have when you need help | | B．you will be refused when you get into trouble | | C．you will become rich | | D．you can be sure that you get real friends |
小题3:Good friends need to ______.| A．always point out each other"s mistakes | | B．be helped with money | | C．understand each other"s feelings | | D．have money or luck |
小题4:This passage mainly discuss ______ .| A．the qualities of a friend | | B．where to choose friends | | C．how to get along with friends | | D．the importance of having a friend |
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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I found the imagination of becoming a grandmother somewhat discouraging. I was younger than I thought a grandmother should be when I got the news that I was going to become one myself. I admit, it was not a role that I was emotionally ready to accept. I had been a young mother, and had certainly hoped my daughter would not face that same challenge. I remarried when she was a teenager, and then had two more children. On getting the news that she was expecting(***), I remember thinking “What do I know about being a grandmother? —I haven’t even finished raising my own kids yet!” I don’t like to be unprepared, so I read a few books about grandparenting. That gave me a little help, but I was still uncertain. I thought about other grandmothers I knew, and got a few ideas I liked and a few more that I didn’t. But I couldn’t quite figure out what kind of grandmother I wanted to be. Then I thought about my own grandmother, Granny, as she’s known by most people, and I knew I had the answer.
I didn’t realize it until that moment, but my own grandmother was the example for the kind of grandmother I wanted to be. I am fortunate that I got to spend a lot of time with my grandparents when I was a little kid. Here is what I learned from my Granny：
Grandmothers always have a cookie jar. For my whole life, Granny always had a cookie jar full of cookies. When I was a little tiny girl, just at eye level with the counter, Granny would get the cookie jar down for me. When I was a little older I learned how to pull the chair over so I could reach. As I got taller, if I really stretched, I could reach the cookie jar with my finger tips and move it close enough to get it down off the counter to find out what kind of treat was inside. Always the first thing I did when I went to Granny’s house was check the cookie jar, and there were always cookies in it. Many years later, I’ll drive my own children to Granny’s house and the first thing to do is get us all a cookie.
So grandmothers must have a cookie jar, and on my granddaughter’ s first Christmas，my daughter bought me my own cookie jar. She said when they came to see me，her daughter would find the treat the way she did and I did.
小题1:The writer thought it was a little discouraging to be a grandmother because________.| A．she was not old enough to be one | | B．she was not emotionally ready to be one | | C．she thought her daughter was too young to be a mother | | D．grandmother should be older than she was |
小题2:The underlined phrase “that same challenge ” in the first paragraph refers to “________” | A．taking care of a grandchild | | B．taking care of a baby | | C．being a young grandmother | | D．being a young mother |
小题3:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that________.| A．the writer has many happy memories of her grandmother’s cookie jar | | B．the writer always wanted to know what was inside her grandmother’s cookie jar | | C．the writer often drove her grandchildren to see her grandmother’s cookie jar | | D．women of the writer ‘s age all have a cookie jar for their grandchildren |
小题4:What kind of grandmother did the writer want to be?| A．One who has a jar filled with many kinds of cookies for children and herself. | | B．One who grows up with her grandmother^ cookie jar with all kinds of cookies. | | C．One who is like her own grandmother with a cookie jar to treat her grandchildren. | | D．One who always makes different kinds of cookies to treat her grandchildren. |
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title of this text?| A．Grandmother’s Cookie Jar | | B．Grandmother’s Treat for Children | | C．Grandmothers and Grandchildren | | D．Happy Memories of Cookies |
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RESOURCES BELONG TO THE SOCIETY
When I arrived in Hamburg Germany, my colleague who worked there arranged a welcome party for me in a 36 . We noticed a few customers including several old ladies, were having their meal. When a dish is 37 , the waiter would distribute the food for them, and they would 38 every bit of the food on their plates.
As I was hungry, my local colleague 39 much food for me. Since there were other things to do, we did not 40 much time dining. When we planned to leave, there was still about one third of 41 food left. When we were leaving the restaurant, we 42 someone calling us. When the old ladies spoke to us in English, we understood that they were 43 about us wasting so much food.
“We 44 for our food; it is none of your 45 how much food we left behind”, my colleague told the old ladies. They got angry, and one of them 46 made a call to someone. After a while, an officer in 47 arrived. Upon knowing what had happened, he issued us a 50-euro 48 . The officer told us in a stern（严厉的）voice: “order 49 you can consume. Money is yours, 50 the resources belong to the society. You have no 51 for wasting them.” Our face turned red. We all agreed with him in our 52 . My colleague took out a 50-euro note and repeatedly 53 to the officer.
My colleague copied the fine ticket and gave a copy to each of us as a souvenir. We all 54 it to remind us that we should never be 55 .
| 小题1: | | A．restaurant | B．company | C．family | D．bank |
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| 小题2: | | A．cooked | B．served | C．gathered | D．missed |
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| 小题3: | | A．desert | B．refuse | C．oppose | D．finish |
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| 小题4: | | A．kept | B．sold | C．ordered | D．made |
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| 小题5: | | A．save | B．spend | C．divide | D．find |
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| 小题6: | | A．undiscovered | B．undeveloped | C．unconsumed | D．undetermined |
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| 小题7: | | A．appointed | B．knew | C．realized | D．heard |
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| 小题8: | | A．curious | B．unhappy | C．nervous | D．optimistic |
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| 小题9: | | A．paid | B．asked | C．applied | D．accounted |
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| 小题10: | | A．matter | B．mind | C．question | D．business |
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| 小题11: | | A．immediately | B．passively | C．excitedly | D．regularly |
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| 小题12: | | A．rags | B．uniform | C．fashion | D．dream |
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| 小题13: | | A．award | B．food | C．fine | D．souvenir |
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| 小题16: | | A．ability | B．problem | C．reason | D．power |
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| 小题17: | | A．words | B．hearts | C．faces | D．ears |
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| 小题18: | | A．apologized | B．accused | C．admitted | D．approved |
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| 小题19: | | A．stuck | B．broke | C．kept | D．threw |
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| 小题20: | | A．hopeful | B．grateful | C．merciful | D．wasteful |
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Travel is exciting and summer is a busy period for holiday travel. Many people will travel great distances in airplanes, cars or other vehicles. Experts say people should know about other health problems that can strike when traveling by air.
One of these is a condition called hypoxia (缺氧症). It results from a lack of oxygen to the brain. Experts say the body begins losing oxygen minutes after an airplane leaves the ground. The air pressure in a plane during flight is lower than at sea level. This makes it more difficult for the body to effectively use the same amount of oxygen as it would on the ground. Fewer oxygen molecules （分子） cross the tissues (组织) in the lungs and reach the bloodstream.
The result is a five to twenty percent drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen that reaches the organs of the body.
One effect of this lack of oxygen to the brain is a headache. When this happens, the heart attempts to fix the situation by beating harder and faster. This can make the traveler feel tired.
These signs of hypoxia are not dangerous in a healthy person. But a drop in oxygen level can cause a health emergency in people with heart or lung problems. They might lose consciousness or even suffer a heart attack.
Experts say that smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic liquids also reduce the body’s ability to use oxygen. So they suggest that people not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes either before or during a flight. They also say persons with heart or lung problems should seek advice from their doctors before flying.
小题1:The author writes the passage mainly to ___.| A．warn people in airplanes of possible dangers | | B．offer some advice on avoiding health problems | | C．explain the causes and effects of hypoxia | | D．advise people not to smoke or drink alcohol |
小题2:According to the passage, what leads to hypoxia?| A．The brain lacks enough oxygen. | | B．The air pressure in a plane is too high | | C．Our body needs less oxygen during takeoff. | | D．The bloodstream contains no oxygen molecules. |
小题3:The underlined part “fix the situation” means “___”.| A．use more oxygen it needs | | B．increase the air pressure | | C．reduce the amount of blood | | D．bump more blood to the brain |
小题4:Why should passengers not smoke or drink before flying?| A．They weaken the body’s ability to use oxygen. | | B．Smoking may pollute the air inside the airplane. | | C．Drinking alcohol may raise one’s blood pressure. | | D．Drinking is forbidden at the airport. |
小题5:Do you think which the following title is the best title for this passage?| A．Tralling | | B．how to travel | | C．some suggestions about on the plane while travelling | | D．the causes and effects of hypoxia |
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