Each Indian(印第安人) was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to
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Each Indian(印第安人) was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one for himself. But his playmates(游戏伙伴) would always give him a name of their own. No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen. Often it was not pleasing, such as Bow Legs or Bad Boy. But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off. If he could not earn a better one from a war later, he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs for the rest of his life.
The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy. His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle. When he returned from the war, the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief. If he had done well, he would get a good name. Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf or Man-Afraid-Of-a-Horse. So an Indian’s name told his record or described the kind of man he was.
A man was given many chances to improve his name, however. If in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a batter name. Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names—all good and each better than the last.
An Indian’s names belonged to him for the rest of his life. No one else could use them. Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe, not the family. So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so.
Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticed deed. I know of only three of four times when this happened. It is the rarest honor for a person—the honor of assuming(承担) his father’ name.
小题1:An Indian could be given the second name by__________.| A．his father | B．the enemy | C．the chief of the tribe | D．his childhood friends. |
小题2:The greatest honor an Indian could earn was__________.| A．a victory in his first battle against the enemy. | B．a name given by the chief. | | C．a ceremony to get his real name. | D．the right to use his father’ name. |
小题3:If an Indian had more than ten names, it means that___________.| A．many people in the tribe liked him. | B．he was a great fighter. | | C．he had a lot of friends. | D．he had fought in fewer than ten battles. |
小题4:Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?| A．The names given by the playmates of an Indian were usually not pleasant. | | B．The life name of an Indian was earned in battle. | | C．An Indian could throw away his birth name when he was old enough to earn one for himself. | | D．The Indians themselves were not allowed to give their names away. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题1:D
小题1:B
小题1:C |
解析
小题1:根据But his playmates(游戏伙伴) would always give him a name of their own.及下文描述可知选D。
小题1:根据It is the rarest honor for a person—the honor of assuming(承担) his father’ name.可知选D。
小题1:根据Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names描述可知一些伟大的战士有十二个名字之多。故选B。
小题1:根据The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy.及上文描述可知选C。 |
举一反三
If you live in the United States, you can’t have a full-time job until you are 16 years old. At 14 or 15, you work part-time after school or on weekends, and during summer vacation you can work 40 hours each week. Does all that mean that if you are younger than 14, you can’t make your own money? Of course not! Kids from 10-13 years of age can make money by doing lots of things.
Valerie, 11, told us that she made money by cleaning up other people’s yards. Lena, 13, makes money by knitting(织) dog sweaters and selling them to her neighbors. Reisa said she had started taking art classes and showing her works to people. People ask her to draw pictures for them and they pay her for them. Jasmine. 13, writes articles for different magazines!
Kids can learn lots of things from making money. By working to make your own money, you are learning the skills you will need in life. These skills can include things like how to get along with others, how to use technology and how to use your time wisely. Some people think that asking for money is a lot easier than making it; however, if you can make your own money, you don’t have to depend on anyone else. The five dollars that you make will probably make you feel a lot better than the twenty dollars you ask for.
小题1: Kids can have full-time jobs at the age of______ in the USA.
A. 17 B.15 C. 14 D. 13
小题2: If you are 15 years old, you can’t work part-time______.| A．after school | B．on weekends | | C．during school time | D．during summer vacation |
小题3: Riesa makes money by_______.| A．cleaning up other people’s yard | B．drawing pictures for others | | C．writing articles for different magazines | D．knitting dog sweaters. |
小题4:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?| A．The writer thinks kids from 10-13 years of age can make money too. | | B．Kids can learn how to use their time wisely by making money. | | C．Kids don’t need to get along with others when making money. | | D．Kids can learn skills if they try to make money on their own. |
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Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal （信号）. Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize （强调） the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk", usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job．In many European countries -- like the UK or France -- people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures. I once made a speech in Thailand．I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence. The people present just stared at me and smiled．After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much. In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other. However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment （多元文化环境） will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
小题1:In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to _____.| A．develop closer relations | B．share the same culture | | C．get to know each other | D．keep each other company |
小题2:The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that _________.| A．the English prefer to make long speeches | | B．too many words are of no use | | C．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature | | D．even talk and silence can be culturally different |
小题3:According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?| A．By sharing different ways of life. | B．By accepting different habits. | | C．By recognizing different values. | D．By speaking each other’ s languages. |
小题4:What would be the best title for the text?| A．Multicultural Environment. | B．Cross-Cultural Differences. | | C．How to Understand Each Other. | D．How to Build Up a Relationship. |
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In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break up of the family occurs when the parents divorce. A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children’s emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent’s own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.
小题1:In the past, American families tended to be ____. | A．quite small | B．medium sized | C．quite large | D．small |
小题2:To parents who take the responsibility for children’s expenses, the cost of living increases because ____.| A．children attend school for more years | B．children are better dressed | | C．children spend more money on entertainment | D．all of the above |
小题3:According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may ____.| A．become worse | B．remain the same | | C．get better | D．keep unchanged |
小题4:The title of the article might be ____.| A．American Children | B．American Families | | C．American Mother | D．American Parents |
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The year is 2094．It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth．Most of it will miss our planet , but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth．
On 17 July , a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion．About half of the piece is destroyed , but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound．The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed．Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole．The wall of water , a kilometer high , rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour．Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people re drowned．
Before the waves reach South America , the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina．Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains．The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean．The cities of Los Angeles , San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes．Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won’t escape for long．Because of the explosions , the sun is hidden by clouds of dust , temperatures around the world fall to almost zero．Crops are ruined．The sun won’t be seen again for many years．Wars break out as countries fight for food．A year later , no more than 10 million people remain alive．
Could it really happen ? In fact , it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth．The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years．Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared．Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space．The dinosaurs couldn’t live through the cold climate that followed and they died out．Will we meet the same and ?
小题1:What is mainly described in the passage ?| A．A historic discovery． | B．An event of imagination | | C．A research on space． | D．A scientific adventure． |
小题2:When the first piece hits the South Atlantic , it causes ．| A．an earthquake | B．damages to cities | | C．an Earth explosion | D．huge waves |
小题3:Why can’t the northern half of the earth escape for long ?| A．Because the land is covered with water | | B．Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth． | | C．Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero． | | D．Because wars break out among countries． |
小题4:By giving the example of dinosaurs , the author tries to prove ．| A．animals could not live in the cold climate | | B．what happened 65 million years ago was an invented story | | C．the human beings will die out in 2094 | | D．the Earth could be hit by other objects in space |
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As a palace, the Tower of London．was a great place to live．As a prison, it, wasn’t so nice ——especially since so many prisoners lost their heads．Today tourists can explore 5the Tower in the
United Kingdom．Here are some reasons why the Tower was and still is a cool place．
Ravens（渡鸦） are like superheroes．
Well, sort of．Legend says if the ravens that live on the Tower grounds ever leave, the Tower will fall apart．No one knows when the ravens first showed up, but Charles II took the legend so seriously that in the 1670s he gave an official order that six ravens be kept there all the time．Today
there are still always six．
You might have lived at a zoo．
In 1204, King John kept a collection of animals, including lions and elephants．About 50 years later, King Henry III received a polar bear．the bear was kept on a piece of rope so it could fish from the Thames River that flows by the Tower．
If you lived at the Tower today, your mom or dad might be in charge．
The 35 Yeoman Warders（伦敦塔卫士）and their families are among the few still allowed to live at the Tower．Established in 1509 a;? bodyguards! for the king, today they give tours and manage the day-to-day details of the Tower．They’re called "beefeaters," possibly because their job once allowed them to eat beef from the king’s; table．
You need a secret password at night．
Called the "Word," the password changes every 24 hours and is a must-have to enter the Tower
after hours．It’s written on a piece of paper and delivered to the Yeoman on duty for, the night．
You could find buried gold．
In 1662, a goldsmith（金匠） named John Barfcstead supposedly hid more than $40,000 worth of stolen gold somewhere on．the Tower grounds．Many have searched for the gold, but it has never
been found．
小题1:Charles II decided to keep six ravens in the Tower probably because ____,． ;| A．he loved animals a lot | | B．he believed ravens helped protect the Tower | | C．he wanted to train the ravens to watch the prisoners | | D．he thought the Tower was a cool place for the ravens to live |
小题2:According to the passage, the Yeoman Warders ______． | A．have to part from their families to work at the Tower | | B．are currently working as bodyguards for the king | | C．sometimes serve as tour guides | | D．are fond of eating beef |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE about the Tower of London? | A．King Henry III kept lions and elephants in it． | | B．It stands on the bank of the Thames River． | | C．Nobody is allowed to enter it at night． | | D．It is also used as a prison nowadays． |
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