The Haitian tsunami gave scientists a chance to find out how well vital and pote
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The Haitian tsunami gave scientists a chance to find out how well vital and potentially life-saving warning systems were working.
Noaa’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory has developed a warning system that picks up signals of tsunamis directly from the sea-floor.
It is called Dart-the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis. If seismometers(地震仪) detect an earthquake, the Dart buoys（浮标） will determine what is happening to sea levels, and whether a big wave might be on the way. This information is then sent via satellite to a central location which can organize an alarm. Within 50 minutes of the Haiti earthquake, this system was able to issue an alarm to other countries in the Caribbean to say that a small tsunami had been caused to start, and that was unlikely to affect them.
Dr Bernard said, “The first 30 minutes following the earthquake, we have to rely on education.” The critical aspects of this are: do you feel the earthquake; do you see the ocean draw down; and do you hear that loud roar? If so, you should run for higher ground.
“But after the first few minutes, it’s crucial that we have the technology—the measurements to avoid unnecessary evacuation(疏散撤离)and tell people when it is safe to return.” Right now, there are 50 of these Dart buoys all over the globe—four of which are in the Caribbean.
Dr Bernard says that, with 75 to 100 buoys worldwide, this system could provide global tsunami warnings within one hour.
“That’s for everywhere we know that tsunamis have happened. If we wanted to go to half an hour detection, we could probably double or multiply by four times that number,” he said.
“In some countries, including Haiti, there may not be enough resources to support a specific tsunami warning centre for something that happens so infrequently.”
He said that this system was relatively inexpensive to fix and operate.
“To get it down to an hour for everywhere affected would cost $50m initial investment and then 10% of that to maintain it,” he said.
“That’s not a terribly expensive system considering the potential savings of lives.”
小题1:In which section would you probably read the passage in a newspaper?| A．Education and Society | | B．Culture and Leisure | | C．Science and Technology | | D．Health and Medicine |
小题2: How many buoys would at least be needed for global tsunami warnings within half an hour?小题3:Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?| A．The system can warn people of the coming of tsunami directly after the earthquake. | | B．We can’t escape the danger of tsunami within 30 minutes following the earthquake. | | C．Each country can easily afford a tsunami warning centre though it seldom happens. | | D．It’s worthwhile to spend money on the warning system for possible savings of lives. |
小题4: Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?| A．Tsunami Assessment | | B．Earthquake detecting | | C．Disaster Warning System | | D．Life Saving System |
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答案
小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:D
小题1:C |
解析
小题1:文章介绍了海啸预警系统怎样拯救人们的，属于科技领域的文章。选C
小题1:细节题：从第五段和第六段的句子：If we wanted to go to half an hour detection, we could probably double or multiply by four times that number,” he said.可知在半小时内至少需要150个浮标。选A
小题1:推理题：从最后一段的句子：“That’s not a terribly expensive system considering the potential savings of lives.”可知花些钱设置预警装置是值得的，因为它们可能救人的生命。选
D
小题1:主旨题：从第一段的全文描写可知这是一个灾难预警系统。选C |
举一反三
AAAGH! The Generation 90s is coming!
Wearing earphones, using complex Net language and constantly text messaging friends, the Gen-90s following the Gen-80s begin to make their world debut (初次登台).
Each generation or age group has its own symbols and lifestyle. Read on and judge for yourselves if you fit the Gen-90s group.
Earphones
These little devices seem to grow on the heads of the Gen-90s. They might lead to MP3, MP4 or MP101 players, giving these young people a plugged-in, cool and perhaps self-addicted look, of course, life is not always music to the ears.
Martian language
They have created their own code-like online language. It’s a mixture of English, Japanese and Chinese that perhaps only Martians can understand. This is an imaginative generation, though they need to be careful to keep it out of their term papers.
Self-Portrait
Saying “cheese” to their own digital cameras is usual for this generation. A little bit of narcissism (自恋) never hurts anyone. It helps them reflect a little on their own lives．But be aware of the risks of posting private photos online.
Text-messaging
They can type their mobile phones as fast as they can speak. This is a generation that respects efficiency. However, oral communication is important and will never go out of style.
小题1:According to the passage, if you belong to the Gen-90s , you will _______ .| A．just appreciate yourself and ignore others’ strengths. | | B．have your own symbols and lifestyle. | | C．have the same symbols and lifestyle of the Gen-80s． | | D．like music and dance very much. |
小题2:According to the text, the writer will choose ______ as a good example to the Gen-90.| A．Li Hua likes music and always wearing iPod | | B．Zhang Chao is not only an imaginative boy but do everything efficiently. | | C．Lily is a shy girl and she doesn’t like making friends. | | D．Fangfang likes being taken photos and often posting them on line. |
小题3:According to this passage, which is FALSE?| A．Not all teens are cautious about posting photos． | | B．They type their mobile phones so fast that it can catch the speed of speaking. | | C．The Gen-90s have a preference for some music players, and even regard them as a necessary part of life. | | D．They don’t use the cool and complex online language in formal writing. |
小题4:The main idea of the passage is about________.| A．the Gen-90s’ happy life | | B．the difference between the Gen-80s and the Gen-90s | | C．the Gen-90s’ unique lifestyle and some practical warnings | | D．the similarities between the Gen-80s and the Gen-90s |
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Garden building is considered an important part of Chinese culture. Some people say that if you have never walked through a Chinese garden, you cannot say that you have really visited China.
Traditional Chinese gardens are located in North China in such places as Beihai Park, the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City. In larger imperial gardens, the main buildings are connected by an imaginary（虚构的） line in the middle of the garden on the north-south axis(轴). Other features of imperial gardens are colored-paintings, man-made hills and lakes.
Most private gardens are found in the south, especially in cities south of the Yangtze River. Private gardens were mostly built at one side or at the back of the houses. Around the beautiful scene are small open areas with beautiful shaped-doors through which visitors can enjoy the sights. They are open on all sides and are often near the water so that the whole scene can be enjoyed. Suzhou, known as the home of gardens, displays the most and the best Chinese traditional private gardens. Different parts of it are examples of the garden style of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.[
The landscape（自然风景） garden contains a number of pleasant natural scenes and some fairy tales. The ancient Chinese used to call the garden landscape “Jing” , which means “scene” in English. Good examples include the ten West Lake Scenes in Hangzhou, the twenty-four slim West Lake in Yangzhou and the eight Daming Lake Scenes in Jinan.
小题1: The passage tells mainly about ________.| A．an important part of Chinese culture | | B．how to enjoy Chinese gardens | | C．where foreigners can find Chinese gardens | | D．the characters of different style of Chinese garden building |
小题2:Which of the following is NOT true for the imperial garden?| A．There is a north-south axis in the center of garden | | B．They were built because of some fairy tales. | | C．There are man-made hills and lakes in the gardens. | | D．They have colored-paintings. |
小题3:According to the passage, we can learn that _______.| A．Chinese people often invite foreigners to visit a Chinese garden. | | B．The landscape garden reflects different styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. | | C．All three kinds of gardens make up the important part of Chinese culture which is appreciated by the people all over the world. | | D．People enjoy the private gardens more than other two styles. |
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Look at the picture. It’s a nice 1 . In the picture you can see a teacher’s 2 on his desk. It’s a Chinese book. There are fifty desks and fifty chairs in the room. There is also a big blackboard. You can see a girl and 3 boys.
The girl’s 4 is Julia. She is thirteen. The boy with the football is Tom. He likes playing 5 . The other boy is Tony. They 6 the same coats and they are the same age. They look the same. I 7 they are twins. Tom is a 8 boy. A book is in his hand. You 9 see the teacher. 10 is the teacher? He is taking the picture.
| 小题1: | | A．house | B．station | C．classroom | D．shop |
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| 小题2: | | A．backpack | B．basketball | C．book | D．hat |
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| 小题4: | | A．name | B．age | C．brother | D．notebook |
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| 小题5: | | A．basketball | B．chess | C．football | D．cards |
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| 小题8: | | A．dear | B．first | C．lost | D．good |
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| 小题9: | | A．aren’t | B．can’t | C．doesn’t | D．be not |
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Even if you are naturally shy, these three tricks will help you to quickly build a new social circle in any new city.
1. Take pictures
One of the great things about taking pictures at an event or party is that it gives you an excuse to get in touch with the person later. Everybody loves seeing pictures of themselves, and it’s very easy after taking a picture to say “If you’d like I can email it to you”. This can be the seed that leads to new connections. The next time you hear about a fun event email your new contacts to let them know about it.
2. Eat alone in public
You might feel self-conscious eating by yourself but it has an important benefit: you are much easier to approach when you are alone. People may be afraid of interrupting you or being rude if you are in a conversation with someone else. Bring a book or newspaper to read (this will make you feel less self-conscious). Plus, having an interesting book with you will give others an excuse to start a conversation if they’ve read it.
3. Join a class, sports team, or club
Yoga, salsa dancing, volleyball, Toastmasters (a public speaking club), a class for work, etc. Take up a new hobby or continue an old one!
These are all great places to meet new people, primarily because you will be forced to see the same people over and over again in the class. You will automatically make friends with them if you have a common interest and are forced to see each other again.
Tips:
* In the beginning, never turn down an invitation from someone, even if it’s something you wouldn’t normally do.
* Email your new friends with fun things to do instead of always asking what their plans are. If they have a better plan you can drop yours and join them. This will help establish you as someone who is contributing value instead of just taking it (people want this in a friend).
* Don’t let little things in life upset you or be a negative person. People don’t want to be around someone like that!
小题1:____ can give you an excuse to start new connections.| A．Taking pictures of others | B．Eating by yourself in public | | C．Reading interesting books | D．Joining group activities |
小题2:When having meals, you’d better ____ if you want to make new friends.| A．sit on your own in public places | | B．start a conversation with those who have friends aside | | C．invite others to your apartment to eat together | | D．approach others to show conscious friendliness |
小题3:According to the text, which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of joining a class?| A．It helps you find out your interest and take up a new hobby. | | B．It helps you find out people who share a common interest with you. | | C．It offers an opportunity to meet the same people repeatedly. | | D．It is a good way to meet new people and make friends in a new city. |
小题4: Which of the following pieces of advice is a tip from the text?| A．Try to be outgoing and talkative instead of being shy. | | B．Never turn down an invitation from your friends. | | C．Offer suggestions on how to spend time together. | | D．Don’t give a negative response to any request. |
小题5:By writing the text, the author intends to tell us ____.| A．why you should change when you move to a new city | | B．why you should make new friends in a new city | | C．how you can make new friends in a new city | | D．how you can keep in touch with strangers |
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More people speak English than any other language except Chinese .English is the main language spoken in the United Kingdom，Ireland，Australia，New Zealand，Canada，the United States and some other countries. Altogether more than 450 million people speak English as their everyday language .Another 100 million or more speak at least some English. Most English words come from old Anglo Saxon，French，or Latin words.
Modern English developed through the efforts（努力） of literary(文学的)and political writings .Modern English was influenced by old English，the beginning of the university educated people，Shakespeare，the common language found in the middle of presentday England and an effort to show and standardize(使标准化)English.
British English，known as Standard English or Oxford English，underwent changes during the colonization(殖民)of North America and the creation（创建）of the United States .British English words changed into American English words，such as centre to center，metre to meter，theatre to theater and so on.
Until the 18th century，British and American English were very similar with almost no difference .Immigration（移民） to America by other English peoples changed the language by 1700.Noah Webster，author of the first authoritative(权威的)American English dictionary，created many changes.
小题1:Modern English developed through______.| A．the efforts of literary writings | B．the efforts of political writings | | C．old Chinese | D．both A and B |
小题2:American English changed from______ during the colonization of North America and the creation of the United States.| A．British English | B．Standard English | C．Oxford English | D．all of the above |
小题3:British English was almost similar to American English until the______ century.小题4:What is the title of the passage?| A．Why more people speak English | B．What modern English is | | C．When British and American English had no difference | D．English and its development |
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