A new research has uncovered that culture is a determining factor when interpret
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A new research has uncovered that culture is a determining factor when interpreting facial emotions．The study reveals that in cultures where emotional control is the standard，such as Japan，focus is placed on the eyes to interpret emotions．Whereas in cultures where emotion is openly expressed，such as the United States，the focus is on the mouth to interpret emotion．
“These findings go against the popular theory that the facial expressions of basic emotions can be universally recognized，”said University of Alberta researcher Dr．Takahiko Masuda．“A person"s culture plays a very strong role in determining how they will read emotions and needs to be considered when interpreting facial expression．"
These cultural differences are even noticeable in computer emoticons (情感符号)，which are used to convey a writer’s emotions over email and text messaging．The Japanese emoticons for happiness and sadness vary in terms of how the eyes are drawn，while American emoticons vary with the direction of the mouth．In the United States the emoticons ：) and ：--) show a happy face，whereas the emoticons ：( or ：--( show a sad face．However，Japanese tend to use the symbol (＾-＾) to indicate a happy face，and ( ；_；) to indicate a sad face．
“We think it is quite interesting and appropriate that a culture tends to mask its emotions． The Japanese would focus on a person"s eyes when determining emotion，as eyes tend to be quite subtle (微妙的)，”said Masuda．“In the United States, where open emotion is quite common，it makes sense to focus on the mouth, which is the most expressive feature on a person"s face．”
60．The text mainly tells us that______．
A. cultural differences are expressed in emotions
B. culture is the key to interpreting facial emotions
C. different emoticons are preferred in different cultures，
D．people from different cultures express emotions differently
61．If a Japanese wants to detect whether a smile is, true or false，he will probably______．
A. read the whole face B. focus on the mouth
C. look into the eyes D. judge by the voice
62．People used to believe that___________．
A．some facial expressions of emotions were too complex to be recognized
B．people in the world interpreted basic emotions in different ways
C．people could only recognize the facial expressions of basic emotions；
D．people all’ over the world understood basic emotions in the same way
63．The computer emoticons used by the Americans show that_____________．
A．they express their feelings openly
B．they tend to control their emotions
C．they are good at conveying their emotions
D．they use simpler emoticons to show their feelings |
答案
60---63 BCDA |
解析
| 略 |
举一反三
The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake at 5:46 a. rn. on January 17, 1995,Kobe (神户) and its surrounding areas suffered a killer earthquake. Only two other events in this century, the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and World War II caused more deaths in Japan than this earthquake. The epicenter was at the northern tip of Awaji Island. The quake registered 7.2 on the Richter scale (里氏震级). The greatest amount of damage was seen in the Japanese port city of Kobe, and at final count 6 348 people had lost their lives.
The people of the area were quite unprepared for such a big earthquake. Experts had said that most modern buildings would be quite safe even from an earthquake as strong as the Great Kanto Earthquake. This was clearly not true. Television cameras showed the many buildings that had fallen down. The highway that ran through the city had fallen over on its side looking as if it had been pushed over by a giant.
Thousands of people were homeless, However, some of the finest human qualities were seen in the time of crises (moment of great danger). People formed long lines for water and other supplies. They shared what they had with one another. People from young to old stopped to talk to each other and give a few encouraging words. The people living in the area knew that their old life had been destroyed. They believe they can rebuild their life, and a better one,
64. Only two other events caused more deaths in Japan. They are _____.
A. the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the Second World War
B. the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and World War II
C. the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995
D. the First World War and the Second World War
65. Which of the following is true?
A. The Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake was the greatest in the world history.
B. The earthquake broke out in summer.
C. The center of the earthquake was in the northern end of the port city.
D. More than six thousand people lost their lives in the earthquake.
66. The passage seems to suggest that _____.
A. a giant was able to start an earthquake
B. modem buildings were strong enough to be safe from any earthquake
C. less people would have died if they had been prepared for it
D. experts always tell lies |
When we think of Hollywood, we think of films and famous film stars. They are part of Hollywood’s history. Today people make films in other places,too. Not all famous film stars live in Hollywood. But Hollywood is still a very special city in Los Angeles, California.
You can easily see where Hollywood in in Los Angeles. There is a big sign（标牌）on the hills. It says “HOLLYWOOD”.The white letters are fifty feet tall. You can see the sign from far away. The Hollywood sign is a famous Hollywood landmark（标记）in Los Angeles. Many postcards show this famous Hollywood landmark.
On the hills of Hollywood, there is also the Hollywood Bowl. This is an open-air theater. It is one of the largest open-air theaters in the world. It has seventeen thousand seats and a very different stage（舞台）.The design（设计）of the stage was made by a great American named Frank Lloyd Wright. You can listen to all kinds of concerts at the Hollywood Bowl.
49．We learn from the passage that_______.
A．Hollywood can just be seen from faraway.
B．Hollywood is now a place only for travelers
C．all the films are made in Hollywood
D．Hollywood is part of Los Angeles
50．The word “special”in the paragraph means_______.
A．new B．rich C．famous D．unusual
51．At the Hollywood Bowl_______.
A．most of American postcards are made
B．only 7000 people can get together
C．music can be enjoyed
D．you can hardly listen to different kinds of concerts
52．It seems that .
A．some famous film stars don’t choose to live in Hollywood
B．film stars don’t think Hollywood a good place to make films now
C．the Holly wood Bowl is larger than any other open-air theater in the world
D．the Hollywood Bowl is a hill in Hollywood |
Every people（民族）uses its own special（特殊的）words to show its ideas and feelings. Some expressions are commonly used for many years. Others are popular for just a short time. One such American expression is“Where’s the beef?”It is used when something is not as good as it is said to be In the early 1980s “Where’s the beef?”was one of the most popular expressions in the United States. It seemed as if everyone was using it at the time.
Beef, of course,is the meat form a cow, and no food is more popular in America than a hamburger（汉堡包）made from beef. In the 1960s a businessman named Ray Kroc began building small restaurants that sold hamburgers at a low price. Kroc called his restaurants“McDonald’ s”.Ray Kroc became one of the richest businessmen in America.
Other business people watched his success. Some of them opened their own hamburger restaurants. One company（公司）called“Wendy’s”said its hamburgers were bigger than those sold by McDonald’s or anyone else’s .The Wendy’s Company began to use the expression“Where’s the beef?”to make people know that Wendy’s hamburgers were the biggest. The Wendy’s television advertisement（广告）showed three old women eating hamburgers. The bread that covered the meat was very big, but inside there was only a bit of meat. One of the women said she would not eat a hamburger with such a little piece of beef.“Where’s the beef?”she shouted in a funny way. The advertisement for Wendy’s hamburger restaurants was a success .As we said, it seemed everyone began using the expression“Where’s the beef?”
53．_______started Mc Donald’s restaurant.
A．Ray Kroc B．McDonald C．Wendy D．Three old women
54．Other people wanted to open hamburger restaurants because they thought_______.
A．they could sell hamburgers at a low price B．hamburgers were easy to make
C．beef was very popular in America D．they could make a lot of money
55．Wendy’s made the expression known to everybody_______.
A．with many old women eating hamburgers
B．by a television advertisement
C．while selling bread with a bit of meat in it
D．at the McDonald’s restaurant
56．We can learn from the passage that the expression“Where’s the beef?”means_______.
A．the beef in hamburgers is not as much as it is said to be
B．the hamburgers are not as good as they are said to be
C．something is not so good as one says
D．Wendy’s is the biggest |
At Harton College-an English boarding school（寄宿制学校）for boys-there are many rules.Fifteen-year-old Bob Sanders often breaks them.
The boys can go into the town in the afternoon after class. But they must return to the school at six o’clock. One afternoon Bob walked to the town. He looked at the shops and then went to the cinema. After the film, he looked at his watch. It was after eight o’clock. He was a little worried . He walked back to Harton College as fast as possible.
When he arrived, he ran quickly to the main entrance（主要入口）.It was locked. He went round the school buiding to another door. That one was locked too. He looked up at the window of his dormitory（宿舍）.It was on the third floor. The window was open. But it was quite dark and he could not climb up the wall easily. Then he saw another open window on the ground floor. It was the window of the headmaster’s study（书房）.
He looked into the room-no one was there. Bob quickly climbed on to the window and jumped into the room. Just then he heard a noise. Then someone turned on a light in the corridor（走郎）.Bob looked around and then hid under the sofa. One minute later, Mr Mannering the headmaster, came in. He turned on the light on his desk, and sat down on the sofa（沙发）.Then he opened a book and began to read.
Bob lay under the sofa as quietly as possible. He couldn’t move. The floor was cold and uncomfortable. He looked at the headmaster’s shoes and socks for an hour.
“Why doesn’t he get up and go to bed?”Bob thought.
Mr. Mannering read his book for another hour.Finally, the headmaster closed his book and stood up. He put the book on a shelf and walked towards the door.
“Thank God he didn’t find me under the sofa,”thought Bob.
Then Mr. Mannering stopped and spoke towards the sofa.
“Would you turn off the light when you leave?”
He said, and left the study.
57．Bob returned to the school more than two hours late because_______.
A．he enjoyed himself too much B．he did not catch the bus
C．he hated the rules D．he ran into an old friend
58．The main entrance was_______.
A．too high B．open C．shut D．slightly open
59．Bob didn’t go to his dormitory because_______.
A．the gate was locked B．the window was shut
C．it was quite dark D．the wall was too high for him to climb up
60．Bob actually went into the headmaster’s_______.
A．dormitory B．private（私人的）office
C．kitchen D．bedroom |
Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these players get that way---was it through training and practice, or are great players “born, not made”? First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past---players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate(模仿). In the history of soccer, only seven countries have ever won the World Cup---three from South America and four from western Europe. There has never been a great national team---or a really great player---from North America or from Asia. Second, these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four.
Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighbourhood---a poor, crowded area where a boy’s dream is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer(艺人). For example, Liverpool, which produced the Beatles, had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years. Pele practiced in the street with a “ball” made of rags(破布). And George Best learned the tricks that made him famous by bouncing the ball off a wall(对着墙壁踢球) in the slums(贫民窟) of Belfast.
All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn’t explain why they are great. Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with some unique quality that sets them apart from all the others.
46. According to the writer, which of the following statements is true?
A. Soccer is popular all over the world, but truly great players are few.
B. Millions of people all over the world are playing soccer, but only seven countries have ever had famous stars.
C. Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but only seven countries from South America and western Europe have ever had great national teams.
D. Soccer is one of the most popular games all over the world, but it seems the least popular in North America and Asia.
47. The world “tricks” at the end of Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. experience B. cheating C. skills D. training
48. The Brazilian streets are mentioned to illustrate that ______.
A. famous soccer players live in slum areas
B. people in poor areas are born with some unique quality
C. children in poor areas start playing football at the age of three or four
D. a great soccer player may be born in a slum area
49. In the last paragraph the statement “…but only one became Pele” indicates that ______.
A. Pele is the greatest soccer player
B. the greatest players are born with some unique quality
C. Pele’s birthplace sets him apart from all the others
D. the success of a soccer player has everything to do with the family background
50. The writer mentions all the factors that may affect a soccer player’s success except ______.
A. his family background B. his neighbourhood
C. his practice D. his character |
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