阅读理解。 Which are you more likely to have with you at any given moment-your ce
题型：湖北省高考真题难度：来源：
you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over
an electronic scanner.
In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800
of its states. This is the first pay-by-phone practice in the U.S., but we"re likely to see more wireless payment
alternatives as something called near field communication (NFC) gets into America"s consumer electronics.
Last December some new smart phones which contain an NFC chip were introduced to the public.
Already in use in parts of Asia and Europe, NFC allows shoppers to wave their phones a few inches above
a payment terminal-a contact-free system built for speed and convenience. But before NFC becomes widely
adopted in the U.S., a few problems need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable transaction
(交易) fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave-and-pay systems that
use NFC-enabled credit cards, cell phone service providers may try to muscle their way into the point-of-sale
(POS) market. Three big cell phone service providers have formed a joint venture (合资企业) that will go into
operation over the next 15 months. Its goal is "to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile
phones."
The other big NFC issue, apart from how payments will be processed, is security, for instance, what"s to
stop a thief from digitally pick-pocketing you? "We"re still not at the point where an attacker can just brush
against you in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone," says Jimmy Shah, a mobile-security
researcher." Users may also be able to set transaction limits, perhaps requiring a password to be entered for
larger purchases.
Still uneasy about this digital-wallet business? Keep in mind that if you lose your smart phone, it can be
located on a map and remotely disabled. Plus, your phone can be password protected, your wallet isn"t.
B. The boom of pay-by-phone business.
C. The disappearance of credit cards.
D. The increase of Starbucks sales.
B. collect transaction fees easily
C. make purchase faster and simpler
D. improve the quality of cell phones
B. get a share in the payments industry
C. sell more cell phones
D. test the NFC technology
B. Set up a password.
C. Get all the money out of their phones.
D. Cancel large purchases.
答案
举一反三
At school, you had been fed cereal laced with radioactive chemicals so scientists could learn more about
the digestive system. Because the food was radioactive, scientists could easily trace its path through the
body.
Scientists now know that exposure to large amounts of radiation can cause cancer, a group of diseases
in which bodily cells grow wildly out of control. Some people who were part of the radiation studies later
developed cancer and blame the radiation for causing the cancer. Others are worried the radiation will
someday make them sick.
Some doctors say that, in many cases, such fears are unjustified because the radiation doses (剂量) used
in the experiments were too small to cause harm. They also say that since the dangers of radiation were less
well understood then than they are now, even researchers who used high doses of radiation didn"t do anything
wrong.
Some critics claim that no excuse is acceptable for not informing subjects about the nature of an experiment
and giving them a chance to refuse to participate. Today, government rules require such informed agreement
whenever a study uses people.
B. whether it is moral to experiment on people without telling them
C. what result can be obtained in a radioactive experiment
D. how radiation studies are conducted
B. As long as the danger of radiation has not been proved, high doses of it can also be acceptable.
C. Most cancers are caused by radiation.
D. Any exposure to radiation will surely cause cancer.
B. to prohibit all the experiments on humans
C. to licence all the tests related to human beings
D. to protect people"s human right not to be tested without permission
B. indifferent
C. critical
D. favourable
arena as a power. However, a series of issues since the beginning of this year, particularly Washington"s
stance on the U.S.-South Korean joint military exercises and the South China Sea issue have made the world
think: Is the United States ready to recognize China as a power on the world stage?
It is easier said than done for the United States to adapt itself to China"s development. Lip service is far
from enough to boost the development of Sino-U.S. relations. If Washington cannot find a way to recognize
and accept China"s peaceful rise onto the world stage, bilateral (双边的) ties will be like a roller coaster full
of ups and downs. However, no one would like to see the negative effects rocky relations would bring to
China, the United States and possibly to the world as a whole.
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has urged China to play a greater role in solving the world"s
economic, environmental and political problems. She said global issues could not be solved by the United
States or China alone, but without participation of the two countries, no problems would likely be solved.
Washington has realized that the United States" global interest can be maintained only through changing the
way it deals with China.
The Obama administration released positive signals in its relations with China, which have been interpreted
as the United States showing its intention to change the traditional strategy of engagement and containment
(遏制政策 ). As a matter of fact, the general direction of Sino-U. S. relations provides a foundation on
which the United States can base its foreign policies and is more complicated than an adjustment in real
conditions. Issues such as arms sales to Taiwan, Google censorship, RMB exchange rates as well as finger-
pointing about economic responsibility show Washington still seems confused and impatient about relations
with China.
The relationship between China and the United States is the most important and complicated bilateral
relationship in the world this century. The development of Sino-U.S. relations will affect world peace and
stability, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. Ian Bremmer, an American political scientist specializing in
U.S. foreign policy, said, "America and China will have more than ever to gain from closer political and
commercial ties, and must take steps to avoid a Cold War, or worse."
In that circumstance; the United States needs both wisdom and determination to recognize and accept
China, a country that is totally different from its own, as a power on the world stage.
B. there will surely be a Cold War between the USA and China
C. there are many differences between the USA and China
D. it is wise for the U. S. government to sell arms to Taiwan
B. the U.S. government has realized the importance of China
C. Washington are afraid of China both in economy and politics
D. the United States is ready to accept China as a power
B. opinion
C. ignorance
D. criticism
B. Is U.S. ready to recognize China as a world power?
C. Is U.S. still the most powerful country in the world?
D. Is Sino-U.S. relationship the most important and complicated in the world?
store ledgers (分类账) move into the black and companies become profitable. On that day, retailers slash prices
to get consumers to buy. It is also a time when many Americans start their Christmas shopping. VOA"s
Elizabeth Lee tells us how the economy may affect consumers on that bargain day.
"It"s just the deals, the sales and everything you can get for a lesser price," said Sandy Thomas, a shopper.
But it"s a nightmare for others. "I think it"s crazy. I"ve done all of my shopping throughout the week so I don"t
have to go out on Friday," she said. It"s called Black Friday, the start of the traditional Christmas shopping
season in the United States. Every year it"s the day after the Thanksgiving holiday. Stores open before sunrise
and there are deep discounts everywhere you look.
While the lead up to Christmas is known as the season of giving, Black Friday can get ugly.
Last year a crowd of bargain-hunters killed a Wall-mart worker in a New York suburb. This year, many
stores are increasing security while they slash prices. "This is a huge time for the retail stores," said Fred Joutz
from George Washington University. "This is when they begin making their profits for the year."
Economics professor Fred Joutz says how Americans spend the weekend after Thanksgiving is a good
indication of how consumers feel about the future.
With the unemployment rate above 10 percent, Joutz says Americans are saving more and spending less.
"Credit is still strictly controlled whether through credit cards or through borrowing from banks," he said.
Some retailers are attracting consumers by opening on Thanksgiving Day, when shops are traditionally closed.
Other stores open their doors anywhere from midnight to four in the morning.
And shoppers will be lining up in front of the doors in order to be one of the first ones to walk through and
get a big discount. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually the first items to go. Sandy Thomas says it"s an
annual family tradition and well worth it. "I just save maybe half of what I would have spent on a regular, you
know, shopping trip," she said.
Economists say U.S. consumers will spend money this Black Friday, but they will spend it more carefully.
B. raise
C. increase
D. change
B. paragraph one and paragraph two
C. paragraph three and paragraph four
D. paragraph five and paragraph six
B. Because it"s a time when they begin making their profits for the year.
C. Because last year a crowd of bargain-hunters caused an accident.
D. Because many stores open their doors from midnight to four a.m.
B. Electronics like flat screen TVs are usually least discounted.
C. The economy only affects consumers on that bargain day.
D. Thanksgiving is a good indication of how consumers feel about the future.
the cost of living. When the government controls prices, there is no longer a normal relationship between the
price of a product and the quantity consumers will buy. Government controls may help in an emergency.
However, some economists believe that the controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.
In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an
apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent
cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after
a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits.
Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new
buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who
need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of
apartments in the city.
Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal
government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally
look for unskilled, low paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers.
They will replace workers with machinery. The price which is the wage that employers want decreases.
Thus, the critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may
find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers
cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept
jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent
control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if "other things are equal". Economists
do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some
economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there
are no simple answers to economic questions.
B. worry those who rent apartments as homes
C. increase the profits of landlords
D. encourage landlords to invest in building apartments
B. if the minimum wage is set too low
C. if the workers are unskilled
D. if the maximum wage is set
B. the possible results of government controls
C. the necessity of government controls
D. the urgency of getting rid of government controls
be sold during this festival for lovers, the biggest day of the year for the nation"s rose industry. It"s going
to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style.
Yes, a rose is a rose. But selling them is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops.
Supermarkets now offer convenience to the busy and discount rose shops help those hopelessly in love
save money. Roses Only is a good example of a discount rose retailer that was transformed from a
traditional shop to answer the challenge in the 90"s.
Inside this store on Sixth Avenue near 40th Street, contemporary white furniture and wall-to-wall
mirrors give it an expensive look. Customers move about freely among the counters, looking eagerly at the
roses in more than 50 colors from shelf to shelf. Some customers say it"s the high quality of the roses that
attracts them there. "I spent ＄20 but the flowers looked like I paid 60 or 70 dollars," says one customer.
Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, twos and threes these days. In fact, more than half
of all roses are sold in bunches of fewer than a dozen. But Roses Only"s low prices encourage people to
spend. Even on Valentine"s Day, when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150, 12
of Roses Only"s most expensive flowers sell for just ＄35. The company"s key to success is to hold prices
down by controlling every link in the rose chain. It grows its own roses in the sunshine of the Andes
Mountains. In addition, the company also sells other items such as balloons and stuffed animals.
While discount rose retailers are witnessing their business bloom, U.S. rose growers aren"t able to
compete with the fierce foreign competition. More than 57% of roses sold in the USA are grown in other
countries. The biggest foreign producers are Colombia and Ecuador, which accounted for almost 90% of
the total imported last year. The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California,
considered to be this country"s leading producer.
Now, instead of fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. "We have a few
big fighting overseas rivals, the Johnsons are trying to work with them. We may also widen our business
to include the service area and be a representative for overseas flower producers."
As a result of severe competition, those in the rose business long for the good old days, whereas ordinary
people benefit from the low price.
B. The rose will remain the most popular flower as love never goes out of date.
C. The rose business is trying to meet the challenges in the market to succeed.
D. The rose industry plays an important role in American economy.
B. By selling roses in supermarkets.
C. By selling high quality roses at a low price.
D. By selling roses by the dozen.
B. 
C. 
D. 
B. almost 90% of roses sold in US are imported from Colombia and Ecuador
C. US rose growers are faced with intense foreign competition
D. the Johnsons are trying to co-operate with foreign competitors instead of fighting them
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