A. Varieties of college dictionaries |
| 阅读理解。 |
| Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. Many roads and places in Singapore (新加坡) are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries-in both the West and the East. Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus-obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel. Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, "Base Basah" means "wet rice" in Malay (马来语). Now why would anyone want to name a road "Wet Rice Road"? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road. A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is "Circular Road" for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like "Paya Lebar Crescent". This road is called a crescent (月 牙) because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again. |
| 1. We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____. |
| A. the government is usually the first to name a place B. many places tend to have more than one name C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named D. people prefer the place names given by the government |
| 2. What does the underlined phrase "die hard" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? |
| A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly. C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly. |
| 3. Which of the following places is named after a person? |
| A. Raffles Place. B. Selector Airbase. C. Piccadilly Circus. D. Paya Lebar Crescent. |
| 4. Bras Basah Road is named _____. |
| A. after a person B. after a place C. after an activity D. by its shape |
| 5. Bras Basah Road is named _____. |
| A. after a person B. after a place C. after an activity D. by its shape |
| 阅读理解。 |
| Liverpool, my hometown, is a unique city. It is so unique that in 2004 it became a World Heritage (遗产) Site. I recently returned to my home city and my first stop was at a museum on the River Mersey. Blanketed in mist (薄雾), Victorian architecture rose from the banks of the river, responded to the sounds of sea-birds, and appeared unbelievably charming. When I headed toward the centre, I found myself surrounded by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe. It is not hard to imagine why, on first seeing the city, most visitors would be overpowered by the beauty of the noble buildings, which are solid signs of Liverpool"s history. As if to stress its cultural role, Liverpool has more museums and galleries (美术馆) than most cities in Britain. At Walker Art Gallery, I was told that it has the best collections of Victorian paintings in the world, and is the home of modern art in the north of England. However, culture is more than galleries. Liverpool offers many music events. As Britain’s No.1 music city, it has the biggest city music festival in Europe, and its musicians are famous all over the world. Liverpool is also well-known for its football and other sports events. Every year, the Mersey River Festival attracts thousands of visitors, making the city a place of wonder. As you would expect from such a city, there are restaurants serving food from around the world. When my trip was about to complete, I chose to rest my legs in Liverpool’s famous Philharmonic pub (酒馆). It is a monument to perfection, and a heritage attraction itself. Being a World Heritage Site, my home city is certainly a place of "outstanding universal value". It is a treasure house with plenty of secrets for the world to explore. |
| 1. Visitors who see the city for the first time would be deeply impressed by _____. |
| A. its charming banks B. its famous museums C. its wonderful palaces D. its attractive buildings |
| 2. The third paragraph is developed mainly by _____. |
| A. providing different examples B. following the order of space C. making comparisons D. analyzing causes |
| 3. The author uses the Philharmonic pub to prove that _____. |
| A. Liverpool is a well-known city for its restaurants B. Liverpool is an impressive place full of attraction C. a pub is a wonderful place for visitors to relax themselves D. a pub is a perfect choice for visitors to complete their journey |
| 4. What is the passage mainly about? |
| A. The universal value of the world heritage in Liverpool B. The exciting experience of the author in Liverpool C. The special cultural atmosphere of Liverpool D. The beautiful historic sites of Liverpool |
| 阅读理解。 |
| The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote (促进) the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed "town criers" to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books. By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants. Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm"s name or product, words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember. Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as "advertising agencies (广告商)." The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the "right" products. |
| 1. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages? |
| A. Merchants were employed to promote products. B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places. C. Product information was included in books. D. Ad signs were put up in towns. |
| 2. What does the word "This" in Paragraph 2 refer to? |
| A. Advertising in newspapers. B. Including pictures in ads. C. Selling goods in markets. D. Working with ad agencies. |
| 3. The 18th century advertising was special in its _____. |
| A. growing spending B. printing materials C. advertising companies D. attractive designs |
| 4. Which of the following might be the best title for the text? |
| A. The Story of Advertising B. The Value of Advertising Designs C. The Role of Newspaper Advertising D. The Development of Printing for Advertising |
| 阅读理解。 |
| There are about a billion bicycles in the world, twice as many as there are cars. But if Karl von Drais, the Baron of Sauerbronn (1785-1851) hadn"t been such a lazy person,the bicycle may never have been invented at all. Although he had a very important title (and was also a qualified and skillful engineer), the Baron was in fact a forest ranger, in other words, a gardener with responsibility for a very large garden. He was in charge of several hundred square kilometers of royal garden and forests in Central Germany. In 1817, he invented a "running machine" that would help him get round the estate more quickly. The machine was made of wood, and had two wheels, which were the same size. The machine had a wooden frame and a leather seat. The rider rode the machine like a horse,but with his feet on the ground. After running for a while, he could then take his feet off the ground and glide along. It was possible to change direction by controlling the front wheel, but there were no brakes! In 1863, a Frenchman called Pierre Lallement attached pedals (踏板) to the front wheel of a bicycle, and the modern idea of a bicycle was born. Every generation sees new designs and new interest in bicycles. Mountain bikes, for example, transformed the way people thought about cycling and introduced a new sport,which was accepted into the Olympics in 1996. New materials such as titanium and carbon fiber are now used to build strong, lightweight machines and combined brake and gear systems have been developed. Englishman Chris Boardman astonished the world in the 1990s with his carbon fiber Lotus bicycle, winning Olympic gold in the 4,000 meters track pursuit (追逐) in Barcelona. More recently, the Great Britain team took several medals at the Athens Olympics. For most people, however, the bicycle remains what it has always been-a pollution-free way of taking exercise and getting from A to B. |
| 1. The underlined word "estate" in Paragraph 3 refers to _____. |
| A. the Baron"s big house B. the mountains in Central Germany C. the forests near the Baron"s house D. the large garden and forests the Baron in charge of |
| 2. Karl von Drais invented the first bicycle _____. |
| A. with wooden wheels and a seat, no pedals B. with two wooden wheels like a wooden horse with pedals C. so he could walk faster around the garden D. to ride downhill with his feet off the ground |
| 3. What kind of gardener does the text suggest the Baron was? |
| A. Someone who took care of forests across Germany. B. Someone responsible for a big estate of loyal forests and gardens. C. Someone responsible for the gardens in the whole of Central Germany. D. Someone who was a qualified engineer looking after running machines. |
| 4. Changes to the bicycle have occurred over the years because of _____. |
| A. the need for mountain bikes B. the need for new kinds of bicycles C. the discovery of useful new materials and new ideas D. the Olympics and competitive cycling sports |