On a hot summer day, a soft drink can really take away your thirst. At home, at
题型：不详难度：来源：
On a hot summer day, a soft drink can really take away your thirst. At home, at school, in the park or at the movies---you can find one almost anywhere.
Carbonated
You can see bubbles(泡沫) in these! Of all soft drinks sold, about 75 percent are carbonated(碳酸的). But be careful, carbonated soft drinks have lots of sugar and caffeine(咖啡因). Caffeine is not very good for you in the summer because it takes water out of your body. And the sugar can make you overweight if you drink too much.
Fruit juice
There are different kinds of juice. One kind is made only from fresh fruit. This kind of fruit juice may not taste sweet enough for some people, but it is nutritious(有营养的). Another kind of fruit juice tastes good but has lots of sugar in it. Many young people buy this kind because the advertisements are good. It is bad for your teeth and bones to drink lots of this.
Energy drinks
These kinds of drinks have caffeine and things that make people get excited in them. They are sometimes called “party drinks”. Doctors say that if you drink too much of this kind, you may have a heart attack.
Bottled water
We have lots of different kinds of bottled water, such as mineral water, purified water and distilled water(蒸馏水). They are clean and easy to drink. But it is best not to drink very cold water. It may make your stomach feel bad.
Sports drinks
Most of these have funny names like “Scream(尖叫)” and “G-Vital(激活)”. They have lots of vitamins and minerals in them. After you play sports, you may want to drink one of these.
But if you just spend your summer holiday sitting around watching TV, you won’t need them at all!
小题1:Which two types of drinks may make you overweight?| A．Carbonated and fruit juice. | | B． Energy drinks and sports drinks. | | C．Carbonated and energy drinks. | | D．Fruit juice and bottled water. |
小题2: Which one may lead to your heart disease?| A．Carbonated. | B．Fruit juice. | | C．Energy drinks. | D．Sports drinks |
小题3: After sports, you have sports drinks because______.| A．they can take away your thirst | | B．they can put back minerals you’ve lost in sweat | | C．they have funny names that sound very exciting | | D．they have no sugar |
小题4:The writer wrote this passage to______.| A．warn us to keep away from soft drinks | | B．teach us some useful ways of keeping healthy | | C．tell us how to choose a good one from all kinds of drinks | | D．make the advertisements for soft drinks |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了各种各样的饮料，目的是告诉我们怎样从众多的饮料中挑选一款好的饮料。
小题1:细节题：根据Caffeine is not very good for you in the summer because it takes water out of your body. And the sugar can make you overweight if you drink too much.可知糖能使人超重，而碳酸饮料和一些果汁中都含糖，故选A。
小题2:细节题：根据Energy drinks， Doctors say that if you drink too much of this kind, you may have a heart attack.可知能量饮料会引发心脏病，故选C。
小题3:细节题：根据They have lots of vitamins and minerals in them. After you play sports, you may want to drink one of these.可知体育活动后，喝运动饮料可以补充流汗时丢失的矿物质，故选B。
小题4:主旨题：根据全文内容以及On a hot summer day, a soft drink can really take away your thirst. At home, at school, in the park or at the movies---you can find one almost anywhere.
可知作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们怎样从众多的饮料中挑选一款好的饮料，故选C。 |
举一反三
More and more people take part in marathons these days – over 30,000 people will run the London Marathon this weekend, for instance. But it’s not just the 26 miles and 385 yards that could be a daunting prospect. “I have to admit to being completely frustrated by the blocking and for 18-19 miles was just keeping away from people and being held up,” one participant grumbled after the 2012 London Marathon. “I had to overtake a lot of people and ended up with bruised（淤肿的）forearms from all the elbows,” said another.
How do such crowding problems arise, and could they be reduced? Some researchers believe that we can find the answers through a more familiar system in which jams appear – road traffic flow. Martin Treiber, of the Technical University of Dresden in Germany, has previously developed models for traffic flow. One of the first attempts to model traffic flow was made in the 1950s by James Lighthill and his collaborator Gerard Whitham of Manchester University. They considered the traffic as a kind of liquid flowing down a pipe, and looked at how the flow changes as the fluid gets denser(浓稠). At first the flow rate increases as the density increases, since you simply get more stuff through in the same period of time. But if the density becomes too high, there’s a risk of jams, and the flow rate drops sharply.
Treiber’s model of a marathon uses this same principle that the flow rate first increases and then decreases as the density of runners increases, thanks to an sudden switch from free to crowded flow. He assumes that there is a range of different preferred speeds for different runners, which each maintains throughout the race. With just these factors, Treiber can calculate the flow rate of runners, knowing the “carrying capacity”(承载能力)at each point on the route.
This allows Treiber to figure out how blocking might depend on the race conditions – for example, for different starting procedures. Some marathons start by letting all the runners set off at once (which means those at the back have to wait until those in front have moved forward). Others assign runners to various groups according to ability, and let them start in a series of waves.
Treiber has applied the model to the annual Rennsteig half-marathon in central Germany, which attracts around 6,000 participants. The traditional route had to be changed in 2013, because the police were no longer willing to close a road to ensure that runners could cross safely. It could pass either over a 60m wooden bridge or through a tunnel. Treiber used his model to predict the likely blocking caused in the various options. The model predicted that a mass start would risk an overload of runners if the bridge were to be used. Only by moving the starting point further back from the bridge could the danger be avoided – and even then, if some of the numbers assumed in the model were only slightly inaccurate, there was still a risk of jams at the bridge. On the other hand, no dangerous blocking seemed likely for the tunnel route. The run organizers consulted Treiber’s team, and eventually chose this option.
小题1:What is the worst thing while running a marathon?| A．The long distance. | B．Too many participants. | | C．The dangerous blocking. | D．Serious injuries in forearms. |
小题2:Which of the following statements is true?| A．James Lighthill is the first expert trying to model traffic flow. | | B．The denser the flow is, the faster the flow rate becomes. | | C．The flow rate increases in the beginning because fewer people passed together. | | D．The flow rate increases first and then decreases later when the flow is too denser. |
小题3:What is NOT true about the Rennsteig?| A．It has much less participants than the London Marathon in 2014. | | B．It has a shorter distance than the London Marathon. | | C．The route was changed because the traditional one is not safe any longer. | | D．The participants running this marathon will pass a tunnel because this choice is safer. |
小题4:What’s the main idea of the passage?| A．Make a comparison between marathon and road traffic. | | B．Running a marathon is somewhat dangerous if it is not well organized. | | C．Introduce a new technology to solve the blocking problem in marathon. | | D．Some advice for people who are to run a marathon. |
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阅读下面短文 , 掌握其大意 , 然后从每题所给的 A , B , C , D四个选项中选出最佳答案 .
Travelers to new cities are often told to start their trip with a bus tour．It is said that they can then get a full view of the places that _____them．Nonsense! What you see from the ___ of a moving bus is _____and completely removed from the real sights，sounds，and_____ outside．Be adventurous! The best ______to experience any place is on foot and with absolutely no travel plan．______ go wherever your feet and your interests______ you．You finally will get to the _____ sites as you are on the bus tour—the museums, the monuments，the city hall—but you will have seen much more．You will have______the present life of the city．
“But what if I get lost?” people might ask．No one ever gets ______lost in a major city．
At first, you can find your way back to a(n) ______location．If it ____ you to“lost”，just find a taxi and go back to where you started．However， ______ things can happen if you get lost．You can _____ at a sidewalk cafe to sit and relax．You can ask the local people at the next table about the directions．And _____they don’t speak your language．your trip becomes more memorable because of the _____．Here are a few more
ways to get the most out of your travel．
Know before you go．______a few hours before your trip learning about the history and culture of your destination．This will help you understand what you’re seeing．
Move around like a local．Use the subways and buses of the city you’re _______．You’ll not only save money，but you’ll also learn how people really live．
Check the bulletin boards(布告牌)．Sometimes you can find advertisements for free concert，and _____fun activities on bulletin boards around universities．
So next time you see a poster advertising an introductory ______tour，save your money．Instead，wander on your own．I promise you a time you’ll remember with great pleasure．
| 小题1: | | A．remembered | B．disappointed | C．reminded | D．interested |
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| 小题2: | | A．front | B．inside | C．back | D．center |
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| 小题3: | | A．invisible | B．uncertain | C．uncommon | D．unreal |
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| 小题4: | | A．smells | B．cities | C．beauties | D．views |
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| 小题5: | | A．suggestion | B．thought | C．way | D．tip |
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| 小题6: | | A．Particularly | B．Simply | C．Generally | D．Especially |
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| 小题7: | | A．move | B．lead | C．tell | D．help |
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| 小题8: | | A．same | B．mistaken | C．correct | D．different |
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| 小题9: | | A．left | B．lived | C．felt | D．lost |
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| 小题10: | | A．terribly | B．seriously | C．finally | D．hopelessly |
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| 小题11: | | A．unknown | B．strange | C．well—known | D．beautiful |
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| 小题12: | | A．supposes | B．frightens | C．delights | D．surprises |
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| 小题13: | | A．worst | B．hardest | C．happiest | D．nicest |
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| 小题14: | | A．stop | B．get | C．arrive | D．reach |
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| 小题15: | | A．even if | B．as a result | C．in fact | D．in case |
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| 小题16: | | A．conversation | B．experience | C．talk | D．coffee |
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| 小题18: | | A．seeing | B．going | C．visiting | D．walking |
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| 小题19: | | A．other | B．another | C．others | D．the other |
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| 小题20: | | A．plane | B．car | C．train | D．bus |
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What could be cuter than your puppy giving his doggy friend a kiss on the nose? Nothing，really．But is your dog actually planting a kiss on his friend? Yes，but that’s only one of the reasons your dog may lick another dog’s nose．Here are some other reasons why your dog may lick another dog’s nose．
During an introduction，a shy and lower-ranking dog will lower his head，avoid direct eye contact and gently extend his tongue to lick the nose of a more confident and high-ranking dog．The first dog licks the nose of the second dog to simply make it know that：he comes in peace．
Dogs who are already friends will also trade kisses．Two strongly bonded dog pals will lick and clean each other．They give each other “dog kisses” showing friendship．
Puppies also “kiss” their mothers，but it"s not a gesture of love．When puppies stop suckling(吸吮)their mothers’ tits for milk and start to eat semisolid(半固体)food instead；they lick their mothers’ mouths and noses in the hope of getting the mother to regurgitate(反哺) some semi-digested food．
So how to help your bashful dog make friends with other dogs? You can carefully select confident-but-friendly and good-tempered dogs to play with your shy dog，to help him develop his social skills．Also consider taking him to a special training class that focuses on socialization and positive training technique．
Do not disturb them when your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other．Sit back and enjoy this display of friendship．Then call them over and have them do a command such as “sit’’ or “shake paws”．Offer them treats as a reward for being good to each other．
If you foster(收养)a dog and have three or more resident dogs，introduce the foster dog to your brood dog one at a time and let muzzle licking between them happen naturally．Start with your least reactive or most friendly dog．Never force an in production between the dogs because this can deepen the foster dog’s submissiveness or spark a fight．
小题1:We know a shy and lower—ranking dog licks the nose of a higher-ranking dog to ．| A．ask the dog for help | B．show he is friendly | | C．show his anger | D．show his respect for him |
小题2:What can we know about two dogs who are already friends?| A．They seldom give each other kisses． | | B．They usually avoid direct eye contact． | | C．They like keeping their friendship a secret． | | D．They show their friendship by “dog kisses”． |
小题3:What does the underlined word “bashful” in Paragraphs 5 mean?| A．Shy． | B．Honest． | C．Lovely． | D．Little． |
小题4:What should you do if your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other?| A．Ask them to stay away from each other immediately． | | B．Ask them to shake tails． | | C．Ask them to have a fight． | | D．Give them a reward for being friends． |
小题5:The writer wrote this passage to_________．| A．tell us about a study he did recently | | B．explain why a dog kisses other dogs | | C．tell us how to raise dogs | | D．help us to make friends with dogs. |
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Some people can stay up all night and still get work done the next day.I"m not one of them.After a night without enough sleep, I feel badtempered.I have trouble remembering things.And all I want to do is to crawl into bed and sleep.
How do you feel after you"ve stayed up late to finish schoolwork? Or the day after an overnight party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes.
New research suggests that a gene called “period 3” affects how well you function without sleep.The “period 3” gene comes in two forms：short and long.Everyone has two copies of the gene.So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each.Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you.
Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of “period 3”．Study participants had to stay awake 40 hours straight.Then，they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed on screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers.
Results showed that the people with the short form of “period 3” performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did.In both groups，people performed worst in the early morning.
After the first round of experiments，participants were finally allowed to sleep.People in the group that performed well on the tests (those with the short form of “period 3”) took about 18 minutes to nod off.
People with the long “period 3” gene, by contrast, fell asleep in just 8 minutes.They also spent more time on deep sleep.That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working in top form.
I think I must have the long form of“period 3”．What about you?
小题1:The purpose of this passage might be________.| A．to tell us the importance of plenty of sleep | | B．to tell the result of a research on sleepy gene | | C．to inform the harm of lacking sleep | | D．to announce the sleeping rules of humans |
小题2:Which of the following decides how well you perform without sleep? | A．One short form. | | B．One long copy. | | C．One short and two long copies. | | D．Period 3. |
小题3:What kind of people need less sleep according to the research?| A．Those with two long copies of the gene. | | B．Those with two short copies of the gene. | | C．Those with one short and one long copy of the gene. | | D．Those with three short copies of the gene. |
小题4:If one lacks enough sleep，one should avoid doing important or dangerous things ________.| A．at dawn | B．at night | | C．in the afternoon | D．at noon |
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On this Christmas Day I had the wonderful opportunity to see the true spirit of Christmas.
My big family always ____ presents together at the start of the New Year and have done so in this way for more than 40 years. Since the beginning, my grandfather and grandmother have ____ their children and cousins on this day in their small farmhouse.
With 13 ____ and uncles and more than 30 cousins in this group, there were usually more than 50 people in the room to exchange gifts. Because of the activity, the flying wrapping paper, so many people and the limited space of a 65-year-old farmhouse living room, most of the individual moments went ____.
My nephew, Jack (9 year old), who was walking by my 5-year-old cousin, Seth, in the Christmas chaos, noticed that Seth was crying. Jack ____ to ask him what was wrong and why he was crying. Seth ____ that he didn’t receive any toys!
Almost without _____, Jack looked down to the only two toys he had received, and _____ Seth with his best toy! He said, “Here, you can have this one. I don’t have to have it. I have other toys I can play with at home.”
Tears were welling up in my eyes! I was moved by this huge act of _____. I was so _____ of my nephew and what he had done when he thought no one else was looking.
I gave him a huge _____ and told him that he had demonstrated(演示) the true _____ of Christmas!
| 小题1: | | A．choose | B．exchange | C．return | D．borrow |
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| 小题2: | | A．entertained | B．celebrated | C．praised | D．advertised |
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| 小题3: | | A．leaders | B．guides | C．aunts | D．partners |
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| 小题4: | | A．undoubted | B．unnoticed | C．unfinished | D．unchanged |
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| 小题5: | | A．changed | B．forgot | C．stepped | D．stopped |
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| 小题6: | | A．reacted | B．responded | C．applauded | D．disturbed |
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| 小题7: | | A．smile | B．gesture | C．happiness | D．thought |
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| 小题8: | | A．introduced | B．produced | C．described | D．presented |
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| 小题9: | | A．kindness | B．honesty | C．courage | D．strength |
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| 小题10: | | A．aware | B．proud | C．certain | D．ashamed |
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| 小题12: | | A．meaning | B．feeling | C．ending | D．greeting |
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