Researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and fake (假的) happines
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Researchers found that walking around with a forced smile and fake (假的) happiness simply leads to people feeling unhappier. So, putting a brave face on your sadness could be harmful. The research also found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy.
Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can result in bad outcomes. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional tiredness, and that’s bad for the organization.” He also said the research showed customer-service workers who had “fake smiles” throughout the day fell into a bad mood and didn’t want to work, so their productivity dropped.
The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional expressions over a period of time and compare the different effects on men and women. Dr. Scott’s team examined the effects of “surface acting”, or fake smiling, compared to “deep acting”, or making people smile by thinking of peasant memories.
Dr. Scott said, “Women were harmed more by surface acting, meaning their moods worsened even more than men’s. However, they were helped more by deep acting, which means their moods improved more by thinking of pleasant memories. ”
According to Dr. Scott, women tend to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they are expected to be more emotionally expressive than men. Therefore, forcing a smile while feeling down is more likely to go against their normal behavior and cause more harmful feelings.
Although deep acting can improve moods a little in the short term, Dr. Scott says, it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy. “There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period you start to feel unreal. You’re trying to develop positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself any more.”
小题1:According to the passage, Dr. Scott’s study ______.| A．is supported by some big employers in the USA | | B．is meaningful as there haven’t been many similar ones | | C．examined more women than men for a long time | | D．aimed to make the employees more productive |
小题2:Women suffer more from fake happiness mainly because ______.| A．they usually turn up shy in public places | | B．they should be more emotionally expressive | | C．they are often treated in a terrible way | | D．they like thinking of pleasant memories |
小题3:It is implied in the passage that deep acting _____.| A．doesn’t have any effect on men | | B．cannot improve our moods in any case | | C．harms our feelings in the long run | | D．pleases people by feeling like another person |
小题4:What is the best title for the passage?| A．Fake smiling makes people unhappy. | | B．Women shouldn’t be forced to smile. | | C．An important suggestion for workers. | | D．Why people don’t want to work. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:C |
解析
文章讲述的是一项研究表明，不是真心的笑会影响工人的工作效率，因此给工人提供了一些建议。
小题1:推理判断题，根据第二段的 throughout the day fell into a bad mood and didn’t want to work, so their productivity dropped可知，该研究的最终目的是提高工人的生产效率。
小题2:推理判断题，根据倒数第二段的 women tend to suffer more when pretending to be happy because they are expected to be more emotionally expressive than men可知
小题3:推理判断题，根据文章最后一段可知，deep acting短期是好的，但是从长期角度看还是有害的。
小题4:主旨大意题，文章讲述的是提高工人工作效率的一些心情方面的建议。 |
举一反三
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Therefore, the choice of an __36__ should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, __37__, most people make several job choices during their working lives, __38__ because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve __39__ position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should __40__ enter into a broad flexible training program that will __41__ them for a field of work rather than for a single __42__ .
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans __43__ benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing __44__ about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss __45__. Some drift from job to job. Others __46__ to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for __47__ real or imagined prestige .
Too many high-school students - or their parents for them - choose the professional field, __48__ both the relatively small percentage of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal __49__. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a White-collar job is __50__ good reason for choosing it as life"s work. __51__, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large percentage of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the __52__ of young people should take serious __53__ into these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants __54__ life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take __55__ for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
| 小题1: | | A．identification | B．accommodation | C．occupation | D．entertainment |
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| 小题2: | | A．thereby | B．however | C．though | D．therefore |
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| 小题3: | | A．thoroughly | B．mainly | C．entirely | D．partly |
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| 小题5: | | A．therefore | B．since | C．furthermore | D．forever |
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| 小题6: | | A．fit | B．make | C．take | D．leave |
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| 小题7: | | A．means | B．job | C．way | D．company |
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| 小题8: | | A．to | B．for | C．with | D．without |
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| 小题9: | | A．little | B．few | C．much | D．a lot |
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| 小题10: | | A．chance | B．purpose | C．basis | D．opportunity |
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| 小题11: | | A．apply | B．appeal | C．turn | D．stick |
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| 小题13: | | A．concerning | B．following | C．ignoring | D．considering |
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| 小题14: | | A．preferences | B．requirements | C．tendencies | D．ambitions |
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| 小题16: | | A．Therefore | B．Moreover | C．Nevertheless | D．However |
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| 小题17: | | A．majority | B．mass | C．minority | D．number |
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| 小题18: | | A．proposal | B．suggestion | C．approval | D．consideration |
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| 小题19: | | A．towards | B．out of | C．against | D．without |
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| 小题20: | | A．turns | B．parts | C．risks | D．choices |
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Our spiritual intelligence quotient（精神智商）,or SQ, helps us understand ourselves, and live fuller, happier lives.
Though we"re all born with SQ, most of us don"t even realize that we have it. Fortunately, you don"t have to sign up for classes to learn how to improve your SQ. Here are some simple steps that can lead you to this new level of understanding.
Sit Quietly. The process of developing spiritual intelligence begins with solitude（独处）and silence. To tune in to your spirit, you have to turn down the volume（强度）in your busy, noisy, complicated life and force yourself to do nothing at all. Start small by creating islands for silence in your day. In the car, instead of listening to the music, use the time to think. At work, shut the door to your office between meetings, take a few breaths and let them out very, very slowly. Enjoy the stillness in your home after the kids are finally in bed.
Step Outside. For many people, nature sets their spirit free. Go outside to watch a beautiful sunset. If you are walking with the dog, take the time to admire flowers in bloom; follow the flight of a bird and watch clouds float overhead.
Ask Questions of Yourself. Ask open-ended questions, such as "What am I Feeling? What are my choices? Where am I heading?"
But don"t expect an answer to arrive through some supernatural forms of e-mail. “Rarely do I get an immediate answer to my question,” says Reverend Joan Carter, a Presbyterian minister in Sausalito, California. “But later that day I suddenly find myself thinking about a problem in a perspective（角度） I never considered before.”
Trust Your Spirit. While most of us rely on gut（本能的）feeling to realize danger, spiritual intelligence pushes us, not away from, but towards some action that will lead to a greater good.
小题1:The passage is mainly about______.| A．what your SQ is and in what way it can benefit our life | | B．what your SQ is and in what way it can be improved | | C．the relationship between your SQ and your life | | D．advantages and disadvantages of SQ |
小题2:The underlined phrase "to tune in to your spirit" in the third paragraph probably
means to_________| A．get your spirit relaxed | B．keep up your spirit | | C．keep seated quietly | D．change your spirit |
小题3:From the passage, we can know that the most important thing to improve your SQ is______| A．a peaceful mind | B．deep thought | | C．spare time and hobbies | D．good spirits |
小题4:According to the passage, which of the following is True?| A．Not everyone has SQ. | | B．You have to go to classes to learn how to improve your SQ. | | C．SQ leads us to take wrong actions. | | D．SQ can benefit our life. |
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Some people argue that the pressures on international sportsmen and sportswomen kill the essence(本质) of sport-seeking for personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. A single person’s representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation’s hopes, dreams and fame.
A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world’s most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the greatest of international sporting success. Mention “Argentina” to someone and the chances are that he’ll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup “put Argentina on the map”.
Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational(失去理性的) about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1996. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses and spent all their money traveling to Argentina where the finals were played.
So am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sports? Certainly not! Do the Argentineans really believe that because eleven of their men proved that most skillful at football, their nation is in every way better than all others? Not really. But it’s known that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.
小题1:What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage?| A．To explain the role of sport | | B．To compare Scotland with Argentina | | C．To show that Argentina is better than all others. | | D．To prove that football is the world’s most important sport. |
小题2:According to the passage, Argentina is world famous because of its ____.| A． clear position on the map | | B． successes in the football World Cup | | C． excellence at all important sports | | D．large number of sports fans and supporters |
小题3:According to the passage, if a sportsman thinks about winning, he will ____.| A．be irrational | B．be successful | | C．fail to succeed | D．lose enjoyment |
小题4:What is the writer’s attitude towards international games?| A．Nations that meet on football are unlikely to meet on a battle field. | | B．Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least. | | C．Nations that win the football World Cup are considered as best in all ways. | | D．Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways. |
小题5: From this passage, we can infer that ____.| A．We should learn from England | | B．We should play football only for fun, not for fame | | C．We should learn from Argentina | | D．We should give chances for other countries to win the World Cup |
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Can you understand the beginning of this article?
“My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & 3 kds FTF.”
The Scottish teacher who received it in class had no idea what the girl who wrote it meant. The essay was written in a form of English used in cell phone text messages. Text messages (also called SMS2) through cell phones became very popular in the late 1990s. At first, mobile phone companies thought that text messaging would be a good way to send messages to customers, but customers quickly began to use the text messaging service to send messages to each other. Teenagers in particular enjoyed using text messaging, and they began to create a new language for messages called texting.
A text message is limited to 160 characters, including letters, spaces, and numbers, so messages must be kept short. In addition, typing on the small keypad of a cell phone is difficult, so it’s common to make words shorter. In texting, a single letter or number can represent a word, like “r” for “are,” “u” for “you,” and “2” for “to.” Several letters can also represent a phrase, like “lol” for “laughing out loud.” Another characteristic of texting is the leaving out of letters in a word, like spelling “please” as “pls.”
Some parents and teachers worry that texting will make children bad spellers and bad writers. The student who wrote the essay at the top of this page said writing that way was more comfortable for her. (The essay said, “My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three kids face to face.”)
Not everyone agrees that texting is a bad thing. Some experts say languages always evolve, and this is just another way for English to change. Other people believe texting will disappear soon. New technology for voice messages may soon make text messages a thing of the past.
小题1:What is the writer’s opinion of text messaging? | A．It is fun and easy to do. | | B．It is not bad for children. | | C．It will make children bad writers. | | D．The writer does not give an opinion. |
小题2:Which way of texting is NOT described in the passage?| A．Using phrases to represent essays | | B．Using numbers to represent words | | C．Using letters to represent phrases | | D．Using letters to represent words |
小题3:Which of the following was most probably the title of the student’s essay?| A．My Gr8 Tchr | B．CU in LA | C．My GF | D．My Smmr Hols |
小题4:Why do some people think that texting is bad?| A．It has been replaced by voice message | | B．It’s too difficult to type. | | C．Teenagers won’t learn to write correctly. | | D．It’s not comfortable. |
小题5:Why aren’t some people worried about the effect of texting?| A．Not many people use texting. | | B．Spelling in English is too difficult. | | C．Teenagers quickly become bored with texting. | | D．Texting will disappear because of new technology. |
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Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself.
The expression to be in hot water is a very old expression. Hot water was used five hundred years ago to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.
That no longer happens. But we still get in hot water. When we are in hot water, we are in trouble. It can be any kind of trouble—serious or not so serious. A person who breaks a law can be in hot water with the police. A young boy can be in hot water with his mother, if he walks in the house with dirty shoes.
Beingin deep water is almost the same as being in hot water. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult position.
To keep your head above water is a colorful expression that means staying out of debt. A company seeks to keep its head above water during economic hard times. A man who loses his job tries to keep his head above water until he finds a new job.
Water over the dam is another expression about a past event. It is something that is finished. It cannot be changed. The expression comes from the idea that water that has flowed over a dam cannot be brought back again.
Another common expression to hold water, is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. It probably comes from a way of testing the condition of a container.; If it can hold water, it is strong and has no holes in it. If your argument can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes.
Throwing cold water also is an expression that deals with ideas or suggestions. It means to not like an idea. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But your wife throws cold water on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much.
小题1:If Robert says he is in deep water, we may guess_________.| A．he is swimming under the water | | B．he is tired of changing shoes | | C．he nearly breaks a law | | D．he faces a difficult choice |
小题2:What can you say to your friend Jane, who is troubled by a mistake she has made?| A．Keep your head above water. | | B．Throw cold water. | | C．It is water over the dam. | | D．It can hold water. |
小题3:If your argument doesn’t hold water, then it is _________.| A．weak | B．convincing | C．logical | D．disappointing |
小题4:The passage explains the origins of the following expressions EXCEPT_________.| A．to be in hot water | | B．to keep your head above water | | C．water over the dam | | D．to hold water |
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