One of the requirements of every graduation ceremony speaker is that they offer
题型：不详难度：来源：
One of the requirements of every graduation ceremony speaker is that they offer some advice. Well, get ready, here it comes.
Soon you will be leaving the company of those who think they have all the answers –your professors, instructors and counselors-and going out into what we like to call the real world. In time you will meet up with other people who think they have all the answers. These people are called bosses. My advice is: humor them.
A little later you’ll meet additional people who think they have all the answers.
These are called spouses (配偶) . My advice is: humor them, too.
And of all goes well, in a few years you will meet still another group of people who think they have all the answers. These are called children. Humor them.
Life will go on, your children will grow up, go to school and someday they could be taking part in a graduation ceremony just like this one. And who knows, the speakers responsible for handing out good advice might be you. Halfway through your speech, the graduate sitting next to your daughter will lean over and ask, “Who is that woman up there who thinks she has all the answers?”
Well, thanks to the reasonable advice you are hearing today and that I hope you will all pass on, she will be able to say, “That is my mother. Humor her.”
小题1:According to the text, at a graduation ceremony you’ll most probably hear ________ given by the speaker.| A．wishes | B．proposals | | C．warnings | D．instructions |
小题2:Among the people mentioned who think they have all the answers, which of the following are not referred to?| A．teaching staff | B．company staff members | | C．recreational and sports person | D．family members |
小题3: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the expression “have all the answers”?| A．know a great deal about something through man’s life | | B．know all the keys to any test before any graduation | | C．be clever enough to do anything well in school | | D．be experienced in giving advice on any subject |
小题4: What should you do with those who think they know all the answers according to the writer?| A．Argue with them to keep them angry | | B．Keep them happy by accepting their wishes | | C．Refuse them to make them complain | | D．Turn deaf ears to them |
小题5: What is the best title for the passage?| A．The Requirement Of Speakers | B．How to Offer Advice | | C．Humour them! | D．To Hell with them! |
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答案
小题1:B
小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:B
小题1:C |
解析
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举一反三
Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earth’s climate. Oceans cover 70 per cent of the surface of the globe and store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does. What’s newer is the understanding of how this key component(组成部分) of our climate system responds to global warming.
A brake on global warming—for now
One of the oceans’ most important climate functions is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide(CO2), one of the gases that causes global warming. Acting as something absorbing heat, the oceans have absorbed huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years.
Fujita explains, “the oceans are saving us from faster climate change—they are putting a brake on the climate system.”
“That’s the good news,” he adds. “The bad news is that the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming. Once the oceans come to balance with a greenhouse-gas warmed earth, the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much hotter.” But where and how the oceans release this slowly increased heat is uncertain. And as the ocean stores heat, fragile(脆弱的) underwater ecosystems are struggling.
The most recent scientific report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) also notes with concern that the ocean is acidifying(酸化) because of increased absorption of atmospheric CO2. and thus causing a threat to shell-forming species. Sharp increase in CO2 levels will cause further acidification of the ocean.
Currents distributing heat
Another important role the oceans play is that of distributor(散布者). Oceans deliver heat and life-sustaining nutrition around the globe. Just as blood tube bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body, the ocean’s currents carry oxygen, nutrients and heat throughout the Earth. The ocean distributes 25 to 50 per cent of energy the planet receives from the sun. For example, the Gulf Stream carries heat across the Atlantic. This warm current gives northwestern European a milder climate that it would normally have so far north. A change to the ocean’s circulation patterns could throw Europe into a colder period, even as the rest of the world is experiencing warmer temperatures.
小题1: We can infer from the passage that _______.| A．the oceans cause global warming | B．the oceans stop global warming | | C．the oceans release nutrients and heat | D．the ocean ecosystems face more dangers |
小题2: From the passage we can learn that ocean’s currents _______.
- produce oxygen andnutrients around
- absorb 25-50% ofthe energy from the sun
- distribute theatmosphere hotter
D. change the ocean’s circulation patterns
小题3: Which of the following are the results of the ocean absorbing heat and CO2?
a. It causes further acidification.
b. It makes the atmosphere hotter.
c. It balances the oceans with a green-house gas.
d. It affects shell-forming species.
e. It makes the oceans act as a heat sponge.
f. It controls the Earth’s climate.| A．a-c-f | B．a-d-f | C．b-d-e | D．b-c-e |
小题4: If the ocean’s circulation pattern changed, ______.| A．Asia would suffer a hotter climate. | | B．Europe would become hotter | | C．the rest of the world would become warmer. | | D．the climate of Europe would become colder. |
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“Cheese” — a metaphor (隐喻) for what we want to have in life，whether it is a job, a relationship, or money.
Each of us has our own __26__of what cheese is, and we want to __27__it because we believe it makes us __28__.
Once there lived four little characters. Two were __29__named Sniff and Scurry and two were little people named Hem and Haw.
Every morning, the mice and the little people __30_their running wear and went to Cheese Station C __31__they found their cheese. It was such a large store(仓库) of cheese that Hem and Haw __32__moved their homes to be closer to it.
One morning, Sniff and Scurry arrived at Cheese Station C and discovered there was __33__cheese. They weren’t surprised. __34__they had noticed the supply 35 cheese had been getting smaller every day; they were prepared for the result. They set out quickly to __36__new cheese.
Later that same day, Hem and Haw arrived. “What? No cheese! Who moved my cheese?” Hem yelled(叫喊). They went home that night __37__and discouraged.
The next day Hem and Haw __38__to Cheese Station C. But the situation hadn’t changed. Haw asked, “Do Sniff and Scurry know something we don’t know?” Hem __39__him and said, “What would they know? They are simple 40 and we are human beings. They cannot be __41__than we are.”
Haw suggested, “Maybe we should 42 talking about the situation and just to look for some new cheese.”
Haw decided to 43 Cheese Station C while Hem was more comfortable staying in the cheese less Station C.
Meanwhile, Sniff and Scurry went farther 44 they found Cheese Station N. They found what they had been looking for. It was the biggest 45 of cheese the mice had ever seen.
小题1:.| A．feeling | | B．idea | | C．worry | | D．hope |
| 小题2:.| A．get | | B．avoid | | C．follow | | D．try |
| | 小题3: | | A．happy | | B．angry | | C．full | | D．worried |
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| | 小题4: | | A．humans | | B．dogs | | C．mice | | D．cats |
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| | 小题5: | | A．put in | | B．took off | | C．gave in | | D．put on |
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| | 小题6: | | A．where | | B．that | | C．which | | D．what |
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| 小题7:.| A．firstly | | B．suddenly | | C．finally | | D．always |
| | | | 小题11:.| A．search for | | B．find | | C．look after | | D．discover |
| 小题12:A. glad
| B hopeful
| C. unsatisfied
| D. excited
| 小题13:.A．returned
 | B．left
| | C．walked | | D．ran |
| | 小题14: | | A．smiled at | | B．laughed at | | C．thought of | | D．praised |
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| | 小题15: | | A．animals | | B．cheese-lovers | | C．thieves | | D．Sniff and Scurry |
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| | 小题16: | | A．more foolish | | B．bigger | | C．smarter | | D．faster |
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| | 小题17: | | A．start | | B．stop | | C．get | | D．enjoy |
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| | | 小题19: | | A．if | | B．unless | | C．when | | D．until |
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| | 小题20: | | A．store | | B．factory | | C．company | | D．Home |
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Animals seem to have the sense (本能) to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need．It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant（香的） flavor (味道) was added to the vitamin-enriched water, the rats did seem to prefer it and kept drinking it ,even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water．In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were．
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria（自助） feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them．They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in．We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet．
So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what"s best for them．Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose. Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could．Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established（长期养成的）habits．Some people eat foxes, dogs and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs．So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them．
53．The expression “the habit” in paragraph 1 refers to drinking water which _______．
A. has no smell B. is tasteless C. has vitamins D. is flavored (有味道的)
小题1:According to the passage, adults eating habits differ from those of babies because _______．| A．adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health | | B．adults usually cannot resist (抵制) the temptation (诱惑) of various delicious foods | | C．adults" eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs | | D．adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns |
小题2:The author implied in the passage that most of us _______．| A．eat a balanced diet | | B．choose the food that is of nutrition | | C．have the habits influenced by the surroundings | | D．like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor． |
小题3:As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that _______．| A．both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet | | B．both prefer flavored food and drink | | C．both have the same eating patterns | | D．both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors |
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In the eyes of dog lovers, the dog is man’s best friend. But for much wildlife, loose dogs may be a dangerous enemy, according to a study by a biologist from Utah State University in the US.
Based on much existing research and their own case studies, Julie Young of Utah State University and four other scientists conclude that loose dogs may represent a huge danger to wildlife, especially endangered species, by hunting down or worrying them and by spreading diseases. They also found that dogs, their worldwide numbers around 500 million, can cause more damage to wildlife and livestock(牲畜) than wolves and other enemies of these animals.
Young gave examples from the US state of Idaho, where research showed the presence of dogs reducing some deer populations. On the Navajo American Indians’ reservation in northeastern Arizona, packs of loose dogs are chasing livestock. They have killed populations of small animals such as rabbits and act as a disease carrier for rabies(狂犬病) among people and other animals, she said. Loose dogs also were to blame for distemper outbreak leading to a die-off of endangered black-footed ferrets in northwestern Wyoming in the 1980s.
The phenomenon is not just limited to US; it’s a global problen. Julie Young once studied three endangered species in central Asia: wild sheep, gazelles and antelope. The rate of injury and death to these animals by loose dogs was very high. In another case, Young found that dogs, not wolves, as originally suspected, were responsible for a large number of livestock killings in the mountainous Basque country between Spain and France.
Authors of the new study said the problem is likely to worsen as communities expand. Then how to deal with it?
Indeed, in many countries, leash(拴狗的皮带) laws permit punishment of dog owners whose pets chase wildlife. But lawbreakers are rarely punished because the police lack both people and money.
Young has low-cost solutions to the problem for dog lovers, though. They include public dog-training programs and vaccinating (预防接种) dogs against rabies and other illnesses.
小题1:. What is the main point of Julie Young’s study?| A．Many species are endangered because they are killed by loose dogs. | | B．Wild dogs are immune to many diseases. | | C．Wolves are still the greatest enemy of livestock. | | D．Loose dogs pose a great danger to wildlife. |
小题2:. Which of the following statements about loose dogs is TRUE according to the research?| A．There are around 500 million loose dogs around the world. | | B．The black-footed ferrets in northwestern Wyoming were once the main food source of local loose dogs. | | C．The problem caused by loose dogs is the most serious in the US. | | D．People used to think that wolves, rather than loose dogs killed livestock in the Basquecountry. |
小题3:. Which of the following is among Julie Young’s solutions to the trouble caused by loose dogs?| A．More strict leash laws | | B．Public dog-training programs. | | C．Vaccinating people against rabies and other illnesses. | | D．More support from the police. |
小题4:. What is the main point of the article?| A．A global disaster caused by loose dogs. | | B．What makes the dog man’s greatest friend. | | C．The problem of loose dogs and the possible solutions. | | D．The danger of the increasing numbers of dogs. |
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We often talk about ourselves as if we have permanent genetic defects （缺陷） that can never be changed. “I’m impatient.” “I’m always behind.” “I always put things 36 !” You’ve surely heard them. Maybe you’ve used them to describe 37 .
These comments may come from stories about us that have been 38 for years—often from 39 childhood. These stories may have no 40 in fact. But they can set low expectations for us. As a child, my mother said to me, “Marshall, you have no mechanical （操作机械的） skills, and you will never have any mechanical ski lls for the rest of your life.” How did these expectations 41 my development? I was never 42 to work on cars or be around 43 . When I was 18, I took the US Army’s Mechanical Aptitude Test. My scores were in the bottom for the entire nation!
Six years later, 44 , I was at California University, working on my doctor’s degree. One of my professors, Dr. Bob Tannbaum, asked me to write down things I did well and things I couldn’t do. On the positive side, I 45 down, “research, writing, analysis, and speaking.” On the 46 side, I wrote, “I have no mechanical skills.”
Bob asked me how I knew I had no mechanical skills. I explained my life 47 and told him about my 48 performance on the Army test. Bob then asked, “ 49 is it that you can solve 50 mathematical problems, but you can’t solve simple mechanical problems?”
Suddenly I realized that I didn’t 51 from some sort of genetic defect. I was just living out expectations that I had chosen to 52 . At that point, it wasn’t just my family and friends who had been 53 my belief that I was mechanically hopeless. And it wasn’t just the Army test, either. I was the one who kept telling myself, “You can’t do this!” I realized that as long as I kept saying that, it was going to remain true. 54 , if we don’t treat ourselves as if we have incurable genetic defects, we can do well in almost 55 we choose.
| 小题2: | | A．yourself | B．myself | C．them | D．others |
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| 小题3: | | A．said | B．repeated | C．spread | D．spoken |
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| 小题4: | | A．as long as | B．as much as | C．as well as | D．as far back as |
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| 小题5: | | A．cause | B．plot | C．basis | D．meaning |
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| 小题6: | | A．affect | B．improve | C．lead | D．change |
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小题7:A hoped B. demanded C. encouraged D. agreed
| 小题8: | | A．means | B．hammers | C．facilities | D．tools |
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| 小题9: | | A．therefore | B．however | C．instead | D．somehow |
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| 小题10: | | A．took | B．turned | C．settled | D．got |
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| 小题11: | | A．negative | B．active | C．passive | D．subjective |
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| 小题12: | | A．roads | B．trips | C．experiences  | D．paths |
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| 小题13: | | A．unexpected | B．average | C．excellent | D．poor |
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| 小题15: | | A．common | B．advanced | C．complex | D．primary |
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| 小题16: | | A．suffer | B．separate | C．arise | D．come |
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| 小题17: | | A．adopt | B．suspect | C．believe | D．receive |
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| 小题18: | | A．weakening | B．accepting | C．abandoning | D．strengthening |
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| 小题19: | | A．As a result | B．On the contrary | C．In addition | D．At the same time |
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| 小题20: | | A．nothing | B．something | C．anything | D．all |
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