While there has been public debate about whether running is good for your health
题型：不详难度：来源：
While there has been public debate about whether running is good for your health for a long time, experts agree that running has more benefits than the costs. Some people are concerned that the pressure on your knees and ankles can be detrimental. While this can be true, there are many things that you can do to reduce your risk of injury.
You should always go to a doctor for advice before you begin any type of exercise program. Then, a good pair of running shoes can be helpful as your feet hit the ground. They will help protect your ankles by providing stability to your feet. So it is good idea to visit a specialty(专业) running shoe store. The staff there can suggest shoes which are ideal for your running style.
In order to learn the proper form, you may get some advice from a friend who has been running for some time, or even join a running club. They can provide good tips as well as some support and encouragement for you.
Lastly, it is important to start out slowly. When it comes to getting in shape and losing weight , short bursts of speed followed by periods of slower movement would be proper. Aim for around 30 minutes of exercise a few days a week. As you get better, you can increase your speed. Always allow your body to rest in between heavy exercise as your muscles need time to bring energy back.
Follow these instructions and your running experience will be a great one!
小题1:In the expert’s opinion,______________________.| A．running is good for your health as well as your mind. | | B．you should buy running shoes in an expensive store. | | C．running has more advantages than disadvantages for you. | | D．you should go to the doctor if you have a running injury |
小题2:The underlines word “ detrimental” in Paragraph 1 probably means___| A．harmful | B．useful | C．expensive | D．rare |
小题3:If you take up running, you should___________________| A．worry about the pressure on your knees and ankles | | B．ask the shopkeeper for a pair of running shoes | | C．take advice from friends whom you will start running with | | D．join a running club so that you can get encouragement |
小题4:What can we infer from the passage?| A．More and more people have become interested in running. | | B．Good running methods can reduce the risk of injury. | | C．It’s better to run as far as possible to lose weight. | | D．The instructions in the passage are given by a famous doctor. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：文章大意：跑步对健康有益，但怎么才能做到正确的锻炼，本文给出一些建议。
小题1:C 细节理解题。根据文章的第一句While there has been public debate about whether running is good for your health for a long time, experts agree that running has more benefits than the costs.可知跑步对健康的好处大于坏处。故C正确。
小题2:A词义推测。此根据后面的句子While this can be true, there are many things that you can do to reduce your risk of injury.可以推测出其含义。故A正确。
小题3:D细节理解题。根据文章第三段or even join a running club. They can provide good tips as well as some support and encouragement for you.可知D正确。 故D正确。
小题4:B 推测题。文章给出一些跑步方面的建议，主要防止在运动中的伤害。故B正确。 |
举一反三
People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.
Researchers used frequent telephone interviews to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the last few weeks. Then they exposed the subjects to the virus, quarantined (检疫隔离) them for five days and kept track of who got sick.
Besides sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”—the percentage of time in bed that you’re actually sleeping—were also less likely to get sick.
The results held true even after researchers adjusted for elements such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies (抗体) to the virus.
The researchers aren’t exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do try to give an answer: “Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of symptom mediators (调节因子) that are released in response to infection.” In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you’re infected with the cold virus contributes to the symptoms that define a cold.
The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
小题1: According to the passage, what does the underlined word “subjects” mean in paragraph 2?| A．areas of knowledge in a school | | B．people being studied in an experiment | | C．research topics | | D．animals being tested |
小题2:It is shown in the passage that _______.| A．the researchers obtain information about the sleep habits by frequent interviews | | B．the researchers do their research in the National Institutes of Health | | C．people hope to avoid being infected with a cold by sleeping as much as possible | | D．sleeping more and better helps regulate the symptom mediators |
小题3:What’s the best title of the passage?| A．The Relationship Between Virus and Cold | | B．How to Sleep Well | | C．Good Sleep Helps Fight a Cold | | D．The More the Sleep, the Better Your Body |
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Work your brain!
Between 2 and 3 pounds of wonder, it controls everything we say, do or think, who we are and what we care about. The way we walk or laugh or figure out things. What we like and the talents we possess. How we see and talk and run and jump and process our food.
The brain uses 20 percent of our body’s oxygen and 20 percent of its blood. Somewhere within its protein, fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells, it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. Change our temperature so we don’t die because of the heat or cold. Speed us up or slow us down. Help us choose between orange juice or orangeflavored drinks.
Its complexity are stunning, far beyond anything most of us can imagine. To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated. Good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. Mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age.
“It’s very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active,” said neurologist Malcolm Stewart.“People cannot stop aging, but you’re able to reduce the damage; you’re able to keep the function up.”
Following are Dr. Stewart’s advice for improving brain health：
Nutrition
| Avoid fast food. Follow the old adage(格言): For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar.
| Exercise
| Do a combination of stretching aerobic and muscle strengthening every day.
| Mental games
| Try to have a sense of hope about the future. Do puzzles. Listen to music. Reach out to others to make their lives better.
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小题1:The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ______.| A．inform us how the brain works | | B．give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy | | C．tell us that the brain plays an important role in our lives | | D．show how special the brain is to us |
小题2:The underlined word “stunning” means ______.| A．interesting | B．strange | C．significant | D．amazing |
小题3:According to the text，more exercise ______.| A．keeps our mind sharp | | B．helps improve our memory | | C．gives our brain a rest | | D．is good for brain cells communicating with each other |
小题4:In order to keep brain healthy，we should avoid ______.| A．eating a good lunch | B．doing puzzles | | C．eating a large supper | D．taking aerobic exercise |
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How often do you go on holiday? Going on holiday makes you feel good while you"re there－you gain the health benefits for months, new research shows.
Jetting off to exotic destinations such as the Maldives cuts your blood pressure, helps you sleep better and bounce back from stress, it found. The benefits last at least a fortnight longer than the vacation and can be felt for months in some cases where it is claimed. Experts say workers should always take their full holiday entitlement each year－as many as one in three don"t－to get the benefits.
The study compared key health markers in holidaymakers visiting Thailand, Peru or the Maldives, with people who stayed at home and continued working. The average blood pressure of those on holiday dropped by 6% while the workers saw their blood pressure rise by 2% over the same period. The sleep quality of holiday-makers improved by 17% while that of the non-holidaymakers deteriorated by 14%.
The study also found the ability of vacationers to recover from stress—known as the stress-resilience test－improved by 29%. There was a 71% fall in stress resilience scores among workers. Test showed a fall in blood glucose levels, reducing the risk of diabetes, trimmer waistlines and enhanced mood and energy levels, with the effects sustained for at least 2 weeks after returning home.
The Holiday Health Experiment was conducted by tour operator Kuoni and Nuffield Health, the UK"s largest healthcare charity.
小题1: The author intends to tell us that _____.| A．it is best to go to foreign countries like Maldives. | | B．we had better go on holiday for the benefits of health | | C．we have to go on holiday as much as possible | | D．you"ll certainly get depressed if you don"t go on holiday |
小题2:According to the article, how many people go on holiday?| A．Two thirds | B．17% | C．One third | D．A quarter |
小题3:The underlined word "deteriorated" in Paragraph 3 probably means "______".| A．remained | B．rose | C．improved | D．worsened |
小题4:Which of the following can we infer from the passage?| A．Holiday makers are more adaptable than non-holidaymakers. | | B．The result of the study is mostly based on the description from the people involved. | | C．The further you go, the better you benefit. | | D．Most people like to stay at home during the holiday. |
小题5:The best title of the passage is ______.| A．A Holiday Health Experiment | B．Key Health Markers in Holidaymakers | | C．Health Benefits from Holiday | D．Health Problems of Having Holiday |
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Having one of those days or weeks when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood(心情) will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster—often within a day or two.
Walk it off
Exercise is the most popular bad mood buster. A person who"s in a bad mood has low energy and high tension. Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or doing some quick exercises can do wonders towards changing the bad mood.
Tune it out
Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tension go away quickly, because music starts connection with past positive experiences we"ve had.
Give yourself a paper talk
Stop and listen to what"s on your mind. Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts. Write them all down on paper, the pessimistic(悲观的) messages you"ve been giving yourself, and then give optimistic answers. (“I still don"t have a job.” vs “I have two interviews next week.”)
Reduce your stress
Relaxation techniques are wonderful moodlifters. These include deep breathing, stretching and visualizing(想像), all of which sound complicated(复杂的) but aren"t. One easy way to visualize: close your eyes and picture a favorite place, such as the beach. Another simple way to distress is to make a todo list. One reason for being in a bad mood is feeling you have no options. By taking control over certain areas, you realize you"re not helpless. You can make changes in your mood and life.
Avoid things that won"t improve your mood
TV may not help much: you need to increase your energy level and stimulate(刺激) your mind—something that the TV show “Neighbors” won"t do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. The better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta(面食), produce calming effects in people who have a desire for them.
小题1:Which of the following may help us stop a bad mood?| A．Doing nothing about it | | B．Exercising and enjoying music. | | C．Writing down negative thoughts | | D．Talking about it with neighbors. |
小题2:Why is it suggested that you close your eyes and picture the beach?| A．It helps remove bad mood. | | B．It brings us a new technique. | | C．It is not complicated to do so. | | D．It is an area to be easily controlled. |
小题3:TV may not improve your mood because it ________.| A．shows what happens around you | B．does not energize you | | C．reminds you of eating and drinking | D．produces a calming effect |
小题4:Which would be the best title for this passage?| A．Energy Level and Stress | B．How to Beat a Bad Mood | | C．Bad Mood and Our Life | D．How to Control Your Feeling |
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Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite that can be caught from cat litter, a study has found.
Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite(刚地弓形虫), which is spread through contact with cat waste or eating undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables, are at increased risk of attempting suicide.
The study involved more than 45,000 women in Denmark. About a third of the world’s population is infected with the parasite, which hides in cells in the brain and muscles, often without producing symptoms.
The infection, which is called toxoplasmosis(弓形虫病), has been linked to mental illness, such as schizophrenia(精神分裂症), and changes in behavior.
The study’s senior author Doctor Teodor Postolache, an associate professor of psychiatry(精神病学) at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the United States, said, “We can’t say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies.”
Doctor Albert Reece, vice president of medical affairs at the University of Maryland, said, “T. gondii infection is a major public health problem around the world, and many people don’t realize they’re infected.
“Dr Postolache is a leading expert on suicide neuroimmunology(神经免疫学). Suicide is a critically important mental health issue. About one million people commit suicide and another 10 million attempt suicide worldwide each year. We hope that this type of research will one day help us find ways to save many lives that now end too early in suicide.”
Dr. Postolache’s research team at the University of Maryland was the first to report a connection between T. gondii and suicidal behavior in 2009. He is cooperating with researchers in Denmark, Germany and Sweden to confirm and investigate the way leading to this association.
The T. gondii parasite thrives in the intestines of cats, and it is spread through their waste. All warm-blooded animals can become infected through contact with it. Humans can become infected by changing their infected cats’ litter boxes, eating unwashed vegetables, drinking water from a polluted source, or by eating undercooked or raw meat.
Not washing kitchen knives after preparing raw meat before handling another food item also can lead to infection. Pregnant women can pass the parasite directly to their unborn babies and are advised not to change cat litter boxes to avoid possible infection.
Babies don’t produce antibodies to T. gondii for three months after they are born, so the antibodies present in their blood represented infection in the mothers. The scientists studied Danish health patients to determine if any of these women later attempted suicide, including cases of violent suicide attempts which may have involved guns, sharp instruments and jumping from high places.
The study found that women infected with T. gondii were one and a half times more likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not infected, and the risk seemed to rise with increasing levels of the T. gondii antibodies.
Dr Postolache noted limitations to the study, such as the inability to determine the cause of the suicidal behavior.
The findings were published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
小题1:The objects of the research are women from _____.| A．Demark | B．the USA | C．Germany | D．Sweden |
小题2:The common way which is more likely to be infected with the disease is _____.| A．to eat unwashed vegetables or undercooked meat | | B．to clean a place where a cat once lived for a time | | C．to pass the infection to her unborn baby during a woman’s pregnancy | | D．to reuse kitchen tools which have been used to cut raw meat |
小题3:What is the consequence if a woman is infected with the parasite in the passage?| A．Having a high fever. | B．Doing deliberate self-harm. | | C．Keeping a depressed mood. | D．Becoming bad tempered. |
53.
小题4: What can be inferred from the passage?| A．Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men. | | B．The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance. | | C．The scientists will continue their research into the possible connection. | | D．The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies. |
小题5:Which of the following statements would probably be the best title of the passage?| A．Why are women more likely to commit suicide? | | B．Women should keep away from cats. | | C．Ways found to deal with women’s mental problems. | | D．Are women who own cats at a suicide risk? |
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