New research suggests that cutting daily sitting time to less than three hours m
题型：不详难度：来源：
New research suggests that cutting daily sitting time to less than three hours might extend your life by two years.
“Humans were designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely encourage us to walk around,” says Peter Katzmarzyk, an expert at the University of Louisiana.
“Sitting is common in our lives today. We sit while we’re driving, eating and watching TV. And many of us sit for many hours at work.” Katzmarzyk said.
“We can’t throw away physical activity. It’s extremely important. We have 60 years of researchers showing us that.” Katzmarzyk said.
Katzmarzyk and other researchers are trying to discover how sitting all day affext our lifespans（寿命）.
“This is a relatively new area of study…Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and death or television viewing and death have been very rare in the last four or five years,” said Katzmarzyk.
Katzmarzyk and his colleagues analyzed data from these studies, which involved almost 167,000 adults. Then they turned to a government-run survey of Americans to find out exactly how much time people spend sitting and watching.
Not only did the team find that U.S. citizens could live longer by sitting less, they found that cutting TV time to less than two hours a day could add an extra 1.4 years to their lives.
People who’ve spent half their waking lives sitting down might well ask, “Is it ever too late to make a change?”
“We would say ‘No. It’s never too late.’ Physical activity is good for you at every age.” Katzmarzyk said.
Katzmarzyk says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives. They recommend a few simple changes: frequently getting up from your desk, taking walks at lunch time, and instead of e-mailing colleagues, walking over to their offices and talking face-to-face——all activities that can be enjoyable as well as life-extending.
小题1:Peter Katzmarzyk seems to believe that _____.| A．we should not sit for a long time | | B．most people like to sit most of the time | | C．office jobs encourage us to walk a lot | | D．modern lifestyles are good for our health |
小题2:The underlined word “that” in paragraph 4 probably refers to _____.| A．taking physical exercise is important | | B．many researches should be carried out | | C．we should exercise during working hours | | D．people should focus on their health at work |
小题3:Why did Katzmarzyk and his colleagues turn to a government-run survey?| A．To collect information for the government | | B．To know how long people sit and watch TV | | C．To find what citizens do in their spare time’ | | D．To discover how sitting for long affects their lives |
小题4:The best title of the text would be _____.| A．What Is the Healthiest Lifestyle？ | | B．Sitting for a Long Time Is Bad for Us | | C．Study Suggests Sitting Less Can Extend Life | | D．It Is Never Too Late to Change Our Way of Life |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析 本文是说明文，最新研究表明，每天减少坐着的时间三小时能延长寿命两年。
小题1:A 细节题。根据第二段Humans were designed to move人类天生就是运动的。故选 A项。
小题2:A细节题。根据第四段We can’t throw away physical activity. It’s extremely important，身体活动十分重要，故A项。
小题3:B细节题。根据第七段Then they turned to a government-run survey of Americans to find out exactly how much time people spend sitting and watching.他们向政府求助目的是人们坐着和看电视花费的确切时间，故选 B项。
小题4: C主旨大意。开篇提到New research suggests that cutting daily sitting time to less than three hours might extend your life by two years.一个研究结果，减少坐着能延长寿命，而下方是围绕着提出的问题进行展开的，最后 一段进行Katzmarzyk says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in their own lives点题，鼓励人们多运动。故选 C项 |
举一反三
Those who spend more pre-bedtime hours using the Internet or watching television are more likely to report insufficient sleep, even though they sleep almost as long as people spending fewer pre-bedtime hours in front of a computer or television screen, survey findings show.
“While many people use electronic media, say, the Internet, it should be noted that the longer media use before sleep can trigger (self-perceived) insufficient sleep,” lead researcher Dr Nakamori Suganuma, of Osaka University, Japan, told the reporter.
He and colleagues obtained data on self-perceived sleep problems and the use of electronic media prior to bedtime from 5,875 altogether Japanese respondents in two separate Internet-based surveys. Their findings are published in Sleep and Biological Rhythms.
Nearly half of the respondents associated their problem with electronic media use before bedtime. Longer electronic media users were also more likely to report insufficient sleep.
“Overall, 29% of light users (less than 1.5 hours) listed electronic media use as a possible cause of their insufficient sleep. By comparison, 40% of medium users (1.5 to 3 hours) and 54% of heavy users (more than 3 hours) said the same.
However, longer Internet and television use before bedtime did not correlate with less actual sleep.
While heavy users averaged about 3 more hours in front of computer or television screens than light users, the heavy users averaged only about 12 minutes less pre-workday sleep time than light users.
Notably, Suganuma said, "Internet use affected self-perceived insufficient sleep more than TV watching not only in younger Internet users but also in middle-aged or aged Internet users."
Up to 38% of the respondents listed accessing the Internet far into the night as a possible cause for their sleep disturbance, while about 25% said watching television far into the night caused it.
The findings suggest that while heavy computer and television use before bedtime has a small effect on sleep duration, it may have a more significant effect on "sleep demand and sleep quality," Suganuma notes.
小题1: Heavy computer and television user before bed time are more likely to be______ than light ones.| A．energetic | B．happy | C．sleepy | D．clever |
小题2:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?| A．Heavy computer and television user before bed time have less sleeping time than light ones. | | B．Heavy computer and television user before bed time have worse sleep than light ones. | | C．Those suffering insufficient sleep spend less time in using internet than in watching TV. | | D．Spend less time in watching TV or surfing the internet, and you will have a better sleep. |
小题3:The passage seems to suggest that people ______.| A．be far away from media. | | B．watch TV rather than use internet | | C．cut down late-night Internet and TV | | D．Stop late-night internet and TV |
小题4:Which of the following phrases is similar in meaning to the underlined phrase in the sixth paragraph?| A．have any connection with | B．make a friend with | | C．share the opinion with | D．in accordance with |
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While there has been public debate about whether running is good for your health for a long time, experts agree that running has more benefits than the costs. Some people are concerned that the pressure on your knees and ankles can be detrimental. While this can be true, there are many things that you can do to reduce your risk of injury.
You should always go to a doctor for advice before you begin any type of exercise program. Then, a good pair of running shoes can be helpful as your feet hit the ground. They will help protect your ankles by providing stability to your feet. So it is good idea to visit a specialty(专业) running shoe store. The staff there can suggest shoes which are ideal for your running style.
In order to learn the proper form, you may get some advice from a friend who has been running for some time, or even join a running club. They can provide good tips as well as some support and encouragement for you.
Lastly, it is important to start out slowly. When it comes to getting in shape and losing weight , short bursts of speed followed by periods of slower movement would be proper. Aim for around 30 minutes of exercise a few days a week. As you get better, you can increase your speed. Always allow your body to rest in between heavy exercise as your muscles need time to bring energy back.
Follow these instructions and your running experience will be a great one!
小题1:In the expert’s opinion,______________________.| A．running is good for your health as well as your mind. | | B．you should buy running shoes in an expensive store. | | C．running has more advantages than disadvantages for you. | | D．you should go to the doctor if you have a running injury |
小题2:The underlines word “ detrimental” in Paragraph 1 probably means___| A．harmful | B．useful | C．expensive | D．rare |
小题3:If you take up running, you should___________________| A．worry about the pressure on your knees and ankles | | B．ask the shopkeeper for a pair of running shoes | | C．take advice from friends whom you will start running with | | D．join a running club so that you can get encouragement |
小题4:What can we infer from the passage?| A．More and more people have become interested in running. | | B．Good running methods can reduce the risk of injury. | | C．It’s better to run as far as possible to lose weight. | | D．The instructions in the passage are given by a famous doctor. |
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People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.
Researchers used frequent telephone interviews to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the last few weeks. Then they exposed the subjects to the virus, quarantined (检疫隔离) them for five days and kept track of who got sick.
Besides sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”—the percentage of time in bed that you’re actually sleeping—were also less likely to get sick.
The results held true even after researchers adjusted for elements such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies (抗体) to the virus.
The researchers aren’t exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do try to give an answer: “Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of symptom mediators (调节因子) that are released in response to infection.” In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you’re infected with the cold virus contributes to the symptoms that define a cold.
The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
小题1: According to the passage, what does the underlined word “subjects” mean in paragraph 2?| A．areas of knowledge in a school | | B．people being studied in an experiment | | C．research topics | | D．animals being tested |
小题2:It is shown in the passage that _______.| A．the researchers obtain information about the sleep habits by frequent interviews | | B．the researchers do their research in the National Institutes of Health | | C．people hope to avoid being infected with a cold by sleeping as much as possible | | D．sleeping more and better helps regulate the symptom mediators |
小题3:What’s the best title of the passage?| A．The Relationship Between Virus and Cold | | B．How to Sleep Well | | C．Good Sleep Helps Fight a Cold | | D．The More the Sleep, the Better Your Body |
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Work your brain!
Between 2 and 3 pounds of wonder, it controls everything we say, do or think, who we are and what we care about. The way we walk or laugh or figure out things. What we like and the talents we possess. How we see and talk and run and jump and process our food.
The brain uses 20 percent of our body’s oxygen and 20 percent of its blood. Somewhere within its protein, fat, 100,000 miles of blood vessels and 100 billion nerve cells, it helps us remember where we put our gym shoes. Change our temperature so we don’t die because of the heat or cold. Speed us up or slow us down. Help us choose between orange juice or orangeflavored drinks.
Its complexity are stunning, far beyond anything most of us can imagine. To keep this work of art as polished as possible we need to eat right, exercise and keep mentally stimulated. Good nutrition helps brain cells communicate with each other. Exercise stimulates a hormone in our brain that improves memory. Mental stimulation keeps you sharp even as you age.
“It’s very important that we tell people to be physically active and mentally active,” said neurologist Malcolm Stewart.“People cannot stop aging, but you’re able to reduce the damage; you’re able to keep the function up.”
Following are Dr. Stewart’s advice for improving brain health：
Nutrition
| Avoid fast food. Follow the old adage(格言): For breakfast, eat like a king; for lunch, like a queen; for supper, like a beggar.
| Exercise
| Do a combination of stretching aerobic and muscle strengthening every day.
| Mental games
| Try to have a sense of hope about the future. Do puzzles. Listen to music. Reach out to others to make their lives better.
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小题1:The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ______.| A．inform us how the brain works | | B．give us advice on how to keep the brain healthy | | C．tell us that the brain plays an important role in our lives | | D．show how special the brain is to us |
小题2:The underlined word “stunning” means ______.| A．interesting | B．strange | C．significant | D．amazing |
小题3:According to the text，more exercise ______.| A．keeps our mind sharp | | B．helps improve our memory | | C．gives our brain a rest | | D．is good for brain cells communicating with each other |
小题4:In order to keep brain healthy，we should avoid ______.| A．eating a good lunch | B．doing puzzles | | C．eating a large supper | D．taking aerobic exercise |
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How often do you go on holiday? Going on holiday makes you feel good while you"re there－you gain the health benefits for months, new research shows.
Jetting off to exotic destinations such as the Maldives cuts your blood pressure, helps you sleep better and bounce back from stress, it found. The benefits last at least a fortnight longer than the vacation and can be felt for months in some cases where it is claimed. Experts say workers should always take their full holiday entitlement each year－as many as one in three don"t－to get the benefits.
The study compared key health markers in holidaymakers visiting Thailand, Peru or the Maldives, with people who stayed at home and continued working. The average blood pressure of those on holiday dropped by 6% while the workers saw their blood pressure rise by 2% over the same period. The sleep quality of holiday-makers improved by 17% while that of the non-holidaymakers deteriorated by 14%.
The study also found the ability of vacationers to recover from stress—known as the stress-resilience test－improved by 29%. There was a 71% fall in stress resilience scores among workers. Test showed a fall in blood glucose levels, reducing the risk of diabetes, trimmer waistlines and enhanced mood and energy levels, with the effects sustained for at least 2 weeks after returning home.
The Holiday Health Experiment was conducted by tour operator Kuoni and Nuffield Health, the UK"s largest healthcare charity.
小题1: The author intends to tell us that _____.| A．it is best to go to foreign countries like Maldives. | | B．we had better go on holiday for the benefits of health | | C．we have to go on holiday as much as possible | | D．you"ll certainly get depressed if you don"t go on holiday |
小题2:According to the article, how many people go on holiday?| A．Two thirds | B．17% | C．One third | D．A quarter |
小题3:The underlined word "deteriorated" in Paragraph 3 probably means "______".| A．remained | B．rose | C．improved | D．worsened |
小题4:Which of the following can we infer from the passage?| A．Holiday makers are more adaptable than non-holidaymakers. | | B．The result of the study is mostly based on the description from the people involved. | | C．The further you go, the better you benefit. | | D．Most people like to stay at home during the holiday. |
小题5:The best title of the passage is ______.| A．A Holiday Health Experiment | B．Key Health Markers in Holidaymakers | | C．Health Benefits from Holiday | D．Health Problems of Having Holiday |
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