The World Health Organization (WHO) planned to study the relationship between th
题型：不详难度：来源：
The World Health Organization (WHO) planned to study the relationship between the eating habits of the people and the disease. Two doctors were chosen to make the study. They flew to Africa south of the Sahara and during the next two months visited ten countries. They found that serious diseases of poor eating, often mistaken for other diseases, existed in all parts of Africa. The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor. The diseased children are usually from one to four years old. As the illness progresses, the child’s stomach becomes swollen by liquid collecting in the body. The skin changes color and may break out in open sores（疼痛）. The hair changes color and starts to fall out. The patient loses all interest in his surroundings and even in food, and becomes so weak that he wants to lie down all the time. Stomach liquids are no longer produced.
The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat. Their mothers, after stopping their breastfeeding, gave them foods full of starches（淀粉）instead of greatly needed proteins. They found that the addition of milk to the food of the children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives.
The unbelievable thing about kwashiorkor is that the very existence of the disease—which has been killing thousands of children for centuries—was not even recognized in Latin America as recently as ten years ago. The deaths of those children were mistakenly listed as due to other diseases. It was the WHO’s work in Africa that led to the discovery of the problem in Central America.
小题1:From the passage we learn that kwashiorkor is a disease caused by __________ .| A．poor living conditions | B．lack of proteins in food | | C．breastfeeding | D．lack of food |
小题2: It is difficult to discover kwashiorkor because ____________________ .| A．it has no symptoms at all | | B．it is hard to identify signs of it | | C．it doesn’t last long enough for careful observation | | D．it is hardly different from other diseases |
小题3:What is mentioned as a simple but reasonable way of curing this disease?| A．Taking a special medicine. | | B．Avoiding any food containing starch. | | C．Having more meat or milk. | | D．Taking medicine full of proteins. |
小题4:What’s the best title for the article?| A．Milk and Meat Are Daily Necessities | | B．Kwashiorkor and Improper Eating Habits | | C．A New Form of Illness in Africa and Latin America | | D．A Case of Eating Habits |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：世界卫生组织的调查表明，蛋白质营养不良造成了非洲大量的儿童死亡。针对这个状况，WHO 采取了相应的措施来挽救儿童的生命。
小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat. Their mothers, after stopping their breastfeeding, gave them foods full of starches（淀粉）instead of greatly needed proteins.可知kwashiorkor这种病是由于食品中缺乏蛋白质造成的，选.B
小题2:细节题：从第一段的句子：They found that serious diseases of poor eating, often mistaken for other diseases, existed in all parts of Africa. The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor. 可知kwashiorkor.很难被发现因为他的症状和其他的病没什么不同，选D
小题3:细节题：从第二段的句子：They found that the addition of milk to the food of the children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives.可知治疗这个病的简单的方法是在食物中增加更多的肉和牛奶。选C
小题4:标题确定题：这篇文章讲的是因为饮食不适当引起kwashiorkor.的疾病，所以Kwashiorkor and Improper Eating Habits是最恰当的标题，选B |
举一反三
Are you having too much salt? You might not think so, but people in China eat on average (平均) about 12 grams of salt each day, that is much higher than the 6 grams suggested by the World Health Organization. You could be eating too much without realizing it, because about 75% of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy, such as bread, sauces, soups and sausages.
What problems can eating too much salt cause? To answer that question, first let’s take a look at what salt is.
Salt is a chemical compound. It is made of sodium (钠) and chloride (氯化物). Salt is used to keep and flavor foods. A small amount of salt is important for good health because our bodies need sodium and chloride to work.
But past studies have found that people who eat more salt than they need tend to have high blood pressure. Eating too much salt has also been connected with other conditions, such as heart and kidney (肾) problems.
If you want to cut down on salt, the good news is, there are plenty of simple things to do. Here are some tips:
*Cut back on high salt foods.
Most foods contain some salt. But some foods such as cheese, bacon, pickles (泡菜), smoked fish and chips are almost always high in salt because of the way they are made. You can still enjoy them, but try to have these in smaller amounts, or eat them less often.
*Choose reduced salt bread and breakfast cereals.
Bread and breakfast cereals (谷物) are major source of salt in the diet, not that they’re necessarily high in salt but because we eat a lot of them. For these foods, there can be a really big difference between different types and brands. So next time you’re shopping, take the time to compare the salt levels on a few similar products. And always try to choose the ones lower in salt.
*Avoid adding salt to cooking and at table. Instead, you could use herbs and spices (香料) such as garlic (大蒜) and lemon juice to add flavor to meals.
小题1:Many people in China don’t realize they are eating too much salt because ______.| A．salty food tasted better than reduced salt food | | B．they do not calculate the amount of salt they eat | | C．about 3/4 of the salt we eat is already in the food we buy | | D．few people experience problems from eating too much salt |
小题2: For a healthier life, the author’s suggestion is to ________.| A．cut back on food with less salt | | B．eat less heavily salted food | | C．eat as much reduced salt bread as is wanted | | D．stop eating bread and breakfast cereals |
小题3:What is the purpose of the article?| A．To warn people of food containing too much salt. | | B．To inform people of the right amount of salt taken each day. | | C．To advise people to be careful about the amount of salt they eat. | | D．To promote (促进) the right way to make reduced salt food. |
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There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the _ _ it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can _ _ people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films __ __ doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to exercise. It decreases blood pressure, the heart beat and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish( 减少 ) both stress and pain.
As a of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by __ them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects to those caused by laughter.
| 小题1: | | A．harm | B．strength | C．effect | D．good |
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| 小题2: | | A．help | B．improve | C．increase | D．damage |
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| 小题4: | | A．mental | B．physical | C．practical | D．medical |
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| 小题5: | | A．guarantees | B．applies | C．maintains | D．exercises |
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| 小题6: | | A．overlooked | B．produced | C．preserved | D．ensured |
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| 小题7: | | A．remaining | B．rest | C．longest | D．adequate |
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| 小题8: | | A．fact | B．matter | C．result | D．sign |
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| 小题9: | | A．encouraging | B．allowing | C．assisting | D．reminding |
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| 小题10: | | A．respectful | B．subtle | C．adaptable | D．similar |
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When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn’t understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer (使…快活) me up, my laugh turned into crying.
So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so does crying.
Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional (情感的) health, and crying seems to work well. One study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.
Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and more friendly and they are more ready to offer support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don"t even know we"re very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.
Just as crying can be healthy, not crying — holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering — can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don"t fight it. It"s a natural — and healthy — emotional response.
小题1:Why didn"t the author cry when her grandmother died?| A．Because her father did not want her to feel too sad. | | B．Because she did not love her grandmother. | | C．Because she was too shy to cry at that time. | | D．The author doesn’t give the explanation. |
小题2: It can be inferred (推断) from the text that ______.| A．there are two ways to keep healthy | | B．laughing does more good to health than crying | | C．crying and laughing play the same roles | | D．emotional health has a close relationship to physical health |
小题3: According to the author, which of the following statements is true?| A．Crying is the best way to get help from others. | | B．Holding back tears may cause some health problems. | | C．We will know our deep feelings if we cry. | | D．We must cry if we want to reduce pressure. |
小题4:What might be the best title for the text?| A．Power of Tears | B．How to Keep Healthy | | C．Why We Cry | D．A New Scientific Discovery |
小题5: What might the underlined word “fight” in the last paragraph mean?| A．come back | B．pay back | C．hold back | D．give back |
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UGG boots have been a winter-weather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGG enthusiasts don’t know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and causes foot problems.
Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.
Dr. Ian Drysdale, head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “ These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn’t mean it’s good or right,” he said. “ The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It is a slipper. You wouldn’t normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that’s indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say it’s not a good idea.” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “ If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way,” he said, “then the ultimate structure will be deformed.”
UGG Australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Mirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs(仿制品)” which lack reinforce heels in their boots.
小题1: Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following except__________.| A．design | B．comfort | C．quality | D．warmth |
小题2:According to Dr.Ian Drysdale,____________.| A．there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots | | B．wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems | | C．it’s not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time. | | D．teenage girls’ bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots |
小题3: The underline word “deformed” is closest in meaning to_______.| A．shaped | B．strengthened | C．reformed | D．damaged |
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?| A．Potential Harm of UGG Boots | B．The Popularity of UGG Boots | | C．The Unique Design of UGG Boots | D．Benefits of UGG Boots |
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According to the survey conducted by some scientists, it is common to have difficulty sleeping during the day. Humans are naturally wired to sleep best at night and be awake during the day. However, modern work schedules require some people to try to accommodate the unnatural schedule of shift（轮班）work — being awake at night and sleeping during the day.
In order to make this adjustment, you need to pay special attention to your sleep environment and your preparation for sleep. If shift work is a necessary part of your work life, here are some suggestions that may help.
Arrange to sleep uninterrupted in a quiet, dark room. This means you may have to turn off or unplug your phone, hang darkening curtains on the windows or wear a sleep eye mask, and train your family and friends to leave you alone while you sleep.
Fit in a nap (小睡). When your daytime sleep period is too short, taking a short nap of less than 30 minutes just before work or on a break has been shown to improve alertness and enhance performance.
Develop and follow a sleep routine. It"s best if you go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day. Try not to vary this too much on weekends. Your body likes routine.
Take extra care to make healthy choices. You may be tempted to reach for unhealthy foods or nicotine to stay awake or alcohol to try to sleep. But ultimately these choices are more harmful than helpful.
If you have tried all these things and are still having problems getting enough quality sleep during the day, talk to your doctor or a sleep specialist. Sometimes medications (药物治疗) may be helpful and safe. In other cases, there may be an underlying sleep disorder that needs to be addressed.
小题1:The purpose of the text is to_____ .| A．persuade workers to have a good sleep | | B．advise night workers to keep healthy | | C．encourage workers to do day work | | D．help night workers to sleep well |
小题2:What does the author recommend?| A．A suitable amount of alcohol to help sleep. | | B．A regular life on weekday’s and weekends. | | C．A bright room without phones to sleep in. | | D．A break for sleeping anytime during the day. |
小题3:On which condition should a person turn to a sleep specialist for help?| A．If he suffers from a sleep disorder for the first time. | | B．If a good sleep environment is greatly needed for him. | | C．If he fails to get quality sleep through his own efforts. | | D．If he has the problem of falling asleep in the daytime. |
小题4:We can learn from the text that_____________.| A．night workers need a long time to fall asleep | | B．constant breaks at work help to improve performance | | C．it is difficult to create a good sleep environment | | D．night work requires people to adjust their body clocks |
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