Since 1950, the amount of information about the nutrition of food has increased
题型：不详难度：来源：
Since 1950, the amount of information about the nutrition of food has increased by nearly 900 percent. Besides this fact, obesity has risen by 214 percent and nearly two out of every three adults in America are overweight or obese. Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer.
With so much nutritional knowledge easy to find, we cannot simply ignore our present obesity epidemic(流行病). We know that fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin. Though we are overweight, many of us choose junk food over healthy food out of habits. One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination. Fortunately, new research published in May 2012 has shown a simple and accessible way to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn’t rely on great determination.
The research was based on two separate studies and it was carried out by T. Bettina Cornwell of the University of Oregon and Anna R. McAlister of Michigan State University. In the first study, 60 adults between the ages of 19 and 23 were questioned about the role of food and drinks. The survey tells us that adults prefer sweetened drinks with high-calorie, salty foods, to sweetened drinks with vegetables.
In the second study, 75 children between the ages of 3 and 5 were gathered for some experiments including drinks served with vegetables. The preschooler experiments were carried out under different situations and on different days. The researchers found that the children chose to take more green vegetables when they were served with water instead of a sweetened drink.
According to Cornwell, children learn to connect high calorie, sugary drinks such as cola, with high fat foods such as French fries, from a very early age. McAlister adds that early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. Meals served at home and meals offered at restaurants, set the stage for this idea and for the preference to choose junk food over healthy food, when beginning to take sweetened drinks.
“Our taste preferences are heavily influenced by regularly eating particular food and drinking particular drink,” states Cornwell. “If the drink on the table goes against both adults and children eating their vegetables, then perhaps it is time to change that drink… and to serve water with all meals. Restaurants could easily use water as free drink for children’s meals and charge extra money for other drinks.” Both McAlister and Cornwell are confident that serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation’s obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs.
小题1:What may cause the risk of diseases according to the text?| A．Over nutrition. | B．Obesity. | C．Unbalance diets. | D．Junk food. |
小题2:What makes many of us choose junk food according to the author?| A．Positive feelings about food. | B．High calorie of junk food. | | C．Nice taste. | D．Eating habits. |
小题3:The underlined word “accessible” in Paragraph 2 means”_________”.| A．quick | B．useful | C．easy to change | D．easy to get |
小题4:From Paragraph5, we know that __________.| A．children may like sugary and high-calorie drinks even from an early age | | B．early preference for food and drink may influence food choices later in life | | C．easy preference for drinks should not be allowed in most of the restaurants | | D．restaurants should provide the same food and drink as those at home |
小题5:Which would be the best title for this text?| A．Stop children drinking sugary drinks | | B．Drink water to eat more healthy | | C．Change eating habits to lose weight | | D．Eat healthy food at home |
|
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：本文论述了现在有很多人是过于肥胖，它很有可能引起一些疾病的发生。经调查发现肥胖的发生跟人们的饮食习惯有很大的关系。文章最后指出为了吃的更加健康吃饭时应喝一些水。
小题1:细节理解题。根据Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer.肥胖有可能导致一些疾病，故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination.这是年轻时养成的习惯引起的，故选D。
小题3:细节理解题。根据to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn’t rely on great determination.故选D
小题4:细节理解题。根据hat early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. 早期的饮食可能对后来的生活有很大的影响，故选B。
小题5:标题归纳题。根据serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation’s obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs.故选B。
点评：文章标题是文章的点睛之笔。标题归纳题在英语阅读理解题中属深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，准确把握文章大意及作者的写作意图。一般说来，标题应该具有概括性、针对性、简洁性三个突出特点。其中概括性，是指标题应最大程度地覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性，是指标题的含义要直接指向文章的主要特点；而简洁性，则是指标题应言简意赅，能吸引读者的注意力，并唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣等。 |
举一反三
Over the years, Americans have become used to salt．Most people have no idea how much salt they consume-on average, about 9 to 12 gram per person per day, according to the American Heart Association．That"s twice the amount recommended by the government．
A new study last week showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart．The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes（中风）, four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease．
Researchers also found that the benefits would be greatest for African Americans and women．As a group, African Americans tend to have higher blood pressure than the general population, and "many studies suggest that they may be more sensitive to salt," says Dr.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an epidemiologist（流行病学家）at the University of California, San Francisco．Her analysis found that a reduction of 3 gram of salt per day would reduce heart attacks 8% on average; among African Americans, that rate would drop 10%．A similar result was found in women, whose stroke risk dropped 8% with a 3-g reduction in salt intake; in men, the risk fell 5%．
They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt．
However, other scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people．
Michael Alderman, a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure．But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes．
“Salt has other biological effects． Calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, as well as harmful results． There is not enough evidence either way,”said Michael Alderman．
小题1:Eating too much salt may lead to the following EXCEPT ．| A．stroke | B．heart disease | C．high blood pressure | D．lung cancer |
小题2:What can we learn from the passage?| A．Most Americans take more salt than advised． | | B．African women eat more salt than Americans． | | C．One"s origin determines how much salt he can eat． | | D．Good health is just on the basis of having less salt． |
小题3:The author"s attitude toward the study is ．| A．cold | B．objective | C．subjective | D．doubtful |
小题4:What"s the best title of the passage?| A．The Benefits of Eating Less Salt． | | B．A New Study on Salt and Diseases． | | C．An Argument Over Salt and Health． | | D．The Harm Caused by Too Much Salt． |
|
We have proof that you become what you eat. When you know the effects of different types of food, you can use your knowledge well and eat what you want to become.
Food has an impact on our physical and mental health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice?
Lettuce (莴苣) or milk can make you sleepy.
To stop feeling sleepy you should eat peanuts or dried fish.
Everyone has their own advice to give, which they have read about or have been told by older relatives. Some of these pieces of advice seem to contradict each other.
Eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots.
Chocolate contains the essential minerals: iron and magnesium (镁).
What we need to figure out is what type of chocolate to eat to get the benefits and how much of it to eat. We can do this by reading the list of ingredients (原料) on the chocolate bar package. Exactly how much real chocolate is in there? And how much of that do we need to eat to get the benefits of the minerals it contains?
Future restaurants might be named after the physical or mental state they hope to create. Their menus will list the benefits of each dish and drink. Some restaurants have already started this concept, and list the nutritional (营养的) content of their dishes on the menus.
Let’s take the restaurant “Winners” as an example. Their menu would list dishes specifically designed to help you win sports competitions. Or you could choose the Go-faster salad, which is a large bowl of mixed raw vegetables in a light salad dressing, giving you energy without making you gain weight. And what kind of dishes do you think would be on the menu at the “Clever Café”?
So what’s going to happen to hamburgers and biscuits? Will the concept of eating food, because it’s tasty, go out of fashion? Of course not! Junk food is also changing. If ice-cream is not good for children, can’t we give them fat-free, sugar-free tofu ice-cream? Unhealthy food is going out of fashion, so brands are changing. We are told not to drink cola because of the sugar and caffeine content so cola companies are making sugar-free and caffeine-free drinks. We are told dried fruit is a healthier snack than biscuits so some biscuit companies are making biscuits with added vitamins.
小题1:By saying “you become what you eat”, the writer means that ________.| A．you will become your own food | | B．you will know what food is good by its appearance | | C．food has an effect on your health | | D．you will know the effects of different types of food |
小题2:What does the underlined word “contradict” mean in the text?| A．Oppose to | B．Help with | | C．Have influence on | D．Benefit from |
小题3:How can we eat chocolate properly, according to the passage?| A．To eat chocolate containing the essential minerals. | | B．To read the list of ingredients on the package. | | C．To get advice from others before eating real chocolate. | | D．To learn how much chocolate we can consume before eating. |
小题4:Which is true about the future restaurants?| A．The food in “Winners” can ensure you to win sports competitions. | | B．They might list the nutritional content of their dishes on the menus. | | C．Hamburgers will disappear in these restaurants. | | D．The Go-faster salad helps you go faster. |
小题5:The concept of eating tasty food will not go out of fashion because ________.| A．the junk food companies are changing their brand names | | B．biscuit companies are making dried fruit | | C．junk food will become healthier than before | | D．Cola companies are still making cola |
|
Do you love holidays but hate the increase（增长的） weight that follows? You are not alone.
Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.
With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you.
Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a feast (宴会), have a small, low-fat snack(小吃). This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.
Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.
Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.
Choose lean meat (瘦肉). Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.
If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate.
Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess (过多的) calories.
小题1:Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may______.| A．bring weight problems | | B．bring you much trouble in your life | | C．make you worried about your foods | | D．make you hate delicious foods |
小题2:In order to really enjoy your holidays without putting on weight, you’d better ___. | A．drink much water and have vegetables only | | B．not eat much food in high fat | | C．not accept invitations to feasts | | D．turn away from delicious foods |
小题3:According to the passage, ___ is a necessary part to stop you from putting on weight. | A．vegetables | B．water | C．calories of energy | D．physical exercise |
小题4:Many people can’t help putting on weight after the holidays because they ___. | A．can’t control themselves | | B．go to too many feasts | | C．enjoy delicious foods | | D．can’t help turning away from the foods |
|
UGG boots have been a winter-weather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGG-enthusiasts don’t know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems.
Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.
Dr. Ian Drysdale，head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine，believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside，it will lead to more ankle，knee，hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn’t mean it’s good or right，” he said, “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It’s a slipper. You wouldn’t normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that’s indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all. the time, someone will come up and say it’s not a good idea. ” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls，whose bones are “ plastic ” and developing when they are growing. “ If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way,” he said, “then the ultimate structure will be deformed ”
Mike 0，NeiU, a consultant surgeon, said, “As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损）on the joints on the inside of the foot The ankle is m the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems. ”
UGG AustraUa9 who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Mirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs”（仿制品)which lack reinforced heels in their boots.
小题1:Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following except______| A．design | B．comfort | C．quality | D．warmth |
小题2:Accordi^ to Dr. Ian Drysdale，_____| A．there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots | | B．wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems | | C．it’s not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time | | D．teenage girl’s bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots |
小题3:The underlined word “ deformed” is closest in meaning to_____
A. shaped B_ strengthened C. reformed D. damaged
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?| A．Potential Harm of UGG Boots | B．The Popularity of UGG Boots | | C．The Unique Design of UGG Boots | D．Benefits of UGG Boots |
|
Elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more agile (敏捷的) and independent than their peers over time, according to a Japanese study that covered thousands of people.
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals (抗氧化物) that may help stop the cell damage that can lead to disease. Researchers have been studying green tea’s effect on everything from cholesterol (胆固醇) to the risk of certain cancers, with mixed results so far.
They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”, or problems with daily activities or basic needs, such as dressing or bathing.
Specifically, almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled, compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups a day.
The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older. Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets, including more fish, vegetables and fruit, as well as more education, lower smoking rates, fewer heart attacks and strokes, and greater mental sharpness. They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on. But even with those factors accounted for, green tea itself was tied to a lower disability risk, the researchers said.
People who drank at least five cups a day were one-third less likely to develop disabilities than those who had less than a cup per day. Those people who averaged three or four cups a day had a 25 percent lower risk.
Although it’s not clear how green tea might offer a buffer (缓冲) against disability, Tomata’s team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women.
While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts, they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K, which means it could affect drugs that prevent blood clotting (凝固).
小题1:What can be learned from the passage?| A．Antioxidant chemicals can lead to disease. | | B．Those who often drank green tea can’t develop “functional disability”. | | C．“Functional disability” is related to problems with daily activities or basic needs. | | D．People who drank at least five cups a day are not likely to become functionally disabled. |
小题2:What does the fifth paragraph mainly tell us?| A．How the study was proved. | B．Why green tea-lovers can keep agile. | | C．What healthier diets include. | D．How to lower disability risk. |
小题3:What have the Researchers discovered?| A．Those who drank green tea can"t develop “functional disability”. | | B．Green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older. | | C．How green tea might offer a buffer against disability. | | D．Green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women. |
|
最新试题
热门考点