Office workers should know that long periods of sitting at your desk may be a ki
题型：不详难度：来源：
Office workers should know that long periods of sitting at your desk may be a killer. Scientists have shown a new threat from this lifestyle that they call “muscular inactivity (肌肉迟钝)”．
Sitting still for long periods of time leads to the buildup of substances (物质) in the blood that are harmful to health. And exercise alone won’t drive them away.
Millions of people spend their days between car，office desk and the sofa in front of the TV. While the bad influences are well rocognized，it has been thought that they can be changed by regular trips to the gym or swimming pool.
Now researchers say that is not enough. In addition to regular exercise，office workers need to keep moving while they work，by making regular trips to the printer，coffee machine or to chat with workmates.
Elin EkblomBak，an expert on health，says research shows long periods of sitting and lack (缺乏) of “whole body muscular movement” are strongly linked to obesity，heart disease and cancer，and a higher risk of death，regardless of (不管) whether they take enough exercise.
“Everyone knows about the health benefits of regular exercise. But what we haven’t realized before is that longperiod sitting down carries an extra risk that cannot be dealt with by taking exercise，” Dr EkblomBak said，adding that sitting still should be recognized as a risk to health.
“It is important to have a fiveminute break from desk work every 45 minutes. Don’t email workmates—walk across the office to give them the message. Take a coffee break or put the printer in the next room. I am a desk worker and I try to do it. It is not difficult but sometimes you get lost in your work and you forget about it.”
However，more studies are needed to confirm the ill effects of sitting for too long and ways of fighting them. But at present they conclude that “keep moving” should be added to the advice to “keep exercising.”
小题1:Nowadays，many office workers wrongly think that________.| A．long periods of sitting has bad influences on them | | B．regular exercise benefits them after long periods of sitting | | C．they are living a lifestyle called “muscular inactivity” | | D．it’s unfair for them to sit in the office for too long |
小题2:What does the author suggest office workers should do?| A．Chat with workmates often. | | B．Send emails instead of chatting. | | C．Keep moving in the office regularly. | | D．Take more exercise after work. |
小题3:The last paragraph suggests that the result of the study is________.| A．scientific | B．uncertain | C．unbelievable | D．convincing |
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．A new threat ：longperiod sitting | | B．Office workers should keep exercising | | C．Taking exercise benefits a lot | | D．Keep moving，it could save your life |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：
小题1:细节考查。根据文章第三段第二句话While the bad influences are well rocognized，it has been thought that they can be changed by regular trips to the gym or swimming pool可知很多办公室工作的人认为长时间坐了之后，可以通过锻炼在弥补。
小题2:根据文章倒数第二节大意可知在办公室要经常动动。
小题3:根据文章最后一段的第一句话However，more studies are needed to confirm the ill effects of sitting for too long and ways of fighting them.，可知更多的研究需要被证实长时间坐的不良影响。
小题4:文章大意概括。本文通过科学家的一些研究发现长时间坐的不良影响，提出办公室工作的人要多动动。根据大意故知道选D。
点评：本文通过科学家的一些研究发现长时间坐的不良影响，提出办公室工作的人要多活动。文章文脉清晰，容易理解，正确把握文章大意不难选出答案。 |
举一反三
Every hour spent in watching TV, DVDs and videos as an adult reduces life expectancy by almost 22 minutes, a study suggests. And viewing TV for an average of six hours a day can cut short your life by five years.
The research claims that a sedentary(久坐的) lifestyle is as bad for health as smoking and obesity, because of the dangers caused by inactivity and the greater opportunities it offers for unhealthy eating.
The academics conducting the study set out to calculate the overall risk to life expectancy from watching television. Their research involved more than 11,000 people over the age of 25.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded. "TV viewing time may be associated with a loss of life, which is similar to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity."
The researchers, from the University of Queensland, used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.
But they said: "Although we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialized and developing countries are likely to be similar, considering the large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns." In the United Kingdom, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day, compared with five hours in the United States.
Earlier this year, a separate study suggested the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease, or dying early, rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box.
England"s Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: "Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know - that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realize that there are many ways to get exercise."
小题1:We can learn from the passage that_______| A．whether you watch TV or not has nothing to do with how long you will live | | B．if an adult watches TV for six hours every day, he will die five years earlier | | C．physical inactivity and obesity won"t shorten your life | | D．a sedentary lifestyle offers huge benefits. |
小题2:The word "it" in the second paragraph refers to| A．a sedentary lifestyle | B．eating | C．smoking | D．obesity |
小题3:What do we know from the last three paragraphs?| A．People in the United Kingdom watch TV longer than those in the United States. | | B．That a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks isn"t supported by other studies. | | C．Watching TV for two hours a day will increase the risk of illnesses or dying early by 20%. | | D．It is through these studies that we know a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. |
小题4:The passage is intended to _______.| A．inform the readers of a research on watching TV | | B．warn the readers of the harm of watching TV and hope they do sports | | C．tell the readers watching TV is also a good way to relax | | D．tell the readers large amounts of people often watch TV |
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The vitamins (维生素) are named by letters of the alphabet (字母表). Vitamin A is needed by the eyes. There is Vitamin A in milk, butter, and green vegetables. It can be kept by the body.
Vitamin B cannot be kept. It must be supplied all the time by some of the food we eat.
Vitamin C is very important to the body. Without it men’s teeth become loose (松的) and their arms and legs get weak. Lemons (柠檬), oranges and tomatoes have Vitamin C in them.
Vitamin D is the sun vitamin. We get it in milk and eggs and from sunlight on our skin (皮). There are other Vitamins, but these A, B, C and D, are the most important.
小题1:There are many kinds of vitamins, the most important of which are ______.| A．Vitamin A | B．Vitamin B and C | | C．Vitamin D and A | D．Vitamin A ,B,Cand D |
小题2:There are both Vitamins A and D in ______.| A．green vegetable | B．sunlight | C．butter and eggs | D．milk |
小题3:If somebody is near-eye sighted probably he needs ______. | A．Vitamin A | B．Vitamins A and C | C．Vitamin D | D．Vitamin B |
小题4:We can get Vitamin D when ______.| A．we have bread and butter for our breakfast | B．we are eating fruits | | C．we are working in the field in the sun | D．we are having eggs |
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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
“I sometimes get up at three or four in the morning and I surf the net.”
“I often check my e-mail forty times a day.”
“I often spend more than three hours during one time on the net.”
“I spend more time in chat rooms(聊天室) than with my ‘real-1ife’ friends.”
Do you know any people like these? They are part of a new addiction(瘾) called Internet addiction. Internet addicts spend at least thirty to forty hours online every week. The use of the Internet can be an addiction like drug(毒品) use. People lose control(控制)of the time they spend on the Internet
For example, one college student was missing for several days. His friends were worried, and they called the police. The police found the student in the computer lab: he was surfing the net for several days straight.
Studies show that about 6 to 10% of Internet users become addicted. And people worry about the teens because the Internet is changing the playing field for some of them.They spend more time in cyberspace than in the real world of friends and family.
Is “surfing the net” a hobby or an addiction for you? You may have a problem if
you have these symptoms(症状):
●You do not go to important family activities or you do not do school work because you like to spend hours on the Internet.
●You can’t wait for your next online time.
●You plan to spend a short time online, but then you spend several hours.
●You go out with your friends less and less.
◆根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
小题1:What does the beginning of the passage tell us?| A．How to become an Internet addict. | | B．What an Internet addict usually does. | | C．Where to find an Internet addict. | | D．Why to write this passage. |
小题2:How does the writer describe the addicts’ use of Internet?| A．It is something like keeping drugs. | | B．It is a way of producing drugs. | | C．It is like taking drugs. | | D．It is terrible to imagine. |
小题3:Why do people worry about the teens?| A．The teens are wasting too much money. | | B．They used to work on the Internet. | | C．The playing field of the teens will disappear. | | D．More and more of the teens wil1 become addicted to the Internet. |
小题4:The example in the passage shows that _______.| A．Internet problems are more serious among college students | | B．Internet addicts usually stay in the computer lab without sleep | | C．Some of the Internet users have already been seriously addicted | | D．The police often help to find those Internet addicts. |
小题5:What is the writer trying to tell us at the end of the passage?| A．Don’t be addicted to the Internet. | | B．Go to family activities more often. | | C．Do things as you have planned | | D．Stay with your parents as often as possible. |
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“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Similarly, if we drink a little more water ever day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often. A healthy diet is made up of water and a great many different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and fish, are important as they provide us with energy and fibre, without giving us too much fat and sugar. But why is water important?
The human body needs water to survive. Water is important as it carries poisons and waste out of our bodies. However, doctors advise us to drink plenty of water, much more than the small amount we need to stay alive.
Some doctors believe that water is important for our health in all kinds of ways. They believe that a great many illnesses and health problems stars as a result of dehydration—a lack(缺少) of water in the body. Most people are dehydrated at least some of time, although they probably don’t know it. It is surprising to learn that if we feel thirsty, we are already in the first stages of dehydration. In fact, we are advised to drink water before we feel thirsty.
These doctors think that health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure and asthma could be helped if people drink more water. They also believe that drinking more water can help people who are overweight. Water contains no calories so it will not make us put on weight. If we drink water, we will probably drink less sugary soft drinks such as Coca-cola. Doctors also believe that drinking more water may stop people from overeating. They say that many people think that they are hungry when they are, in fact, thirsty. Doctors suggest, therefore, that we eat less food and drink more water.
There are still many health problems that cannot be solved by drinking water, so we should not stop going to seeing the doctor completely. However, if we make a decision to drink water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often.
小题1:We need _____for a healthy diet.| A．fibre | B．food | C．water | D．Water and different foods |
小题2:From the text, we know water can carry_________.| A．energy and fibre in our bodies | B．fruit, vegetables and fish in our bodies | | C．sugar and fat out of our bodies | D．poisons and waste out of our bodies |
小题3:Lack of water caused people to put on weight too much because_______.| A．they think they are hungry and eat too much | | B．they think they are thirsty and eat less | | C．water has no calories | | D．it makes them hungry |
小题4:Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the passage?| A．Fruit provides us with energy and fibre. | | B．Some healthy problems start because of a lack of water. | | C．Drinking more water may stop people from overeating. | | D．The amount of water a person should drink in a day. |
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Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research suggests. What"s more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the University College London team found.
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat，refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for. He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people"s diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated fats and sugars.
小题1:The text is mainly about .| A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population | | B．the link between processed food and depression | | C．the relationship between physical and mental health | | D．the emotional state of the British People |
小题2:What do we know about the participants?| A．They are of different ages from young to old. | | B．They are from different walks of life. | | C．They chose the diet they preferred. | | D．Their state are also affected by other factors. |
小题3:What can we learn from what Dr. Archana Singh Manoux said?| A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. | | B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. | | C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. | | D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. |
小题4:Dr. Andrew McCulloch agrees that .| A．our diets are closely related to our mental health | | B．the present study needs more facts and other information | | C．the UK population will become ill in the near future | | D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in |
小题5:Why might the author have written this text?| A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. | | B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy. | | C．To encourage people to cut down on processed food. | | D．To introduce some experts on the research team. |
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