Every hour spent in watching TV, DVDs and videos as an adult reduces life expect
题型：不详难度：来源：
Every hour spent in watching TV, DVDs and videos as an adult reduces life expectancy by almost 22 minutes, a study suggests. And viewing TV for an average of six hours a day can cut short your life by five years.
The research claims that a sedentary(久坐的) lifestyle is as bad for health as smoking and obesity, because of the dangers caused by inactivity and the greater opportunities it offers for unhealthy eating.
The academics conducting the study set out to calculate the overall risk to life expectancy from watching television. Their research involved more than 11,000 people over the age of 25.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded. "TV viewing time may be associated with a loss of life, which is similar to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity."
The researchers, from the University of Queensland, used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.
But they said: "Although we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialized and developing countries are likely to be similar, considering the large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns." In the United Kingdom, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day, compared with five hours in the United States.
Earlier this year, a separate study suggested the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease, or dying early, rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box.
England"s Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: "Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know - that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realize that there are many ways to get exercise."
小题1:We can learn from the passage that_______| A．whether you watch TV or not has nothing to do with how long you will live | | B．if an adult watches TV for six hours every day, he will die five years earlier | | C．physical inactivity and obesity won"t shorten your life | | D．a sedentary lifestyle offers huge benefits. |
小题2:The word "it" in the second paragraph refers to| A．a sedentary lifestyle | B．eating | C．smoking | D．obesity |
小题3:What do we know from the last three paragraphs?| A．People in the United Kingdom watch TV longer than those in the United States. | | B．That a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks isn"t supported by other studies. | | C．Watching TV for two hours a day will increase the risk of illnesses or dying early by 20%. | | D．It is through these studies that we know a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. |
小题4:The passage is intended to _______.| A．inform the readers of a research on watching TV | | B．warn the readers of the harm of watching TV and hope they do sports | | C．tell the readers watching TV is also a good way to relax | | D．tell the readers large amounts of people often watch TV |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析:
小题1:细节题，由第一段最后一句And viewing TV for an average of six hours a day can cut short your life by five years.可以知道答案，故选B。
小题2:推理题。由第二段第一句The research claims that a sedentary(久坐的) lifestyle is as bad for health as smoking and obesity可以推出答案，所以选A。
小题3:推理题，由倒数第三段最后一句the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day, compared with five hours in the United States.和倒数第二段最后一句rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box可以推出答案，所以选C
小题4:推理题，由最后一段第一、二行Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know - that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks.可以推出答案，所以选B
点评：本文说明了长时间久坐看电视对身体不好。对于文章中的细节题，要注意文章中的细节的理解。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。 |
举一反三
The vitamins (维生素) are named by letters of the alphabet (字母表). Vitamin A is needed by the eyes. There is Vitamin A in milk, butter, and green vegetables. It can be kept by the body.
Vitamin B cannot be kept. It must be supplied all the time by some of the food we eat.
Vitamin C is very important to the body. Without it men’s teeth become loose (松的) and their arms and legs get weak. Lemons (柠檬), oranges and tomatoes have Vitamin C in them.
Vitamin D is the sun vitamin. We get it in milk and eggs and from sunlight on our skin (皮). There are other Vitamins, but these A, B, C and D, are the most important.
小题1:There are many kinds of vitamins, the most important of which are ______.| A．Vitamin A | B．Vitamin B and C | | C．Vitamin D and A | D．Vitamin A ,B,Cand D |
小题2:There are both Vitamins A and D in ______.| A．green vegetable | B．sunlight | C．butter and eggs | D．milk |
小题3:If somebody is near-eye sighted probably he needs ______. | A．Vitamin A | B．Vitamins A and C | C．Vitamin D | D．Vitamin B |
小题4:We can get Vitamin D when ______.| A．we have bread and butter for our breakfast | B．we are eating fruits | | C．we are working in the field in the sun | D．we are having eggs |
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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
“I sometimes get up at three or four in the morning and I surf the net.”
“I often check my e-mail forty times a day.”
“I often spend more than three hours during one time on the net.”
“I spend more time in chat rooms(聊天室) than with my ‘real-1ife’ friends.”
Do you know any people like these? They are part of a new addiction(瘾) called Internet addiction. Internet addicts spend at least thirty to forty hours online every week. The use of the Internet can be an addiction like drug(毒品) use. People lose control(控制)of the time they spend on the Internet
For example, one college student was missing for several days. His friends were worried, and they called the police. The police found the student in the computer lab: he was surfing the net for several days straight.
Studies show that about 6 to 10% of Internet users become addicted. And people worry about the teens because the Internet is changing the playing field for some of them.They spend more time in cyberspace than in the real world of friends and family.
Is “surfing the net” a hobby or an addiction for you? You may have a problem if
you have these symptoms(症状):
●You do not go to important family activities or you do not do school work because you like to spend hours on the Internet.
●You can’t wait for your next online time.
●You plan to spend a short time online, but then you spend several hours.
●You go out with your friends less and less.
◆根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
小题1:What does the beginning of the passage tell us?| A．How to become an Internet addict. | | B．What an Internet addict usually does. | | C．Where to find an Internet addict. | | D．Why to write this passage. |
小题2:How does the writer describe the addicts’ use of Internet?| A．It is something like keeping drugs. | | B．It is a way of producing drugs. | | C．It is like taking drugs. | | D．It is terrible to imagine. |
小题3:Why do people worry about the teens?| A．The teens are wasting too much money. | | B．They used to work on the Internet. | | C．The playing field of the teens will disappear. | | D．More and more of the teens wil1 become addicted to the Internet. |
小题4:The example in the passage shows that _______.| A．Internet problems are more serious among college students | | B．Internet addicts usually stay in the computer lab without sleep | | C．Some of the Internet users have already been seriously addicted | | D．The police often help to find those Internet addicts. |
小题5:What is the writer trying to tell us at the end of the passage?| A．Don’t be addicted to the Internet. | | B．Go to family activities more often. | | C．Do things as you have planned | | D．Stay with your parents as often as possible. |
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“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Similarly, if we drink a little more water ever day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often. A healthy diet is made up of water and a great many different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and fish, are important as they provide us with energy and fibre, without giving us too much fat and sugar. But why is water important?
The human body needs water to survive. Water is important as it carries poisons and waste out of our bodies. However, doctors advise us to drink plenty of water, much more than the small amount we need to stay alive.
Some doctors believe that water is important for our health in all kinds of ways. They believe that a great many illnesses and health problems stars as a result of dehydration—a lack(缺少) of water in the body. Most people are dehydrated at least some of time, although they probably don’t know it. It is surprising to learn that if we feel thirsty, we are already in the first stages of dehydration. In fact, we are advised to drink water before we feel thirsty.
These doctors think that health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure and asthma could be helped if people drink more water. They also believe that drinking more water can help people who are overweight. Water contains no calories so it will not make us put on weight. If we drink water, we will probably drink less sugary soft drinks such as Coca-cola. Doctors also believe that drinking more water may stop people from overeating. They say that many people think that they are hungry when they are, in fact, thirsty. Doctors suggest, therefore, that we eat less food and drink more water.
There are still many health problems that cannot be solved by drinking water, so we should not stop going to seeing the doctor completely. However, if we make a decision to drink water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often.
小题1:We need _____for a healthy diet.| A．fibre | B．food | C．water | D．Water and different foods |
小题2:From the text, we know water can carry_________.| A．energy and fibre in our bodies | B．fruit, vegetables and fish in our bodies | | C．sugar and fat out of our bodies | D．poisons and waste out of our bodies |
小题3:Lack of water caused people to put on weight too much because_______.| A．they think they are hungry and eat too much | | B．they think they are thirsty and eat less | | C．water has no calories | | D．it makes them hungry |
小题4:Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the passage?| A．Fruit provides us with energy and fibre. | | B．Some healthy problems start because of a lack of water. | | C．Drinking more water may stop people from overeating. | | D．The amount of water a person should drink in a day. |
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Eating a diet high in processed food increases the risk of depression, research suggests. What"s more, people who ate plenty of vegetables, fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression, the University College London team found.
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants were compared with their emotional state five years later, a British journal reported. They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which includes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet, such as sweetened desserts, fried food, processed meat，refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender, age, education, physical activity, smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases, they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood. By contrast, people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana Singh Manoux pointed out there was a chance that the finding could be explained by lifestyle factor they had not accounted for. He also pointed in a paper that a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression, but the problem with that is if you live in Britain, the likelihood of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh, chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation, said, this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people"s diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy. The UK population is consuming less nutritious, fresh produce and more saturated fats and sugars.
小题1:The text is mainly about .| A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population | | B．the link between processed food and depression | | C．the relationship between physical and mental health | | D．the emotional state of the British People |
小题2:What do we know about the participants?| A．They are of different ages from young to old. | | B．They are from different walks of life. | | C．They chose the diet they preferred. | | D．Their state are also affected by other factors. |
小题3:What can we learn from what Dr. Archana Singh Manoux said?| A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. | | B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. | | C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. | | D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. |
小题4:Dr. Andrew McCulloch agrees that .| A．our diets are closely related to our mental health | | B．the present study needs more facts and other information | | C．the UK population will become ill in the near future | | D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in |
小题5:Why might the author have written this text?| A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. | | B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy. | | C．To encourage people to cut down on processed food. | | D．To introduce some experts on the research team. |
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Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病） of sleepiness in the nation．“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr．David．Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest．
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（lack）crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night．“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark．” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock．“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr．David．“They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. ”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs．“In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5．5 hours’ sleep．If you’ve got to get 8．5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition．”
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier．“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr．David．“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate．”
小题1:What is the main topic of the passage?| A．The history of people’s sleeping patterns． | | B．The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times． | | C．Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit． | | D．The minimum of our sleeping hours． |
小题2:Which of the following is Dr．David’s opinion?| A．People’s metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep． | | B．Some people can remain energetic with only 6．5 hours’ sleep a night． | | C．If they get 8．5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition． | | D．People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don"t． |
小题3:People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9．5 hours a night because _______．| A．they had no electricity | | B．they knew what was best for their health | | C．they were forced by their parents to do so | | D．they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are |
小题4:The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people is _______．| A．the endless TV programs in the evenings and the internet | | B．the heavy work load of the day | | C．the sufficient energy modern people usually have | | D．loud noises in the modern cities |
小题5:What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?| A．Person or thing that is being discussed or described． | | B．Branch of knowledge studied in a school． | | C．Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on． | | D．Any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler． |
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