Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy. Low levels of vitamin
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Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy. Low levels of vitamin D can lead to diseases such as rickets (佝偻病), mainly found in children. The thinning of bone is a common problem as people, especially women, get older.
But more and more research is suggesting that vitamin D might also help prevent many diseases. The easiest way to get vitamin D is from sunlight. The sun’s ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays react with skin cells to produce vitamin D. But many people worry about getting skin cancer and skin damage from the sun. As a result they stay out of the sun. Also, darker-skinned people produce less vitamin D than lighter-skinned people. The amount also decreases in older people and those living in northern areas that get less sunlight.
Not many foods naturally contain vitamin D. Foods high in this vitamin include oily fish and fish liveroils (鱼肝油). Farmed fish have only about one-fourth as much vitamin D as wild fish. Small amounts of vitamin D are found in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks. But most of the vitamin D in the American diet comes from foods such as milk.
Research in the last several years has shown that low levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of heart attacks in men and deaths from some cancers. More doctors are now having their patients tested for their vitamin D levels. But as research continues, some experts worry that if people take too much vitamin D, it might act as a poison. Also, skin doctors warn people to be careful with sun exposure because of the risk of skin cancer.
小题1:The first paragraph is mainly about .| A．the muscle diseases | B．the sources of vitamins | | C．the importance of health | D．the functions of vitamin D |
小题2:Which of the following people produce the least amount of vitamin D?______| A．Elderly darker-skinned people. | B．Young lighter-skinned people. | | C．Elderly lighter-skinned people. | D．Young darker-skinned people. |
小题3: People can get the most vitamin D from .| A．beef liver | B．cheese | C．wild fish | D．farmed fish |
小题4:What can we infer from the text?_________
A. Being exposed to sunlight is the safest way to get vitamin D.
B. Lack of vitamin D can make people age quickly.
C. Proper vitamin D levels people need are still not determined now.
D. The vitamin D level is higher in men than in women. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:C |
解析
小题1:从第一段第一行Vitamin D helps bones and muscles grow strong and healthy维他命D使骨头和肌肉强壮，健康结合后面缺乏维他命D会导致一些疾病可得知第一段主要讲Vitamin D的功能。、
小题2:从第二段darker-skinned people produce less vitamin D than lighter-skinned people. The amount also decreases in older people可知年老深色皮肤的人产生的Vitamin D最少。
小题3:从第三段Foods high in this vitamin include oily fish and fish liveroils (鱼肝油)Farmed fish.。。。found in beef liver, cheese and egg yolks比较得出Farmed fish里Vitamin D最丰富。
小题4:推断题。从第二段The easiest way to get vitamin D is from sunlight可看出A答案表达错误。Ｂ答案是直接信息，不能入选，Ｄ答案未提及，故选Ｃ
点评：本文讲述了Vitamin D的功能和作用及获得Vitamin D的方式，如晒太阳及吃富含Vitamin D的食物 |
举一反三
Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.
Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It"s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.
"It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness," said the study"s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.
In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.
In this study, Cohen"s interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.
Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.
小题1:Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?| A．People talked about their feelings every day. | | B．People were kept alone for six days. | | C．People were given colds by doctors. | | D．People were made to feel unhappy. |
小题2:What did the study find?| A．People who felt happy never got ill. | | B．People"s feelings didn"t influence their health. | | C．People with good feelings became ill more easily. | | D．People with positive feelings had less serious illnesses. |
小题3:According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?| A．Eating. | B．Crying. | C．Laughing. | D．Sleeping. |
小题4:This passage is a/an .| A．advertisement | B．newspaper report | C．story | D．scientist"s diary |
小题5:What is the best title for this passage?| A．Smiles can fight colds | B．Cause of colds found | | C．The danger of colds | D．How people get sick |
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If you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory（记忆力） is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.
小题1:The main reason for one’s poor memory is that _______. | A．his father or mother may have a poor memory | | B．he does not use his arm or legs for some time | | C．his memory is not often used | | D．he can’t read or write |
小题2:If you do not use your arms or legs for some time _______. | A．you can’t use them any more | | B．they will become stronger | | C．they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them again. | | D．they will become neither stronger nor weaker |
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true? | A．Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs. | | B．Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice. | | C．Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory. | | D．A good memory comes from more practice. |
小题4:Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _______. | A．they have save much trouble | | B．they have saved much time to remember things | | C．they have to use their memories all the time | | D．they can’t write everything in a little notebook |
小题5:Which is the best title for this passage? | A．Don’t Stop Using Your Arms or Legs | B．How to Have a Good Memory | | C．Strong Arms and Good Memories | D．Learn From the People |
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Office workers should know that long periods of sitting at your desk may be a killer. Scientists have shown a new threat from this lifestyle that they call “muscular inactivity (肌肉迟钝)”．
Sitting still for long periods of time leads to the buildup of substances (物质) in the blood that are harmful to health. And exercise alone won’t drive them away.
Millions of people spend their days between car，office desk and the sofa in front of the TV. While the bad influences are well rocognized，it has been thought that they can be changed by regular trips to the gym or swimming pool.
Now researchers say that is not enough. In addition to regular exercise，office workers need to keep moving while they work，by making regular trips to the printer，coffee machine or to chat with workmates.
Elin EkblomBak，an expert on health，says research shows long periods of sitting and lack (缺乏) of “whole body muscular movement” are strongly linked to obesity，heart disease and cancer，and a higher risk of death，regardless of (不管) whether they take enough exercise.
“Everyone knows about the health benefits of regular exercise. But what we haven’t realized before is that longperiod sitting down carries an extra risk that cannot be dealt with by taking exercise，” Dr EkblomBak said，adding that sitting still should be recognized as a risk to health.
“It is important to have a fiveminute break from desk work every 45 minutes. Don’t email workmates—walk across the office to give them the message. Take a coffee break or put the printer in the next room. I am a desk worker and I try to do it. It is not difficult but sometimes you get lost in your work and you forget about it.”
However，more studies are needed to confirm the ill effects of sitting for too long and ways of fighting them. But at present they conclude that “keep moving” should be added to the advice to “keep exercising.”
小题1:Nowadays，many office workers wrongly think that________.| A．long periods of sitting has bad influences on them | | B．regular exercise benefits them after long periods of sitting | | C．they are living a lifestyle called “muscular inactivity” | | D．it’s unfair for them to sit in the office for too long |
小题2:What does the author suggest office workers should do?| A．Chat with workmates often. | | B．Send emails instead of chatting. | | C．Keep moving in the office regularly. | | D．Take more exercise after work. |
小题3:The last paragraph suggests that the result of the study is________.| A．scientific | B．uncertain | C．unbelievable | D．convincing |
小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．A new threat ：longperiod sitting | | B．Office workers should keep exercising | | C．Taking exercise benefits a lot | | D．Keep moving，it could save your life |
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Every hour spent in watching TV, DVDs and videos as an adult reduces life expectancy by almost 22 minutes, a study suggests. And viewing TV for an average of six hours a day can cut short your life by five years.
The research claims that a sedentary(久坐的) lifestyle is as bad for health as smoking and obesity, because of the dangers caused by inactivity and the greater opportunities it offers for unhealthy eating.
The academics conducting the study set out to calculate the overall risk to life expectancy from watching television. Their research involved more than 11,000 people over the age of 25.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded. "TV viewing time may be associated with a loss of life, which is similar to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity."
The researchers, from the University of Queensland, used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.
But they said: "Although we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialized and developing countries are likely to be similar, considering the large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns." In the United Kingdom, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day, compared with five hours in the United States.
Earlier this year, a separate study suggested the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease, or dying early, rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box.
England"s Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: "Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know - that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realize that there are many ways to get exercise."
小题1:We can learn from the passage that_______| A．whether you watch TV or not has nothing to do with how long you will live | | B．if an adult watches TV for six hours every day, he will die five years earlier | | C．physical inactivity and obesity won"t shorten your life | | D．a sedentary lifestyle offers huge benefits. |
小题2:The word "it" in the second paragraph refers to| A．a sedentary lifestyle | B．eating | C．smoking | D．obesity |
小题3:What do we know from the last three paragraphs?| A．People in the United Kingdom watch TV longer than those in the United States. | | B．That a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks isn"t supported by other studies. | | C．Watching TV for two hours a day will increase the risk of illnesses or dying early by 20%. | | D．It is through these studies that we know a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. |
小题4:The passage is intended to _______.| A．inform the readers of a research on watching TV | | B．warn the readers of the harm of watching TV and hope they do sports | | C．tell the readers watching TV is also a good way to relax | | D．tell the readers large amounts of people often watch TV |
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The vitamins (维生素) are named by letters of the alphabet (字母表). Vitamin A is needed by the eyes. There is Vitamin A in milk, butter, and green vegetables. It can be kept by the body.
Vitamin B cannot be kept. It must be supplied all the time by some of the food we eat.
Vitamin C is very important to the body. Without it men’s teeth become loose (松的) and their arms and legs get weak. Lemons (柠檬), oranges and tomatoes have Vitamin C in them.
Vitamin D is the sun vitamin. We get it in milk and eggs and from sunlight on our skin (皮). There are other Vitamins, but these A, B, C and D, are the most important.
小题1:There are many kinds of vitamins, the most important of which are ______.| A．Vitamin A | B．Vitamin B and C | | C．Vitamin D and A | D．Vitamin A ,B,Cand D |
小题2:There are both Vitamins A and D in ______.| A．green vegetable | B．sunlight | C．butter and eggs | D．milk |
小题3:If somebody is near-eye sighted probably he needs ______. | A．Vitamin A | B．Vitamins A and C | C．Vitamin D | D．Vitamin B |
小题4:We can get Vitamin D when ______.| A．we have bread and butter for our breakfast | B．we are eating fruits | | C．we are working in the field in the sun | D．we are having eggs |
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