阅读理解。 Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behaviour agree tha
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| 阅读理解。 |
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually
an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation."I can"t think of a single study that hasn"t
found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to," says Dr David.Even people who
think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleepdeficit crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light
bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th
centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep
about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing
to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,the sleep
schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had
to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat in their sleep,and they don"t even realize they"re
doing it," says Dr David."They think they"re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally energetic."
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.
Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community increase,many people
consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme."In our society,you"re considered
dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours" sleep.If you"ve got to get 8.5 hours,people
think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleepdeficit,researchers have put subjects through a
set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of
numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We"ve found that if you"re in
sleepdeficit,performance suffers," says Dr David."Shortterm memory is weakened,as are
abilities to make decisions and to concentrate." |
| 1．What is the main topic of the passage?_____ |
A．Research on the causes and consequences of sleepdeficit.
B．The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C．The history of people"s sleeping patterns.
D．The minimum of our sleeping hours. |
| 2．Which of the following is Dr David"s opinion?_____ |
A．People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don"t.
B．Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5 hours" sleep a night.
C．If they get 8.5 hours" sleep,people will be full of drive and ambition.
D．People"s mental power suffers if they are lacking in sleep. |
| 3．People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night because ________. |
A．they were forced by their parents to do so
B．they knew what was best for their health
C．they had no electricity
D．they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are |
| 4．The major cause of sleepdeficit of modern people is ________. |
A．the endless TV programmes in the evenings and the Internet
B．the pressures of the day
C．the sufficient energy modern people usually have
D．loud noises in modern cities |
| 5．What does the word "subjects" in Paragraph 4 mean?______. |
A．Persons or things being discussed or described.
B．Branches of knowledge studied in a school.
C．Persons or things being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D．Any member of a state apart from the supreme ruler. |
答案
| 1-5ADCBC |
举一反三
| 阅读理解 |
Many kids turn up their noses at the thought of eating fish because, well, it can smell "fishy". While it
is usually a healthy source of protein in the diet, there may be several reasons to avoid biting into a forkful
of fish. Before you break out the tartar sauce, learn some facts about fish to keep yourself and the
environment healthy.
Some fish may contain harmful chemicals, which can be the result of both natural causes and water
pollution. Mercury is a poisonous chemical, which occurs naturally in oceans and the Earth"s crust, but
also comes from manmade sources, such as pesticides, burning garbage, and the releasing of fossil fuels.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a group of chemicals, can also be found in some fish. These
dangerous manmade chemicals were used in many industries until 1977, when they were banned. PCBs
were released or leaked into the air and water and have been transported around the globe.
How do mercury and PCBs end up in fish and the food supply? When they are released into the air,
they attach themselves to particles. These particles settle on the ground and in the water and are
eventually eaten by microscopic organisms. Small fish eat the microorganisms, and large fish eat the small
fish and on up the food chain.
Because they can negatively affect your health, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency advises
that kids younger than 15 years old avoid fish that contain high levels of mercury and PCBs. These
include shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish.
There are also many types of fish that are good for you, but because of overfishing are in danger of
being wiped out. Some are being fished in the wild so much that they cannot reproduce fast enough to
survive. Others are being farmed in ways that are not environmentally friendly. These fish include red
snapper, Atlantic salmon, blue fin tuna, and king crab.
Despite these problems, there are several fish that are both healthy and sustainable, such as Alaskan
salmon, American catfish, Pacific cod, and several farmraised fish and shellfish.
【文章大意】 鱼虽富含蛋白质, 但本文却建议小孩子不要吃鱼以及说明了其中的原因. |
| 1. How do mercury and PCBs come to our food supply? |
A. Mercury and PCBs-water-fish-particles-food supply
B. Mercury and PCBs-particles-organisms-fish-food supply
C. Mercury and PCBs-particles-fish-organisms-food supply
D. Mercury and PCBs-organisms-ground and water-fish-food supply |
| 2. The underlined word "they" (Paragraph 5) refers to "________". |
A. fish
B. particles
C. microscopic organisms
D. mercury and PCBs |
| 3. According to the passage, which group of fish can be safely eaten by young kids? |
A. Shellfish；tilefish；Alaskan salmon.
B. King crab；king mackerel；Pacific cod.
C. Pacific cod；Alaskan salmon；American catfish.
D. Pacific cod；Atlantic salmon；swordfish. |
| 4. The writer is most likely to agree that ________. |
A. we should be careful when deciding what kind of fish to eat
B. overfishing is the main cause of fish poisoning
C. most types of fish can be safely raised on fish farms
D. the government should ban children under 15 from eating fish |
| 5. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. |
A. children like eating fish because it smells fishy
B. if you want to be more environmentally friendly, eat less fish
C. PCBs were not allowed to be used in food industry before 1977
D. adults might be less affected by high chemical levels in fish |
| 阅读理解 |
The Ministry of Health has called for more awareness from the public on the mental health of the
young,as part of efforts to mark World Mental Health Day.
More than 15 percent of the Chinese youth have been found with mental problems,and about 30
million young people under 17 are suffering from depression,the Shanghaibased Wenhui Daily reported.
The World Health Organization estimated that before 2020,the rate of children with mental problems
will increase to 50 percent,and mental problems will become a major factor behind death and illness in
the young worldwide.
Deng Xiaohong,the spokesperson for the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau,said rapid social change is
one of the reasons behind the rising number of youngsters with psychological problems.
If these mental diseases are not addressed on time,occurrence of crime,drugtaking and other dangerous behavior is expected to rise.
Experts said mental disease could be caused by many factors,such as the inability to handle
interpersonal relations well,unstable emotions and pressure from the overload of study. A number of
experts have also said the onechild policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in the young.
Children were said to be too "spoiled" and "selfish" in onechild families. Schools in many cities were
reported rolling out measures to help students maintain their mental wellbeing. Yin Jingmiao,a teacher of
the Beijing No. 105 Middle School,told China Daily that the school invites psychologists to provide
counseling to students three times a month. "Students can be arranged to have 40minute counseling
sessions," Yin said. The school also gives lectures on mental health to senior grade students before
they take the national college entrance exams,to help ease any anxiety arising from the tests.
1．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To urge awareness on mental health of the young.
B．To give the details of the problems the Chinese youth are facing today.
C．To recommend that schools should invite more psychologists to help solve the mental
problems among the youth.
D．To show us the causes of the mental problems among students.
2．The underlined word "addressed" in the fifth paragraph most probably means ______.
A．talked about
B．dealt with
C．satisfied
D．introduced
3．From the passage we can know that the causes of mental problems are mainly the
following EXCEPT ________.
A．onechild policy
B．lack of ability to handle interpersonal relations well
C．lack of special training in mental health
D．heavy burden from study0
4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．By 2020,about 50 percent of the students in China will have mental problems.
B．Mental problems mainly appear among the youth while they are seldom seen among adults.
C．China has the largest number of youngsters with psychological problems.
D．Many schools have realized the problem and taken measures.
5．We can infer that to bring down the occurrence of mental problems among the youth,_______.
A．attention should be paid to the education of the only child
B．psychologist must be a necessary part of school
C．the government will cancel tests to ease the pressure on the students
D．rapid social change plays the leading part in causing mental problems |
| 阅读理解 |
Each weekday, come rain or shine, a group of children, aged 3 to 6, walk into a forest outside
Frankfurt to sing songs, build fires and roll in the mud.
The birthplace of kindergarten is returning to its roots. While schools and parents elsewhere are
pushing young children to read, write and surf the Internet earlier in order to prepare for an increasingly
cutthroat(竞争激烈的) global economy, some little Germans are taking a less traveled path-deep into
the woods.
Germany has about 700 Wald kindergartens, or forest kindergartens, in which children spend their
days outdoors all year round. Blackboards replaced by the Black Forest. Erasers give way to pine
cones(松果). Hall passes aren"t required, but bug repellent(驱虫剂) is a good idea.
The schools are a throwback(返回) to Friedrich Froebel, the German educator who opened the
world"s first kindergarten, or children"s garden, more than 150 years ago. Mr. Froebel advised that
young children should play in nature, free from too many numbers and letters.
Only a small number of German children attend Wald kindergarten, but their numbers have been
rising since local parent groups began setting up these programs in the mid1990s, following the lead of
a Danish community. Similar schools exist in smaller numbers in Scandinavia, Switzerland and Austria.
The concept is arousing interest far afield-even in the U. S., whose first Wald kindergarten opened in
Portland, Ore., last fall.
Academic studies of such schools are in their infancy(初期). Some European researchers believe
Wald kindergarten kids exercise their imaginations more than their brickandmortar_peers do and are
better at concentrating and communicating. Despite dangers, from insects particularly, the children
appear to get sick less often in these freshair settings. Studies also suggest their writing skills are less
developed, though, and that they are less skills than other children at distinguishing colors, forms and sizes.
1. The passage mainly talks about ________.
A. forest kindergartens
B. a great German educator
C. the birthplace of kindergarten
D. education in Germany
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The kids in the Wald kindergarten spend their days outdoors once a week.
B. There are more than 700 Wald kindergartens in Europe.
C. Friedrich Frobel opened the world"s first forest kindergarten.
D. Nearly all the German children attend Wald kindergarten.
3. What might NOT be found in the "forest kindergartens"?
A. Black Forest.
B. Pine cones.
C. Bug repellent.
D. Many numbers and letters.
4. From the last paragraph, we can learn that "brickandmortar peers" refers to ________.
A. kids who stay at home
B. kids who study in the classroom
C. kids who like brick and mortar
D. kids who suffer from illness
5. Kids in the Wald kindergarten may ________.
①be more imaginative
②be good at exchanging ideas with other kids
③face more dangers in the forest
④be skillful at writing
A. ①③④
B. ②③④
C. ①②③
D. ①②④ |
| 阅读理解。 |
Polar bears live in the coldest environments on Earth-the Arctic. Called "ice bears" in many
European languages, polar bears depend on the ice that surrounds them for their survival. As the
Arctic climate changes and the ice slowly disappears, polar bears face an increasingly uncertain
future.
Polar bears impress us with their incredible size, power and ability to survive in the cold Arctic.
These giants can stand three meters tall and weigh over 500kg, and they spend their lives traveling
throughout the Arctic. Two layers of fur keep them warm. Interestingly,the hairs are hollow in order
to direct the sunlight straight to the skin. Undemeath their fur, polar bears have an
additional l0-cm-layer of fat.
Polar bears hunt ringed seals (环斑海豹), which live under the Arctic ice. They wait patiently
for hours beside holes in the ice pack (浮冰群) for seals to surface and breathe. Using their great
strength , the bears pull the heavy animals up onto the ice. The seals provide much of the fat the
bears need for warmth.
Since 2006 , polar bears have been labeled a vulnerable (脆弱的) species. Most experts feel
the threat to polar bears comes not from hunters or predators(食肉动物),but from the gradual melting
of Arctic ice. Due to global climate change, the Arctic region is getting warmer. Arctic ice is breaking
up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing.
Problems polar bears around Canada"s Hudson Bay are facing may indicate what lies ahead for
polar bears elsewhere. Hudson Bay is located at the southern limit of the polar bears" territory(领地) .
Currently,the ice there breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring than it did 20 years ago. Polar
bears on Hudson Bay fast during the summer,waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year,the
Summer gets longer, and the bears get skinner. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the
female bears has dropped 68kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number
of births has dropped 15% . Unless the bears can leam to survive global climate change, the giants
of the ice may one day disappear. |
| 1. What puts polar bears in a challenging situation in the future? |
A. More humans hunting in the Arctic.
B. The warming climate and melting ice.
C. The reducing number of food resources.
D. The changing weather and new habitats. |
| 2. Paragraph 2 is mainly concemed with___________. |
A. the description of polar bears
B. polar bears" pattern of survival
C. brief information on polar bears
D. the types of polar bears |
| 3. Which description of polar bears is TRUE? |
A. Polar bears are usually of medium size
B. Polar bears feed mainly on ringed seals.
C. In winter polar bears live under water.
D. Polar bears travel beyond the Arctic in summer. |
| 4. The female bears have lost weight greatly in the past decades because___________. |
A. there are a few ringed seals to hunt
B. winter days are getting much longer
C. they have to give birth to more young
D. they have to wait longer before hunting |
| 5. We can feel that the author"s tone for polar bears is__________. |
A. sympathetic
B. optimistic
C. hopeful
D. indifferent |
Car sharing is another way to drive green that"s gaining in popularity, especially in urban areas.
People who may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands （差事）or drive on weekends
benefit most from car sharing. Car sharing is usually run by a service like Zipcar, though there are
non-profit （非营利的）and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and have
access to an entire fleet of cars when they need one. The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city,
so members only need to make a reservation, and then go to the pickup spot.
Car sharing has major environmental benefits because it reduces the number of cars on the road.
Members don"t drive just because they are in a car. They plan trips, and if they don"t need a car, they
don"t use one. Still, a car is available to them if they need to make a big trip to the grocery store, pick
someone up at the airport or if they want to go to the beach for the day. Members also benefit by
having access to a car without any of the headaches of ownership. They usually don"t have to pay for the
gas, insurance or maintenance （保养）, and the monthly membership fee is less than a typical car
payment. So if you really want to go green but aren’t ready to totally give up a car yet, car sharing may
be the way to go.
If you still need to get around, but want to go even greener than sharing a car, share a bus! |
| 1. The author intends to tell us that car sharing ________. |
A. has become the most popular way to go to work
B. has become the best way to cut living costs
C. is becoming more and more popular in cities
D. is becoming popular both in urban and rural （乡村的）areas |
| 2. We can conclude from the passage that _________. |
A. Zipear can"t help you if you are running urgent errands
B. Zipcar, different from other services, aims green driving with no profit
C. Zipcar is a company supplying car sharing service for a monthly payment
D. Zipcar is a company providing formal car sharing free |
| 3. The second paragraph mainly tells us _________. |
A. why people will share a car
B. why car sharing benefits the environment
C. why car sharing is cheaper than owning a car
D. why a car is available to members |
| 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? |
A. Car sharing has become a new trend （趋势）.
B. Car sharing can save you the headaches of ownership.
C. Bus sharing is even greener than car sharing.
D. Zipcar is the largest company offering car sharing services. |
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