阅读理解。 Downing the last drop of an expensive famous brand H2O as weIl as reme
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阅读理解。 |
Downing the last drop of an expensive famous brand H2O as weIl as remembering to throw the empty bottle in the recycling bin.makes you feel pretty good about yourself, right? It shouldn"t. Even when the bottles are recycled, there are all kinds of otherconsequences of swallowing bottled water, says Melissa Peffers, the air-quality program manager for Environmental Defense. The containers are often filled in foraway lands, then shipped from abroad,and stored in refrigerators at your local store. Compare that with the influence on environment of turning on your tap ,filling a glass,and drinking up! Anyone who is choosing bottled water for health reasons ismisguided,says Peffers,"Most bottled water is just tap water." And what comes out of your tap is carefully monitored to follow the strictrules. Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive. especially when compared with the altemative,which is almost free ,andit is astonishing that America"s desire for bottled water seems impassibleto satisfy,reaching nearly 30 billion bottles a year. "My parents" generation never had bottled water, "saysIsabelle Silverman,an Environinental Defense legal adviser. She hasmade a commitment to going bottle free."You don"t need to fetch ithome from the store,and it"s cheaper, " she adds Bottled water"s role as a status symbol needs to change,Pefferspoints out. So when a waiter at an expensive restaurant offers"Andwhat"s your drink?"that"s no reason to forget your conviction(信念). "Don"t be afraid to say,"I"ll have tap." Say it loud enoughthat the other tables nearby can hear you,"Peffers says,"And thenspend that money on a dessert. " |
1. In the first paragraph,the underlined sentence"It shouldn"t."suggest that people________. |
A. shouldn"t feel pleased with finishing the water in the bottle B. shouldn"t feel good about drinkinl an expensive brand H2O C. shouldn"t be content with just recycling empty bottles D. shouldn"t be satisfied with drinking only bottled water |
2. According to the author, tap water is_________. |
A. as safe as bottled water B. more likely to be polluted C. healthier than bottled water D. less convenient than bottled water |
3. The underlined part"going bottle free"(in Paragraph 4)means"______". |
A. making bottled water free B. abandoning bottled water C. recycling used water bottles D. providing free water containers |
4. Why does Peffers ask people to say"I"ll have tap."loudly? |
A. To encourage them to set an example for others to follow. B. To advise them to save the money for one more dessert. C. To remind them to be aware of their social status. D. To persuade them to speak confidently in public. |
答案
1-4CABA |
举一反三
阅读理解。 |
Compared to people with bad attitudes , people who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. " It"spossiblethatbeingupbeathelpsthe bodyfight illnesses", says Sheldon Cohen, the study"s lead researcher from Camegie Mellon University( CMU) in Pittsburgh. In a previous study,Cohen and his colleagues put cold-causing viruses into the noses of 334 healthy adults. People who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles, coughs , and other cold symptoms. People who showed positive feelings were also less likely to mention symptoms to their doctors , even whenmedical tests detected those symptoms. Those findings were interesting, but they didn"t prove that a person"s attitude affects whether he or she gets sick. Instead,it was still possible that a person"s underlying personality is what matters.Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic , with high self-esteem and a sense of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, ultimately decides our chances of catching colds. To figure out which mattered more ( personality or emotions) , the CMU team interviewed 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks. At the end of the interviewing period, people got nose drops that contained either cold or flu viruses. Then, each person stayed in an isolated room for 5 0r 6 days. The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous 2 weeks. Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus, for example,28 percent developed coughs and stuffy noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had been less upbeat. |
1. What would be the best title for the passage?_____ |
A. Smiles Turn Away Colds B. An Interesting Way to Beat Colds C. Be Outgoing and Optimistic to Fight Colds D. What Matters More, Personality or Emotions? |
2. In the previous study, people who showed positive feelings______ |
A. didn"t catch colds as often B. developed cold symptoms more slowly C. were less likely to have cold symptoms detected D. were less likely to feel cold symptoms |
3. What mainly decides our chances of catching colds according to the new study?______ |
A. Personality. B. Self-esteem. C. Emotions.D. Attitudes. |
4. The underlined word " symptoms"probably means _________ . |
A. something that causes cold B. something that results in cold C. signs that something exists , especially something bad D. changes in your body or mind that show that you are not healthy |
阅读理解. |
When one person gains weight , their close friends oftenfollow. Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity (肥胖) appears to spread through social ties. But the findings might also offer hope. If friends help make obesity acceptable , then they might also be influential in losing the fat.The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems , likealcoholism (酗酒 ) . The findings appeared in the New EngLand Journal of Medicine. The researchers used information collected from 12, 000 people. It was collected between 1972 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study. The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information(联络信息 ) for close friends of the people in the study. The researchers examined more than 40 , 000 social ties. They found a person"s chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 50% if a friend had become obese. A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead researcher in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship (因果关系) betweena persongetting fatand being followed in weight gain by a friend. The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendship, a person had a 71%increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gainin a brother. In sisters ,it was 67% . The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California,was the other lead expert. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighhorhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people"s health is tied to their social connections. Both researchers say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue , but a public health problem. |
1. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?______ |
A. Obesity is a negative influence on close friends. B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight. C. One might have positive influence on one"s friend. D. Friendship may have little to do with one"s health. |
2. Which of the following statements would Nicholas Christakis agree to?______ |
A. If one gains weight, one"s friends are likely to get fat. B. Social problems like alcoholism are easy to deal with. C. Friends usually don"t follow each other to lose weight. D. One might influence others on their social behavior. |
3. The increased risk of gaining weight by an obese sister is _______. |
A. 50% B. 40% C. 67% D. 71% |
4. James Fowler seems to believe that________. |
A. a friend who lives nearby affects us most B. one"s health has nothing to do with friends C. social connections have effects on one"s life D. a friend living faraway has the same influence as one"s neighbor |
5. The author makes his point clear in the text________. |
A. a major part of people"s health is based on their genes B. friends living closer have greater influence on one"s health C. social relationship is closely connected with people"s health D. people"s physical condition is subject to social connections
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阅读理解. |
Widespread evidence links global warming to a series of environmental effects. Starving polar bears are eating one another in the Arctic. Flowers are blooming (盛开) too soon and die. The ice caps are melting so fast that rising water levels will threaten coastal towns along Florida within several decades. These are just a few examples of the terrible consequences of climate change discovered by a new research in Nature that paints a dark portrait of what a warming world will look like in the years to come. The researchers analyzed 829 abnormal phenomena-including melting glaciers (冰川)-along with nearly 30, 000 changes in plants and animals.and found that about 90% of them are in sync (同步) with scientists" predictions about how global warming will change the planet. "In the past three decades, average global temperatures have risen about 0. 60C and are projected to jump by about l.7℃ by the end of the century," says Cynthia Rosenzweig, who leads the Climate Impacts Group at NASA"s Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University in New York. " We"ve already seen that a relatively low amount of warming, "she says , " can result in a broad range of changes. " The unnatural warming caused by man-made greenhouse gases , especially carbon dioxide produced by cars and coal-powered plants, brings trouble for entire ecosystems. In North America alone, scientists have identified 89species of plants . such as the American holly , which have flowered earlier in the spring. In Spain , apple trees bloom 35 days ahead of schedule. in response to the higher temperatures. Other wildlife , liketheinsects that use certain plants for food and the birds that feed on the insects, must then move forward their seasonal stirrings and mating patterns to survive. To try to follow this time shift.some birds such as robins.the classic symbol of winter"sthaw , are returning toColorado fromtheir migrations some two weeks earlier than in years past. All these changes can throw a food chain in disorder, some bird species that arrive before the insects reappear may starve to death. "Around the world, plants and animals "are waking up to an earlier alarm clock than they used to, "says "rerry Root, a biologist from Stanford University. |
1. The author describes some unnatural phenomena in Paragraph 2 to_____. |
A. show a picture of the present world B. present the results of a recent research C. indicate the earth is now in great danger D. call readers" attention to the new research |
2. The analysis of abnormal phenomena on earth shows that _______ . |
A. most changes agree with scientists" previous predictions B. global warming has changed all the plants and animals C. melting glaciers have caused the worst side effects D. scientists made wrong predictions about the future of earth |
3. Why must some birds move about earlier than usual?______ |
A. Because the warm weather wakes them up earlier. B. Because certain trees bloom a month ahead of time. C. Because they need to follow some insects for food. D. Because the plants they use to hunt food bloom late. |
4. What do we know about robins?______ |
A. Farmers depend on them to tell the time. B. They used to come back when spring came. C. They used to predict the change of weather. D. They usually migrate when seasons change. |
5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?______ |
A. Man Is to Blame for Global Warming B. Humans Are Causing the World to Heat Up C. The Terrible Consequences of Climate Change D. Global Warming Is Changing Nature"s Clock |
阅读理解。 |
Just about every week now, we read a newspaper headline about the genetic basis for breast cancer, intelligence Such news stories may lead us to believe our lives are being revolutionized by genetic discoveries. We may be close to changing and getting rid of mental illness, for example and identify the causes of crime, personality, and other basic human weaknesses. But these hopes, it turns out, are based on faulty assumptions about genes and behavior. In many cases, people are motivated to accept research claims by the hope of finding solutions for frightening problems, like breast cancer. Accepting genetic causes for their characteristics can relieve guilt about behavior they want to change but can"t. Efforts made to fight against them, at growing expense, have made little or no visible progress. The public wants to hear that science can help. Meanwhile, genetic claims are being made for many ordinary and abnormal behaviors, from addiction to shyness and even to political views and divorce . If who we are is determined from pregnancy, then our efforts to change or to influence our children may be useless. There may also be no basis for insisting that people behave themselves and obey laws. Thus, the revolution in thinking about genes has great consequences for how we view ourselves as human beings. Most claims linking emotional disorders and behaviors to genes are statistical in nature. The research finds are insufficient for deciding that alcoholism or manic-depression (躁狂抑郁症患者) is inherited. In the late 1980s, genes for manic-depression were identified by teams of geneticists. The claims have now been definitively proved wrong. Genetic data on the major mental illnesses make it clear that they can"t be reduced to purely genetic causes. According to Myrna Weissman, Ph.D., Americans born before 1905 had a 1 percent rate of depression by age 75. Among Americans born a half century later, 6 percent become depressed by age 24! Similarly, while the average age at which manic-depression first appears was 32 in the mid 1960s, its average beginning today is 19. Only social factors can produce such large shifts in rate and age of beginning of mental disorders in a few decades. Scientists actively debate whether disorders like alcoholism are more or less biologically driven. If they are mainly biological-rather than psychological, social, and cultural-then there may be a genetic basis for them. In 1990,Kenneth Blum, Ph.D., of the University of Texas, and Ernest Noble, M.D., of the University of California, Los Angeles, found a certain gene in 70 percent of a group of alcoholics, but in only 20 percent of a non-alcoholic group. But in 1993 Joel Gelernter, M.D., of Yale and his colleagues surveyed all the studies that examined this gene and alcoholism. Different from Blum and Noble"s research, the results were that 18 percent of non-alcoholics, 18 percent of problem drinkers, and 18 percent of severe alcoholics all had the gene. As for Blum and Noble"s work, a more reasonable model is that genes may affect how people experience alcohol. Perhaps some people"s nerves are more activated by alcohol. But although genes can influence reactions to alcohol, they cannot explain why some people continue drinking to the point of destroying their lives. Therefore, claims that our genes cause our problems, our misbehavior, even our personalities are more a mirror of our culture"s attitudes than a window for human understanding and change. |
1.The word "revolutionized" in paragraph 1 can best replaced by ________. |
A. identified B. changed C. misunderstood D. disturbed |
2.Which of the following is conveyed in this article? |
A. Some people are happy to accept genetic causes for their behavior. B. We are close to finding solutions to human weaknesses. C. The public wants scientists to help fight against illnesses. D. Americans became depressed at an early age for genetic causes. |
3.If our characteristics are genetic, then _______. |
A. We can only rely on environment to influence our children B. We may think of who we are differently C. We can change our children"s behavior D. We need to make greater efforts to behave ourselves |
4.What can we learn from Dr. Gelernter and his colleagues" research? |
A. There may be a genetic basis for alcoholism. B. Genes can explain why people drink too much. C. Perhaps drinking is more rewarding for alcoholics. D. There was no link between gene and alcoholism. |
5.Which do you think is the best title of the passage? |
A. My Genes Made Me Do It B. Nature and Education C. Here"s the Myth of Genes D. Genetic Discoveries |
阅读理解 |
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers. Their study found that theobromine , found in cocoa, was nearlv a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine,which was considered the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who published their resulcs online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. "While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life,and this discoverv could be a huge step forward in treating this problem. " said Professor Peter Barnes. Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine,codeine or a placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin,which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines arc stopping coughs. The team found that . when the volunteers were given theobromine , the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levels of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo. The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity , which causes coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness. |
1. According to Professor Barnes theobromine _________ . |
A. cannot be as effective as codeine B. can be harmful to people"s health C. cannot be separated from chocolate D. can be a more effective cure for coughs |
2. What was used in the experiment to cause coughing? |
A. Theobromine. B. Codeine. C. Capsaicin. D. Placebo. |
3. We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment ____. |
A. were patients with bad coughs B. were divided into three groups C. received standard treatments D. suffered little side effects |
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? |
A. Codeine : A New Medicine B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs C. Cough Treatment:A Hard Case D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs |
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