阅读理解。 A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to red
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| 阅读理解。 |
A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer,
actually increases the risk.
Researchers from the University of lows based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked
at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies
that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen
helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the
United States.
But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps
by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take
into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer-people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for
example-are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more
often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove
how well the products had been applied, said the new study. |
| 1. The underlined word "flaws" in the 2nd paragraph most probably means _____. |
A. evidences
B. facts
C. faults
D. failures |
| 2. People with fair skin and freckles _____. |
A. seldom use sunscreen
B. are more in danger of skin cancer
C. can be free from the harm of the sun
D. often expose themselves to the sun |
| 3. We can learn from the passage that _____. |
A. sunscreen users get skin cancer more often
B. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen
C. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers
D. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America |
| 4. Which of the following can be the beat title for this passage? |
A. Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer
B. Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
C. Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen
D. Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles |
答案
| 1-4: C B D A |
举一反三
| 阅读理解。 |
Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to
the then President Bush. Through her on efforts, her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards
(广告牌) across the country.
The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment
(Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989. There are now 300,000 members of Kids F.A.C.E. worldwide and it is the world"s
largest youth environmental organization.
Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a "Children"s Forest" project in every national
park. In 1992, she was invited one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil
as part of the Voices of the future Program. In 1993, she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the
Caring Institute.
Since the organization started, Kids F.A.C.E. members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees!
Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kids" Yards-the creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地) and
now Kids F.A.C.E. is involved in the exciting Odyssey, which is a great way to start helping.
"We try to tell kids that it"s not OK to be lazy," she explains, "You need to start being a response,
environmentally friendly person now, right now, before you become a resource-sucking adult." |
| 1. Kids F.A.C.E. is _____. |
A. a program to help students with writing
B. a project of litter recycling
C. a campaign launched by President Bush
D. a club of environmental protection |
| 2. What can we learn about Poe? |
A. She was awarded a prize in Brazil.
B. She donated billboards across the country.
C. She got positive responses for her efforts.
D. She joined the National Park Service. |
| 3. Kid"s Yards is _____. |
A. established in national park
B. started to protect wildlife
C. a wildlife-raising project
D. an environment park for kids |
| 4. Which of the following can be inferred from the text? |
A. Adults are resources -sucking people.
B. Poe sought help from a youth organization.
C. Kids F.A.C.E. members are from the U.S.
D. Kids are urged to save natural resources. |
| 阅读理解。 |
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the
year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment
because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover,these areas would
reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence
wind and rainfall patterns,potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources (资
源): land for crops, wood for paper and other products,land for raising farm animals. This action affects the
environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the air comes from burning the
rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much
more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees,generally they can only use the
land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right
now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world"s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world"s drug store. More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come
from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical
value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world"s shrinking
rainforests. |
| 1. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they _____. |
A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B. bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃
D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth |
| 2. What does the word"this" underlined in the third paragraph refer to? |
A. We will lose much more than we can gain.
B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C. People have a strong desire for resources.
D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. |
| 3. It can be inferred from the text that _____. |
A. we can get enough resources without rainforests
B. there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns |
| 4. What might be the best title for the text? |
A. How to Save Rainforests
B. How to Protect Nature
C. Rainforests and the Environment
D. Rainforests and Medical Development |
| 阅读理解。 |
We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little
effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more-doing the
Earth a favor while also helping our wallets.
Not long age. My wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet-not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying
question about climate change. Scientists have reported recently that the world is bending up even faster
than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don"t keep reducing
emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our
atmosphere.
We decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2. We
wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet. The average US household (家
庭) produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning
or driving cars. That"s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average,
mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But how much should we try to reduce?
For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing
the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts
in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the
melting (融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. "To stay below that point, we need to
reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent," he said.
Good advice, I thought. I"d opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind. We"d gotten so used to
keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. I"d almost forgotten the windows even opened. We
should not let this happen again. It"s time for us to change our habits if necessary. |
| 1. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? |
A. To take special kinds of food
B. To respond to climate change
C. To lose weight
D. To improve their health |
| 2. The underlined words "tipping points" most probably refer to _____. |
A. freezing points
B. burning points
C. melting points
D. boiling points |
| 3. It can be inferred from the passage that _____. |
A. it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time
B. it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2
C. the average US household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO2 a month
D. the average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO2 a month |
| 4. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? |
A. Saving Energy Starts at Home
B. Changing Habits Begins at Work
C. Changing Climate Sounds Reasonable
D. Reducing Emissions of CO2 Proves Difficult |
| 阅读理解。 |
Three years ago, five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona, thousands of miles from the Channel
Islands in Jersey. They had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how
to behave in this new Landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their king for 50 years. To the
researchers" surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set
free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages,
on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme.
Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success, mainly because the birds now being set free are
Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated (没收) on arrival north of the border, and raised by their
parents in the safety of the programme. The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and
psychology (心理) of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher, points out:"Reintroducing species of high
intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than
peers or valuable "collectables"."
Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to
study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point:
conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both
wild and caged birds.
Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. Forest, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing
parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural
home. We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets, particularly as the Trust"s campaign
does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds
raised by humans. |
| 1. What do we know about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced? |
A. Its landscape is new to parrots of their king.
B. It used to be home to parrots of their kind.
C. It is close to where they had been kept.
D. Pine trees were planted to attract birds. |
| 2. The reintroducing experience three years ago shows that man-raised parrots _____. |
A. can find their way back home in Jersey
B. are unable to recognize their parents
C. are unable to adapt to the wild
D. can produce a new species |
| 3. Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage? |
A. The Trust shows great concern for the programme.
B. We need to knows more about how to preserve parrots.
C. Many people are interested in collecting parrots.
D. Parrots" intelligence may someday benefit people. |
| 4. According to the passage, people are advised _____. |
A. to treat wild and caged parrots equally
B to set up comfortable homes for parrots
C. not to keep wild parrots as pets
D. not to let more parrots go to the wild |
| 阅读理解。 |
A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las Vegas to ask them what it
would take to design a public school that used 50 percent less energy, cost much less to build and obviously
improved student learning. "I think half of then fell off their chairs," Gerner says.
Gerner manages school facilities (设施) for Clark county, Nevada, a district roughly the size of
Massachusetts. By 2018, 143, 000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system.
Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them. Four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary
school prototypes (样品); They plan to construct their schools starting in 2009. The district will then assess
how well the schools perform, and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.
Green schools are appearing all over, but in Clark County, which stands out for its vastness, such
aggressive targets are difficult because design requirements like more natural light for students go against the
realities of a desert climate. "One of the biggest challenges is getting the right site orientation (朝向)," Mark
McGinty, a director at SH Architecture, says. His firm recently completed a high school in Las Vegas. "You
have the same building, same set of windows, but if its orientation is incorrect and it faces the sun, it will be
really expensive to cool."
Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of re most progressive green-design competitions has doubts
about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. "I don"t believe in the new green religion," Gerner says. "Some of the
building technologies that you get are impractical. I"m interested in those that work." But he wouldn"t mind
if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to
learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power." "You never know what"s going to start the
interest of a child to study math and science," he says. |
| 1. How did the architects react to Garner"s design requirements? |
A. They lost balance in excitement.
B. they showed strong disbelief.
C. they expressed little interest.
D. they burst into cheers. |
| 2. Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project? |
A. Assessment－Prototype－Design－Construction.
B. Assessment－Design－Prototype－Construction.
C. Design－Assessment－Prototype－Construction.
D. Design－Prototype－Assessment－Construction. |
| 3. What makes it difficult to build green schools in Clark County? |
A. The large size.
B. Limited facilities.
C. The desert climate.
D. Poor natural resources. |
| 4. What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools? |
A. They are questionable.
B. They are out of date.
C. They are advanced.
D. They are practical. |
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