What if it isn’t a dog-eat-dog world? What if caring for a dog or for a mom with
题型：不详难度：来源：
What if it isn’t a dog-eat-dog world? What if caring for a dog or for a mom with Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症) makes you stronger and allows you to live longer?
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley are challenging our long-held belief that humans are born to be selfish.
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was misunderstood by his male followers, the researchers say. Rather than “every man for himself”, Darwin believed that humans are successful as a species precisely because of our educational, selfless and sympathetic characteristics.
Why has it taken so long for Darwin’s central revelation(揭示) to be properly understood? “We’ve had too many men in social science,” Berkeley psychology professor Dacher Keltner told me in an interview. “Female scientists acknowledge that caring for people is part of human nature according to the research, which shows the human ability to care exists in our brains and nerve systems.”
In my book Passages in Caregiving , I urge women who take the whole responsibility for taking care of an elderly parent or a sick relative to build a “Circle of Care”. Reach out to your brothers and sisters, friends, neighbors and community volunteers to help you care, because no one can perform this overwhelming role alone. You will be as shocked as I to learn how the most selfless caregivers are rewarded with longer life.
Sympathy is not a woman’s word. In fact it makes all of us stronger under stress and more highly respected by our peers. For so long we have repeated the false saying “Nice guys finish last”. But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.
小题1:The first paragraph serves to .| A．give the background of the topic | | B．blame the world for selfishness | | C．urge people to care for a dog | | D．bring out the topic of the passage |
小题2:In Passages in Caregiving, women are advised to . | A．share the responsibility of caring with others | | B．take good care of themselves | | C．learn how to live a longer life | | D．help as many people as possible |
小题3:The underlined words “no spring chickens” in the last paragraph refer to .| A．rich people | B．poor people | C．young people | D．aged people |
小题4:Why does the author mention the 40 richest Americans’ commitment in this passage?| A．To argue against offering sympathy. | | B．To use it as an example to support his opinion. | | C．To show their generosity to society. | | D．To call on people to learn from them. |
小题5:Which of the following might be the BEST title of the passage?| A．Selflessness could be the secret to longer life | | B．Darwin’s theory of evolution is out of date now | | C．Measures must be taken to improve the world | | D．Males and females have different opinions about selflessness |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:A |
解析
试题分析：这篇文章主要讲述的是无私使人类更坚强，更长寿。
小题1:细节题。这篇文章通过第一段提出整个文章的主题思想。故选D
小题2:细节题。在作者的书《看护》的文章中，作者建议女性要和其他人一起分担照顾他人的责任。故选A
小题3:推断题。根据文章中But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens.但是这40个最富有的捐献了自己一半的财富的美国人都已经不再年轻了。可知，no spring chickens的意思是年龄大的人。故选D
小题4:推断题。 根据文章最后一段But the 40 richest Americans committed to doing good by donating half their fortunes are no spring chickens. So here is my new explanation：Nice guys die last.可知，作者最后使用一个例子来支持的他的观点：好人活的最长。故选B
小题5:主旨题。这篇文章讲述的是无私的人总是更坚强，寿命也更长。故选A
点评：文章重在理解作者的感情基调，从全文来看，作者主要表达了无私使人类更坚强，更长寿的观点，由此可见对于议论文的文章重在把握作者的感情色彩，答题时不断提醒自己作者在讲什么，作者的是在褒义还是在贬斥，这一点非常重要。 |
举一反三
This little story I’m about to tell you happened when I was about 11 years old, and I’II never forget it. I was at my friend Jenny’s __41__ after school one day, and we were doing (or not doing) homework.. __42__ I was there, Jenny’s mom came over to visit.
I don’t remember her name__43__ what her face looked like. I just remember her hands, her voice and the__44__ she taught me.
I can still see her hand __45__ for mine in our introduction. __46__ were so beautiful, I thought; rich, dark skin__47__ complemented(涂了) by the orange colored polish on her nails. Then I __48__ her saying, and not at all in a condescending(居高临下的) __49__ .“Oh no, that is NOT how you shake hands. Let me show you _50___.”
After that, I just remember her voice __51__ the importance of a good handshake, conveying（传递） a positive sense of self, looking at _52___ person in the eye, making that first moment matter…I think in that exchange I first understood__53__.
I respected her for __54__ the time to teach me about one of those subtleties(细微之处) in life. I appreciated the fact __55__ she didn’t look down upon me because I was 11 or because I didn’t know something. And so because of that I felt somewhat respected. I mean the _56___ she treated me. It felt good to be __57__ like a real person. I also appreciate her idea that _58__ someone doesn’t pay attention to something, be patient and point him or her__59__ the right direction. I__60__ her every time I meet someone and shake hands. And I’m so thankful for her little lesson.
| 小题1: | | A．office | B．house | C．family | D．room |
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| 小题2: | | A．Although | B．As | C．During | D．If |
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| 小题4: | | A．homework | B．English | C．lesson | D．knowledge |
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| 小题5: | | A．reaching down | B．reaching up | C．reaching out | D．reaching far |
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| 小题7: | | A．patiently | B．beautifully | C．strongly | D．thickly |
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| 小题8: | | A．listened | B．found | C．heard | D．saw |
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| 小题9: | | A．manner | B．means | C．method | D．voice |
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| 小题11: | | A．explains | B．explained | C．explain | D．explaining |
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| 小题12: | | A．the other | B．other | C．another | D．others |
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| 小题13: | | A．politeness | B．saying | C．friendship | D．respect |
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| 小题14: | | A．costing | B．spending | C．taking | D．using |
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| 小题16: | | A．place | B．position | C．way | D．time |
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| 小题17: | | A．talking about | B．talked to | C．talking to | D．talked about |
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| 小题18: | | A．as soon as | B．as long as | C．once | D．if |
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| 小题20: | | A．think over | B．think of | C．think about | D．think out |
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Letters to the next president
Dear Mr. President:
I would like to personally thank you for your time and concern for our great country. I would like to take a few minutes to address a few concerns that I have with the United States.
First of all, I would like to address the war. In my opinion, we should have never been involved with Iraq to the extent that we are now. I believe we should pull our troops out. However, I think there should be a time table that we follow but the time table should not be released（发布） because the enemy does not need to know when we are going to pull out. Also, the war takes out a ton of our money, which leads me to my next issue.
The economy right now, in the opinion of many Americans is the biggest issue with which we are facing right now. No one can predict what will happen one day or the next. The obvious thing to do is to put 700 billion dollars in the economy, but that bill failed and was rejected by the House of Representatives(众议院). Instead of putting 700 billion dollars in, I think the money should be equally distributed among Americans to pay off their debts. I"m not sure if this would work, but I think it is a positive alternative(替代) we could take.
My final issue I would like to call to your attention is teacher"s salaries. The high school students of today are America"s future. In a way, America"s future depends greatly on the high school teachers of America. Saying this, it is sad that teacher"s salaries are where they are. While teachers are working harder and harder every day to teach high school students, CEO"s of big companies that are driving our countries economy into the ground are getting bonuses. I"m not saying that teacher"s salaries should be the same of CEO"s of companies, but I do strongly believe that action should be taken to increase the salaries of teachers because they have one of the most important jobs in America - - preparing our country for the future.
Once again, thank you for your time and your effort you put in to making this great country a better place.
Sincerely, Walker
小题1:What"s the author"s attitude towards the Iraq War?| A．Supportive | B．Objective(客观的) | C．Negative | D．Positive |
小题2:What"s true about the time of pulling the troops out?| A．We should pull the troops out without delay. | | B．There is no need to have a time table to follow. | | C．The public has the fight to know the time table. | | D．We should keep the time secret from the enemy. |
小题3:According to the author, the 700 billion dollars__________| A．is the biggest issue with which we are facing right now. | | B．has been accepted by the House of Representatives. | | C．should be equally shared among Americans | | D．should be put in the economy |
小题4:When talking about high school teachers, the author thinks that____________| A．the teachers" salaries are not high enough. | | B．teacher"s salaries should be as high as CEO"s. | | C．the teachers work harder than CEO"s of companies. | | D．teaching is more important than any other job in America |
小题5:Which of the topics is NOT included in the letter?| A．Election | B．International affair | C．Finance | D．Education, |
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I worked hard for a whole week. So I decided to relax and went out of town with my son for the 1 . When we were walking on the street, we felt a little 2 . So we found a café and 3 to have lunch there. After we sat down at our table, I 4 an elderly couple having lunch at a table across the room. I must have looked over at them a few times because my son asked me if I 5 them. I shook my head and said no. But I told him that they 6 me of my own grandparents.
When the waitress came over, I asked her if she knew them. She said she did. She said it was the elderly man’s birthday today. On hearing this, I wanted to do something for them, so I told the 7 that I wanted to buy them the lunch and gave her the money.
Some time later, the elderly couple came over to 8 us. They were so excited that someone had bought them lunch. It was really a big 9 for them. They said that they had been a little 10 because their own son and daughter seemed to have 11 the old man’s birthday. But they were really cheered up by my 12 .
My son was surprised that I had paid for this couple who we didn’t know. He asked me why I did it. I smiled at him and replied that my grandparents used to go out for lunch to celebrate their birthdays in the same way and it just felt like the 13 thing to do to make this couple smile, 14 on their birthdays. Hearing my 15 , my son smiled.
| 小题1: | | A．week | B．hour | C．month | D．weekend |
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| 小题2: | | A．hungry | B．thirsty | C．hot | D．bored |
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| 小题3: | | A．continued | B．decided | C．refused | D．begged |
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| 小题4: | | A．noticed | B．visited | C．recognized | D．attracted |
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| 小题5: | | A．interrupted | B．invited | C．knew | D．needed |
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| 小题6: | | A．introduced | B．reminded | C．brought | D．sent |
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| 小题7: | | A．manager | B．man | C．couple | D．waitress |
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| 小题8: | | A．support | B．comfort | C．impress | D．thank |
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| 小题9: | | A．activity | B．surprise | C．chance | D．change |
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| 小题10: | | A．moved | B．tired | C．shocked | D．sad |
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| 小题11: | | A．ruined | B．delayed | C．forgotten | D．celebrated |
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| 小题12: | | A．action | B．advice | C．opinion | D．wish |
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| 小题13: | | A．right | B．normal | C．unnecessary | D．useful |
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| 小题14: | | A．always | B．only | C．especially | D．even |
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| 小题15: | | A．excuses | B．news | C．questions | D．words |
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C
One Sunday, my family had gathered at my parents’ house to feast upon Mom’s wonderful cooking. During the normal dinner chatter (闲聊), I noticed that my father was slurring (说话含混) his words. No one mentioned this during dinner, but I felt compelled to discuss it with my mother afterward.
We decided that there was something seriously wrong and that Dad needed to see the doctor.
Mom phoned me two days later. “The doctor found a brain tumor (肿瘤). It’s too large at this point to operate. Maybe they can do something then, but the odds are long.”
Even with the treatment, my father’s condition worsened, and the doctor finally informed us that this condition was terminal (晚期的). During one of his stays in the hospital, we brought our baby daughter Chelsey with us when we visited him. By this time he had great difficulty speaking. I finally figured out that he wanted Chelsey to sit on his stomach so he could make faces at her.
Watching the two of them together, I realized I was living an experience that would stay with me forever. Though grateful for the times they could share, I couldn’t shake the feeling of a clock ticking in the background.
On the visit to my parents’ home during what we all know was my father’s last days, my mother took Chelsey from my arms and announced, “Your father would like to see you alone for a minute.”
I entered the bedroom where my father lay on a rented hospital bed. He appeared even weaker than the day before.
“How are you feeling, Dad?” I asked. “Can I do anything for you?”
He tried to speak, but he couldn’t make out a word.
“I’m sorry, but I can’t understand you,” I said.
With great difficulty he said, “I love you.”
We don’t learn courage from heroes on the evening news. We learn true courage from watching ordinary people rise above hopeless situations. In many ways my father was a strict, uncommunicative man. He found it difficult to show emotion. The bravest thing I ever saw him do was overcome that barrier to open his heart to his son and family at the end of his life.
小题1:Which of the following statements is TRUE?| A．The writer accompanied his father to a medical examination. | | B．The writer’s father got worse after the removal of the brain tumor. | | C．The writer was quick to notice the strange condition of his father. | | D．The writer’s father had known about his illness before the writer discovered it. |
小题2: What does the underlined sentence “the odds are long” mean?| A．There’s little possibility for Father to recover. | | B．It takes a long time for Father to recover. | | C．Father needs love and care from his family. | | D．They need a proper time to operate on Father. |
小题3:The father had never said “I love you” to the writer before because ________.| A．he believed in strictness and punishment | | B．he was not so attached to the writer | | C．he thought there was no need to tell the writer | | D．he was not used to openly showing his emotions |
小题4:What does the writer attempt to tell us?| A．We don’t often value health until we lose it. | | B．Don’t wait to see a doctor till it is too late. | | C．Life is short, so live your life to the fullest. | | D．Bravely express your love for your family. |
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The world always makes way for the dreamer.
When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Zigler. I remember sitting in that dark hall listening to Mr. Zigler 36 everyone’s spirits up to the ceiling, I 37 there feeling like I could do anything. When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to 38 people feel like that.” My father asked me 39 I meant. “I want to be a motivational （激励人的）speaker just like Mr. Zigler,”I replied. A 40 was born.
Recently, I began seeking my dream of motivating others. 41 a four-year relationship with Fortune 100 Company 42 as a sales-trainer and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my 43 . Many people were 44 that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked 45 I would risk everything for a dream.
I made my 46 to start my own company and leave my secure position after 47 a regional sales meeting. The vice-president of our company delivered a 48 that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be?” After giving us a 49 to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a 50 ?” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment. I realized that 51 I had accomplished in the past had prepared me for this moment. I was ready and didn’t need a god’s help to become a motivational speaker. A motivational speaker was 52 .
Having made that decision, I was immediately 53 .One week after I gave notice, my husband was laid off from his job, and now we had no 54 . But I held fast to my dream. The wonder really began to happen. In a short time my husband found a better job．And I was able to book several 55 engagements with new customers. I discovered the incredible power of dreams.
| 小题2: | | A．slipped | B．came | C．arrived | D．left |
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| 小题5: | | A．speaker | B．idea | C．girl | D．dream |
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小题6:A．Because B．Before C After D．While
| 小题7: | | A．regarding | B．working | C．acting | D．beginning |
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| 小题8: | | A．life | B．love | C．income | D．career |
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| 小题9: | | A．surprised | B．moved | C．disappointed | D．delighte |
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| 小题11: | | A．plan | B．decision | C．promise | D．mind |
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| 小题12: | | A．entering | B．joining | C．attending | D．holding |
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| 小题13: | | A．speech | B．book | C．report | D．newspaper |
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| 小题14: | | A．day | B．second | C．week | D．moment |
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| 小题15: | | A．help | B．god | C．job | D．company |
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| 小题16: | | A．something | B．anything | C．nothing | D．everything |
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| 小题17: | | A．alive | B．born | C．missing | D．dead |
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| 小题18: | | A．tested | B．searched | C．checked | D．examined |
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| 小题19: | | A．help | B．harm | C．income | D．money |
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| 小题20: | | A．selling | B．speaking | C．writing | D．listening |
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