Cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make
题型：不详难度：来源：
A pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident in the USA every 110 minutes；one is injured every nine minutes, according to official date. Crosswalk can be especially dangerous for the elderly. Among people 70 and older, 36% of pedestrian deaths in 2006 occurred in crosswalks, compared with 21% of those younger than 70, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
The Federal Highway Administration（FHWA）advises that next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears .
FHWA spokesman Doug Hecox says reasons for the change include an aging population that needs more time to cross, health-conscious Americans walking more, children encouraged to walk to prevent getting overweight and high gas prices pushing people to walk instead of drive.
Pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006. But among those in 2006, 471 were killed in crosswalks, down slightly from 488 ten years earlier, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) says.
小题1:Which of the following is true according to the text?
| A．Among 100 pedestrian deaths there were 21 people younger than 70. |
| B．Old people are more likely to meet with accidents in crosswalks. |
| C．Traffic accidents killed more old people than young people. |
| D．About seven traffic accidents happened per hour. |
| A．Fixing more traffic lights. |
| B．Providing more crosswalks. |
| C．Giving pedestrians more time to cross streets. |
| D．Increasing the time before the orange lights appear. |
| A．There’re many cars and buses on the road. |
| B．Pedestrians are careless. |
| C．Crosswalks are crowded. |
| D．Drivers don’t give way. |
| A．fewer people were injured in crosswalks |
| B．crosswalk safety has been greatly improved |
| C．much has been done to reduce traffic accidents |
| D．pedestrian deaths in crosswalk remain a serious problem |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
小题1:事实判断题。根据第一段和第二段话可以知道正确的答案为B. 该题容易误选A。
小题2:细节判断题，由第三段话中的next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears .可以知道正确答案为C。
小题3:细节判断题。由倒数第二段可以得出正确的答案。
小题4:推理判断题由最后一段中的“But among those in 2006, 471 were killed in crosswalks, down slightly from 488 ten years earlier, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) says .”可以知道正确答案为:D。
举一反三
One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that’s not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land — including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil — into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide（CO2）into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.
You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete lift-cycle analysis of its environmental（环境的）costs. Even then, technology and public policy keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainable requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.
小题1:What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text?
| A．The growing demand for energy to make ethanol. |
| B．The increasing carbon dioxide in the air. |
| C．The greater need for farmland. |
| D．The big change in weather. |
| A．the energy benefit | B．the forest loss |
| C．climate change | D．burning ethanol |
| A．impractical | B．acceptable | C．admirable | D．useless |
| A．Technology. | B．Sustainability. |
| C．Ethanol energy. | D．Environmental protection. |
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.
Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
小题1:The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.
（No more than 3 words）
小题2:What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? （No more than 10 words）
小题3:Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）
小题4:Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）
小题5:What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）
首先请阅读下列深圳书城的畅销书的封面及基本信息：
| A．Foreword | |
 | The Antidepressant Survival Guide: Beat the Side Effects of Your Medication by Robert J. Hedaya, M.D, Robert J. Hedaya, M.D., is a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University Hospital"s Department of Psychiatry. Motto: Live well. |
| B．How Fear Limits Us | |
 | On Becoming Fearless... in Love, Work, and Life by Arianna Huffington Arianna Huffington was raised in Greece by her fearless mother. She has written this book for her two daughters in the hope that they will lead fearless lives. Motto: Overcome the obstacle, get over the next hill. |
| C．Determination: How to Set Goals and Go After Them | |
 | Fight Your Fear and Win by Don Greene, Ph.D. Don Greene, Ph.D., was a nationally ranked high school diver. He was the sports psychologist for the U.S. Olympic Diving Team. Motto: Determination is drive. |
| D．The Anger Business | |
 | Anger : The Misunderstood Emotion by Carol Tavris, Ph.D. Carol Tavris, Ph.D., was senior editor. she now teaches from time to time in the department of psychology at UCLA Motto: Reduce Stress! |
| E．In the Presence of Danger | |
 | The Gift of Fear by Gavin de Becker Davin de Becker, America’s leading expert on violence, is the bestselling author of the Gift of Fear: Survival Signals. Motto: Trust and act on our straight instincts. |
| F．Moving from Fear to Freedom | |
 | Transforming Anxiety, Transcending Shame by Rex Briggs, M.S.W. REX BRIGGS, M.S.W., has been a selected speaker at the National Anxiety Disorders Association of America’s conferences since 1986. Motto: Weaken anxiety |
下面是这些书的简要内容，请匹配相关的书名。
56．This useful, popular book shows that if you are gone broke and lose love, please hold yourself back. If you look fat, just face it calmly. If you are in survival thinking, the most important is that you get rid of all the difficulties in front of us, life will be safe, perfect. If your daughters are to take their rightful place in society, they must become fearless.
57．In this book, the author calls the nation’s leading experts on violent behavior, and shows you how to spot even tiny signs of danger before it’s too late. Most violent acts are unpredictable. It points out that true fear is often a signal that can save your life. Believe the threat of violence surrounds us every day. But we can protect ourselves by straight judgment.
58．This book based on his years of clinical experience. It says about twenty-five million Americans take medicine to avoid depression. Despite the advances in the treatment of depression in recent years, many patients, even with the best medical care, feel that they are not living rich and fulfilling lives. This book will direct you how to survive well.
59．This interesting book tells us that annoyance is as much a political matter as a biological one. And anger is a definite message: Pay attention to me. I don’t like what you are doing. Restore my pride. You’re in my way. Give me justice. This book suggests that when you’re angry, just let it right out.
60．This valuable book states that nervousness has become a constant factor in today’s society like a sign of the times, but it is sometimes difficult to recognize the effects of anxiety on our mental health. The only way to feel better about ourselves is to go out and do it.
At that time I didn’t realize my wife was looking on. Without showing her surprise, she rushed in, seized the phone, tore off the wires, and shouted at the phone, “Yeah! Who do you think you are? Bad telephone! Bad telephone!” And she swept it into the wastebasket.
I stood watching her, speechless. What on earth...?
She stepped to the doorway and shouted at the test of the house, “Now hear this! All objects in this room----if you do anything to upset my husband, out you go!”
Then she turned to me. Kissed me and said calmly, “Honey, you just have to learn how to take control.” With that, she left the room.
After watching a crazy woman rushing in and out, shouting at everything in sight , I noticed that something in my mood （情绪） had changed. I was laughing. How could I have trouble with that phone? Her aunties helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things. Twenty minutes later my agent did call. I was able to listen to him and talk to him and talk to him calmly.
小题1:Why did the author shout at the telephone?、
| A．He was mad at the telephone. |
| B．He was angry with his agent. |
| C．He was anxious about his wife. |
| D．He was impatient with the secretary? |
| A．She said nothing. |
| B．She shouted at him. |
| C．She called the agent. |
| D．She threw the phone away. |
| A．His own behavior |
| B．His wife’s suggestion |
| C．His changeable feelings. |
| D．His wife’s sweet kiss. |
| A．Smut words |
| B．Unusual actions. |
| C．Surprising Looks |
| D．Anxious feelings. |
Math anxiety or fear of math is actually quite common. Math anxiety is quite 1 to stage-fright. Why does someone suffer 2 ? Fear of something going wrong in front of a crowd? Fear of 3 the lines? Fear of being judged 4 ? Fear of going completely blank? Math anxiety conjures（使现出） up fear of some type. The fear that one won"t be able to do the 5 or the fear that it"s too hard or the fear of failure which often stems(起因于) from having a lack of 6 . For the most part, math anxiety is the 7 about doing the math right, our minds draw a 8 and we think we"ll fail and of course the more frustrated and anxious our minds become, the 9 the chance for drawing blanks. Added pressure of having time limits on math tests and exams also cause the levels of anxiety grow for many students.
Where Does Math Anxiety Come From?
Usually math anxiety stems from 10 experiences in mathematics. Typically math phobias have had math presented in such a fashion that it led to limited understanding. Unfortunately, math anxiety is often 11 poor teaching and poor experiences in math which typically leads to math 12 . Many of the students I"ve encountered with math anxiety have demonstrated an over reliance on procedures in math as opposed to actually understanding the math. When one tries to memorize procedures, rules and routines without much 13 , the math is quickly forgotten and 14 soon sets in. Think about your experiences with one concept --- the division of fractions（小部分）. You probably learned about reciprocals（倒数） and inverses. In other words, "It"s not yours to reason why, just invert（反转） and multiply"（乘）. Well, you memorized the rule and it 15 . Why does it work? Do you really understand why it works? Did anyone every use pizzas or math manipulative（巧妙处理的） to show you why it works? If 16 , you simply memorized the procedure and that was that. Think of math as memorizing all the procedures -- 17 if you forget a few? Therefore, with this type of strategy, a good 18 will help, but, what if you don’t have a good memory. Understanding the math is critical. Once students 19 they can do the math, the whole notion of math anxiety can be overcome. Teachers and parents have an important 20 to ensure students understand the math being presented to them.
( ) 1. A. different B. similar C. far D. familiar
( ) 2. A. speech B. performance C. threatens D. stage-fright
( ) 3. A. understanding B. memorizing C. forgetting D. reading
( ) 4. A. poorly B. crazily C. well D. publicly
( ) 5. A. Chinese B. math C. English D. physics
( ) 6. A. wish B. conscience C. determination D. confidence
( ) 7. A. fear B. joy C. pleasure D. doubt
( ) 8. A .failure B. choice C. blank D. death
( ) 9. A. further B. greater C. less D. smaller
( ) 10. A. unpleasant B. unfair C. pleasant D. successful
( ) 11. A. because B. thanks to C. resulting in D. due to
( ) 12. A. fear B. anxiety C. failure D. misunderstanding
( ) 13. A. forgetting B. use C. understanding D. knowledge
( ) 14. A. panic B. excitement C. disappointment D. encouragement
( ) 15. A. opens B. works C. starts D. runs
( ) 16. A. so B. possible C. not D. any
( ) 17. A. Where B. Why C. When D. What
( ) 18. A. memory B. method C. brain D. body
( ) 19. A. fill B. realize C. confirm D. recognize
( ) 20. A. task B. aim C. appointment D. role
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