Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. T
题型：不详难度：来源：
Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed. IP rights protect the artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/ she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing. But today, intellectual property rights, are also enjoyed by those who creative music, art and literature.
In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether; the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, form a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.
小题1:According to the writer, in the beginning, If rights were mainly of use to ______.
| A．those creating music, art and literature | B．novelists |
| C．engineers and inventors | D．those not receiving financial reward for their work |
| A．It makes IP rights harder to protect. | B．It sells songs and films. |
| C．It does not affect the way we understand IP rights. | D．It prevents the production of artwork. |
| A．Intellectual property rights. | B．The Internet. |
| C．Free downloading | D．The large number of songs, films and books. |
| A．A History of IP Rights | B．Ways to Protect Your IP Rights. |
| C．The Present and the Future Of IP | D．IP Rights and Our Attitudes |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
这是一篇介绍知识产权的文章，说明文文体。介绍了知识产权的过去和现在以及我们对待保护知识产权的态度。
小题1:细节理解题。从第一段最后一句可得知。A、B项是现在知识产权保护的的对象，D项未提及.
小题2:推理判断题。从第二段最后两句可得知，在现在网络社会里，许多拥有知识产权的东西可以在网上免费下载，这一惯例已经在全世界掀起了一场大的风暴，正极大地改变了人们对知识产权的以往认识，使得知识产权保护愈加困难。
小题3:推理判断题。依据同上。
小题4:主旨大意题。A、C项都不全面，B 项不是主要内容，D 项最能概括。
举一反三
The representatives newly elected in 1984 were almost four times as wealthy as the first term lawmakers elected only six years before, according to a new study on the members’ financial reports.
Behind this remarkable swing, the study says, there are two main factors: a court decision that outlawed limits on what candidates could give to their own campaigns, and the enormous growth in the cost of pursuing a seat in Congress. As a result, it is increasingly difficult for candidates of modest means, particularly women to amount successful challenges to entrenched office holders.
One solution, the authors contend, is a system of public financing for campaigns, but Congress seems in no mood to change the political rules any time soon.
"The lower chamber is going upper class," said Mark Green, the President of the Democracy Project, a public policy institute based in New York. ".But this evolution from a House of Representatives to a House of Lords denies the diversity of our democracy. It establishes a de facto property qualification for office that increasingly says: The people with low and middle income need not apply. "
The Democracy Project produced the study in cooperation with the United States Public Interests Research Group, a similar institute situated in Washington. But their research was not entirely theoretical. In 1980 Mr. Green was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Congress in New York’s 15th District, in Manhattan. The winner was. Bill Green, one of the wealthiest members of Congress.
5. What can we know from the passage?
A. The House of Representatives is poor men’s club.
B. The House of Representatives was made up of people with low and middle income.
C. The House of Representatives, was rich men’s club;
D. The House of Representatives is made up of people with low and middle income.
6. What does "this remarkable swing" in the third paragraph refer to?
A. The House of Representatives prides itself on being" the people’s House".
B. The new study based on the members’ financial reports.
C. A court decision that outlawed limits on what candidates could give to their own campaigns.
D. The representatives elected now are much wealthier than those elected a few years ago.
7. Which of the following is wrong according to the study?
A. Any honest man can become a representative of the House.
B. Women are more difficult than men to be an entrenched office holder.
C. Limits on what a candidate could give to his campaign are outlawed.
D. One must spend much money getting a seat in the Congress.
8. What is the United States Public Interests Research Group like?
A. The House of Representatives.
B. A public policy institute based in New York.
C. A public policy institute based in Washington.
D. The House of Lords.
9. What does the writer think of the study?
A. Doubtful. B. Believable. C. Opposed. D. Normal.
Jones, who this week admitted to steroid（类固醇）use in the build up to the Sydney Games, has returned the three gold medals and two bronzes she won in 2000.
But Thanou, the silver medalist in Sydney, was herself banned for two years after she failed to appear for a drug test at the 2004 Athens Olympics.
“I’d like to think that Katerina Thanou would not be awarded the gold medal,” Coates told the Australian Associated Press on Tuesday, “but there may be some legal difficulties for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to overcome in order to reach that conclusion.”
Jamaica’s Tayna Lawrence won the 100m bronze medal in Sydney behind Jones and Thanou.
Coates also said he expected the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) to hand back the medals won by the women"s 4x100m and 4x400m relay teams.
Two of Jones’s team mates in the 4x100m team which finished third in Sydney, Torri Edwards and Chryste Gaines, have also served doping（兴奋剂）bans.
The U.S. women’s 4x100m relay team won the gold medal ahead of Jamaica and Russia.
“On the relays, it’s my expectation that the United States Olympic Committee will be required to also hand back the medals won by the other ladies who competed with Jones in the two relays,” Coates said.
“That is normal practice.”
The United States Olympic Committee (USCO) has publicly apologized to the organizers and competitors of the 2000 Sydney Games and the Australian public for Jones’s actions.
As part of the USOC’s apology, president Peter Ueberroth promised that the U.S. would send a clean team to next year’s Beijing Olympics.
1. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Jones has returned the Sydney medals
B. Thanou should not receive Sydney gold
C. Steroid use at Sydney Olympics
D. The U.S would send a clean team to Beijing Olympics.
2. Thanou should not get the Sydney gold medal because________.
A. she didn’t pass the drug test.
B. she served doping ban at Sydney Olympics.
C. she didn’t take the drug test at Sydney Olympics.
D. she ran second at Sydney Olympics.
3. Which of the following statements is True?
A. Jones has got five gold medals at Sydney Olympics.
B. The USCO has returned medals in the two relays.
C. Thanou should receive Sydney gold medal.
D. Jones also took part in the women’s 4x100m relay race.
4. Why did Coates expect the USOC to hand back the medals won in the relay races?
A. Because the IOC required them to do so.
B. Because they didn’t take the first place in the relay races.
C. Because some of the runners of the U.S served doping bans.
D. Because they felt sorry for Jones’s actions.
5. What would probably happen next according to the passage?
A. Thanou would receive Sydney gold.
B. Jamaica’s Tayna Lawrence would receive Sydney gold.
C. Thanou wouldn’t be allowed to take part in the Beijing Olympics.
D. Fewer or no American athletes will serve doping drugs in Beijing Olympics.
In yesterday’s circus（马戏团）show, a tiger suddenly attacked its trainer and had to be shot dead. As the circus packed up and left, circus officials said the show would go on, even without tigers.
However, the officials can’t simply turn a blind eye to the ethical problems left behind. Even before this tragedy(悲剧), animal rights activists protested against keeping wild animals in unnatural conditions and forcing them to suffer for the profit(利润) of circus organizers.
It is now time for us to take effective steps to make sure that circus animals are treated properly.
Circus Safe for Animals
Our circus recently suffered a most tragic event in its history. While we are thankful for the pity from the public, we are also astonished by the opinion expressed in “Tragedy at the Circus.”
First, our performing animals are not taken from the wild. As to the ethical problems. we always believe humans and animals can—and should—live together nicely. To us, the performing animals are representatives of their species(物种), and our circus is one of the only places left willing to support this special role of performing animals in the existence of the species. Those who argue that circus life is harmful to animals show little knowledge of these facts. Life in the “wild” is unsafe, but a continuous struggle for existence. To overlook these realities is the greatest fault against the animal kingdom.
This circus has proven that animals are stronger and smarter than we could imagine. Within the circus is a joyful atmosphere for both animals and humans: people are educated, and species saved.
1.What is the main purpose of the first passage?
A.To show pity for the performing animals.
B.To express worries about animal trainers" safety.
C.To deal with the difficult situations of the circus
D.To call for action to protect circus animals.
2.What will the circus most probably do?
A.Take no notice of the tragedy.
B.Continue its performances.
C.Use fewer wild animals.
D.Limit its profit.
3.What does the circus think of its performing animals?
A.They are as clever as human beings.
B.They struggle continuously with human beings for existence.
C.They are helpful in saving their species.
D.They have equally natural living conditions as wild animals.
4.What is the most probable relationship between the two passages?
A.A public request and a newspaper report.
B.A newspaper article and a reply to it.
C.Two parts of a newspaper article.
D.Two newspaper reports.
Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
They make you sway. With a dance form all their own. Originating as an intimate, innovative dance company, it has evolved into an international force. Taking the spirit of African—American culture and translating it into dance and community programs for more than 35 years. A heritage of bringing together a repertoire of Ailey classics and great dance masterpieces along with exciting new works by emerging artists. Modern Vibrant. Athletic. Colorful. Involving. Because it is dance in step with the people. Part of the neighborhood, their pulse beats—beats—beats of life. Lifting spirits. Able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. Pirouetting the globe. Soaring, moving as one, moving dance into the future. Join Philip Morris in its 12th year of supporting Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. And celebrate the achievement of the Ailey past as they boldly step forward.
9. What does the advertisement ask people to do?
A. To see a play. B. To watch a match.
C. To ball there. D. To see Philip Morris.
10. How is the company?
A. Modern and involving. B. Intimate and innovative.
C. Athletic and colorful. D. Vibrant and innovative.
11. What does Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater hold this activity for?
A. To develop the spirit of African—American culture.
B. To leap tall buildings in a single bound.
C. To pirouette the globe.
D. To celebrate the achievement of the Ailey past.
For some people, the sight of a mouse can be reason to scream. For other mice, the same sight can be reason to sing.
Mice will probably 1 sing their way to any concert, but researchers in the United States have found 2 that mice do, 3 , sing.
Scientists already knew that mice make ultrasonic(超声波) sounds—noises that are too high-pitched(高音的) for people to hear 4 special equipment.
To find out whether mice put such sounds together in song-like 5 , the researchers recorded the sounds of 1 mice. Using computer 6 , they were able to separate the sounds into specific types of syllables(音节), and found the mice produced about 10 syllables per second.
The results showed that nearly all of the mice repeated sequences(顺序) of syllables in different patterns. That’s enough to meet the definition of what scientists 7 song. But not all scientists are 8 _ that what the mice are doing is 9 singing. To prove it, the researchers must show that there’s learning involved. And, they need to __ 10 why the mice sing.
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