Can you imagine learning by playing games. To be sure, only children experienced
题型：不详难度：来源：
Can you imagine learning by playing games. To be sure, only children experienced some things differently from those with sisters and brothers. Many feel more pressure to succeed. They also tend to look only to their parents as role models in the absence of brothers and sisters.
In India, 10-year-old Saviraj Sankpal founded a support group for the tiny minority of only children. Among other things, the group does volunteer work to counter (or be against) the myth that they are not responsible. "People think we"re treated too kindly and ruined," says Sankpal, a computer engineering student. "But I"d like to remind them how lonely it can get."
Most only children, however, say they wish for sisters or brothers only when it comes to caring for aging, unhealthy parents. Britain"s David Emerson, coauthor of the book The Only Child, says that such a person bears terrible burden in having to make all the decisions alone. Emerson knows from experience: After his father died, he chose to move his elderly mother from their family home, where she was vulnerable to (or easy to be attacked by) house breakers, to a new one with more security." The move was quite hard on her, and she might feel that I pushed her into it," he says,". After all, I am left with that responsibility."
In the future, more and more only children will likely face similar choices. With working mothers increasing, many families are finding they simply don"t have the time, money or energy to have more than one child. As only children become common, perhaps the world will realize that the Charge made against them is unjust.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that the author"s attitude towards only children is _______.| A．ironic | B．objective | C．unfriendly | D．unjust |
小题2:It can be inferred from the passage that only children"s parents should ___________.| A．found a support group for their only children | | B．do volunteer work to help their only children | | C．let their only children make all the decisions alone | | D．set good examples for their only children |
小题3:Emerson decided to move his elderly mother to a new house because he ___________.| A．is the only one who cares about her | | B．doesn"t want to leave her alone | | C．wants to share the responsibility with her | | D．is worried about her safety |
小题4:It is quite usual now for a working mother to ____________.| A．spend all her time and money on her only child | | B．be responsible for bringing up her only child | | C．have and bring up only one child | | D．devote all her energy to her job |
小题5:The main idea of the passage is that ________.| A．only children are ruined and irresponsible | | B．only children have to face many challenges | | C．most only children want to have brothers and sisters | | D．most only children share their responsibility with their parents |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：独生子女所经历的事情与有兄弟姐妹的孩子经历的不同，许多独生子女往往承受着更多的压力。大多数独生子女表示，他们想要兄弟姐妹。在将来，越来越多的独生子女会面临更多的挑战。
小题1:根据第一段“only children experienced some things differently from those with sisters and brothers”和最后一段“In the future, more and more only children will likely face similar choices.”可知，作者客观地看待独生子女，独生子女在将来可能会面临更多的压力，A讽刺性的；B客观的；C不友好的；D不公平的，故选B。
小题2:根据第一段“They also tend to look only to their parents as role models in the absence of brothers and sisters.”可知，在没有兄弟姐妹的情况下，独生子女往往把父母看作他们模仿的榜样，因此，独生子女的父母应该做好孩子的榜样，故选D。
小题3:根据第三段“where she was vulnerable to (or easy to be attacked by) house breakers, to a new one with more security”可知，父亲去世以后，Emerson的母亲更容易遭遇入室抢劫，他想把母亲转移到一个更安全的地方，故选D。
小题4:根据最后一段“With working mothers increasing, many families are finding they simply don"t have the time, money or energy to have more than one child.”可知，随着妈妈参加工作，一个家庭没有足够的时间、金钱和精力来抚养更多的孩子，故选C。
小题5:根据第一段“only children experienced some things differently from those with sisters and brothers. Many feel more pressure to succeed.”和最后一段“In the future, more and more only children will likely face similar choices.”可知，文章主要讲的是独生子女面临许多挑战和困难，故选B。 |
举一反三
Many people think of the brain as a mystery. They don"t know much about intelligence and how it works. When they do think about what intelligence is, many people believe that a person is born smart, average, or dumb — and stays that way in the whole life. But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle — it changes and gets stronger when you use it. And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.
Everyone knows that when you lift weights, your muscles get bigger and you get stronger. A person who can"t lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time. That"s because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise. And when you stop exercising, the muscles shrink and you get weaker. That"s why people say “Use it or lose it！”
But most people don"t know that when they practice and learn new things, parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise. Inside the cortex (皮层) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells, called neurons. The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network. Communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems. When you learn new things, these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger. The more you challenge your mind to learn, the more your brain cells grow. Then, things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do — like speaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代数) — seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time. The result is a stronger, smarter brain.
Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals" brains. They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more “perspicacious” — they were better at solving problems and learning new things.
小题1:According to the first paragraph，________.| A．the function of our brain is like that of the muscle | | B．until now it"s impossible to explain the brain"s mystery | | C．many people believe one"s intelligence is naturally determined | | D．one"s brain grows stronger as the age increases |
小题2:Training muscles is compared to ________.| A．using the brain | | B．connecting things in your brain | | C．lifting weights | | D．doing research about the brain |
小题3:What is Paragraph 3 mainly about_________?
The complex structure of the brain.
B. How changes in the muscles affect the brain.
C. The importance of the brain.
D. How the brain becomes stronger by learning new things.
小题4:What does the underlined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean_________?| A．Strong. | B．Smart. | C．Popular. | D．Active. |
小题5:The paragraph that follows the passage will most probably talk about _______.| A．the differences between animals’ brains and humans’ brains | | B．the relation between human brains and muscles | | C．scientists’ findings about animals’ brains | | D．how to make your brain smarter through self-development |
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Rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major cause of climate change, and now a new study has confirmed that atmosphere CO2 is also affecting the ocean chemistry and potentially harming sea life.
Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific Ocean for almost two decades. “We’ve been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we try and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things that we measure is CO2 levels. And we’ve been able to record this increasing quantity of atmosphere CO2 into the ocean.”
Scientists expected that as atmosphere CO2 increased, more and more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular.
“As carbon dioxide dissolves in the water or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid, carbonic acid,” Dore explains. “And therefore, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere goes up and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the pH down, and makes it more acidic.”
The seawater samples Dore and his colleagues have analyzed confirm what the theory predicts.
The effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and his colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up CO2 and then moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation.
“It’s important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. And it can have negative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It’s potentially catastrophic.”
小题1:What can be the best title of the passage?| A．Scientist Researching Seawater | | B．Sea Life Facing Danger | | C．Oceans Becoming More Acidic | | D．Climate Change Affecting Seawater |
小题2:With the increase of atmospheric CO2, _______.| A．more corals will appear in the sea | | B．the chemical balance of the seawater is affected | | C．the surface water is becoming warmer | | D．the pH of the ocean out here has been increasing |
小题3:Which of the following shows the process of the impact of atmospheric CO2 on sea life?
a. Sea life is endangered.
b. CO2 goes into the surface water.
c. The ocean chemistry is affected.
d. CO2 decreases the pH and makes the seawater more acidic.
e. CO2 levels in the atmosphere go up.| A．a→b→c→d→e | B．e→b→c→d→a | | C．a→e→b→c→d | D．e→d→c→b→a |
小题4:Scientist Robert Dore came to the conclusion based on_______.| A．the expectation of other scientists | | B．some former theory | | C．his research and analysis | | D．a major cause of climate change |
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Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes, which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint for invention. We’ve borrowed canals from beavers and reflectors from cat’s eyes. Although the words “bionics”(仿生学) became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案) don’t go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright’s pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter .
Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic(简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett’s fish submarine actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)-sounds shocking, doesn’t it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
小题1:“Cats”, “monkeys” and “giraffes” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to show______.| A．they are highly-evolved species as humans | | B．animals have skills that humans do not possess | | C．humans can learn animals’ skills | | D．they are skillful in different ways |
小题2:What happened after the Wright brothers’ success?| A．People carried out a systematic study on pigeons. | | B．People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane. | | C．People could fly their airplane for fun. | | D．People kept their airplane at a French gallery. |
小题3:Which of the following is true about the research carried out by the US Army?| A．It has cost a large sum of money. | | B．It has changed our life. | | C．It has improved the abilities of tanks | | D．It has not succeeded yet. |
小题4:What does the writer want to tell in the passage?| A．many inventions get ideas from nature. | | B．Some animals possess unique skills. | | C．People should protect nature. | | D．Bionics is far from perfect |
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Many parents take on the role of being their children’s preschool teacher and the responsibility of readying them for kindergarten. To achieve this goal, it is important for parents to introduce a variety of subjects in a positive and playful manner.
“Learning should not be forced,”says Marion Godwin, who has taught first grade in Moorestown, N. J. for more than 30 years.“ It should be taught according to what they know and do best—and that is‘ play’. When teaching them, play games and have fun with the subject. And parents should always be looking for‘teachable moments’.”
“You want a child to be a lifelong learner, so you want to show them learning is everywhere,”she says.“If parents take the time to lay a strong educational foundation, their children will keep building on it.”
Introduce children to science with hands-on activities that interest them, such as growing plants from seeds, discussing animals and how to care for pets, and observing the chemical changes that occur during cooking”, she says.
“Sorting activities, simple patterns and counting games are a great way to teach children the basics of math, and taking them on field trips, singing songs and reciting rhymes also are ways to prepare them for the first day of school”, she says.
“I think children are naturals when it comes to computers,” she says.“Let them play educational games on the computer and teach them how to type their first names using the keyboard. When they are more familiar with using the computer, let them find pictures of animals and places on the web. ”
“Don’t criticize the child,” she says. “You can’t force them to learn something. If they don’t get something right, so what? Smile and be happy and make the experience joyful. Parents need to understand that if a child gets something wrong, they may think something is wrong with them. Keep working with them and when they get the right answer make sure you tell them how hard they worked to get the correct answer. ”
小题1:Marion Godwin tells us that we should teach the children according to their_____ .| A．subjects and needs | | B．level and interest | | C．teachable moments | | D．strong educational foundation |
小题2:According to Godwin, children should ____________________ .| A．keep a pet each and care for it | | B．do some cooking every day | | C．learn science with interesting hand-on activities | | D．learn from the farmers and grow plants from seeds |
小题3:In Godwin’s opinion, children should be encouraged to_________ .| A．learn all by themselves | | B．play more computer games | | C．learn to type their first names | | D．learn online under instructions |
小题4:What’s the best title of the passage?| A．How to prepare your children for kindergarten | | B．Learning should not be forced | | C．How to be a lifelong learner | | D．Learning is everywhere |
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The increase in tuition fees(学费) has led to a “clear drop” in the number of English students applying for university places this autumn. There are 15,000 “missing” applicants this academic year, according to the Independent Commission on Fees. Chairman Will Hutton said: “We’re asking our young men and women to have more debt than any other country in the world — it’s higher than the average debt in the US. It’s not clear whether those lost students this year will return next year, or if it’s a storm warming of a worrying trend.”
But the commission’s report says there does not seem to be an impact on poorer communities. The commission found there was no significant change in the application rate to the key universities, such as Oxford or Cambridge. The decline （下降）in England has not been mirrored in other parts of the UK where fees have not been raised, and the drop can only partly be explained by falling numbers of young people in the population. Students from Scotland attending Scottish universities do not pay fees, while the Welsh Assembly says it will pay fees above ￡3,465 for Welsh students attending UK institutions.
The average tuition fee at English universities this year is ￡ 8,385, rising to ￡ 8,507 next year. UK and EU students have access to govemment-backed loans to pay the fees. And the survey of 1,000 pupils aged 15-18, carried out this April, found that the majority expected to go on to higher education as people continue to understand that university remains a good long term investment in their future.
A spokeswoman at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills which is responsible for universities, said:“Students shouldn’t be forced to put off going to university for financial reasons. Most students will not have to pay in advance, and no one will have to start paying back their student loan until they start to earn at least ￡ 2l,000 per year.”
小题1:From the first paragraph, we know that __________________ .| A．it’s a trend that English students are dropping out of school | | B．the rising tuition fees have a great effect on English students | | C．the lost English students will find their way back | | D．many English students are missing the final examinations |
小题2:Why is there still a drop of applicants though fees have not been raised?| A．Because the students live in poor communities. | | B．Because Welsh students will pay fees above￡3,465. | | C．Because education is free for Scottish students. | | D．Because there are less young students in the area. |
小题3:What’s the students’ attitude to universities in the survey?| A．Most of them are willing to go to university. | | B．They feel universities takes up too much time. | | C．They will stop applying for university places this autumn. | | D．They are anxious to go to a key university. |
小题4:The spokeswoman in the last paragraph advises students to ______________| A．put off going to university | | B．reduce the anxiety about the rising fees | | C．pay for the fees in advance | | D．pay back their loan soon after graduation |
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