Cast your mind back to the past twenty years and hardly did anyone have their ow
题型：不详难度：来源：
Cast your mind back to the past twenty years and hardly did anyone have their own email account. The Internet had just taken off in 1991 and people were only using office and PCbased email exchanges.
In the mid 1990s external email providers appeared. The most famous of these was Hotmail, the first free email provider and webbased email service. Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith launched Hotmail on July 4, 1996. And Microsoft took note of and bought Hotmail for $400 million on December 30, 1997, a nice birthday present for Bhatia who turned 29 that day. It was relaunched as MSN Hotmail and in 2007 was relaunched again as Windows Live Hotmail.
Fast forward the present day and most of us have at least a personal webbased email account. It seems impossible to live without them. One of the biggest advantages of email is the fact that communication has become so much easier, especially with those across different time zones. Email takes seconds to send a message whereas letters, as we used to communicate by, could take weeks. Of course there was the fax, that beeping invention from the 1980s, but it wasn’t as secure as email and you never knew if the person on the other end had picked up your fax or if it had got lost somewhere in the office.
In conclusion, one of the best inventions from the 1990s has to be email. But sometimes people are too closely connected to their email and have a compulsion to check it several times a day. At work, people have become lazy and instead of going to speak to the person sitting next to them, they send an email，causing an in box to pile up with more time spent reading email and responding rather than working. Clearly, an invention that saved time because of its quick and speedy connection can now also cause us to waste a lot of time.
小题1:The earliest web-based email came into being probably _______.| A．in 1991 | B．in 1996 | C．in 1997 | D．in 2007 |
小题2:The author mentions “fax” in the third paragraph in order to tell us that _______.| A．it is exactly as good as email | | B．it is much better than email | | C．it is less convenient than email | | D．it is easier and faster than email |
小题3:The underlined word “compulsion” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_______”.| A．strong desire | B．common sense | C．special curiosity | D．general idea |
小题4:Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?| A．We should check email boxes frequently. | | B．Lazy people like sending an email. | | C．Email brings us great convenience. | | D．Good inventions also cause problems. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了通信方式的发展变化。自从有了互联网，电子邮件快速发展，得到了广泛的应用。几乎每个人都有一个电子邮件账号。但是，发明给我们带来便利的同时，也会附带有一些问题的出现。
小题1:根据“In the mid 1990s external email providers appeared. The most famous of these was Hotmail, the first free email provider and webbased email service. Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith launched Hotmail on July 4, 1996.”可知，基于网络的最早的电子邮件出现在二十世纪九十年代中期，故选B。
小题2:根据第三段“Of course there was the fax, that beeping invention from the 1980s, but it wasn’t as secure as email and you never knew if the person on the other end had picked up your fax or if it had got lost somewhere in the office.”可知，传真没有电子邮件安全，无法知道对方是否接收了传真，或者把传真的文件放丢了。传真没有电子邮件方便，故选C。
小题3:根据最后一段“But sometimes people are too closely connected to their email and have a compulsion to check it several times a day.”可知，有时候，人们与电子邮件的联系过于密切，以至于有一种一天查收好几次的***。故选A。
小题4:根据最后一段“Clearly, an invention that saved time because of its quick and speedy connection can now also cause us to waste a lot of time.”可知，好的发明在带来便利的同时，也会引起许多问题。故选D。 |
举一反三
I am a psychologist. I first met Timothy, a quiet, overweight eleven-year-old boy, when his mother brought him to me to discuss his declining grades. A few minutes with Timothy were enough to confirm that his self-esteem(自尊) and general happiness were falling right along with them. I asked about Timothy’s typical day. He awoke every morning at six thirty so he could reach his school by eight and arrived home around four thirty each afternoon. He then had a quick snack, followed by either a piano lesson or a lesson with his math tutor. He finished dinner at 7 pm, and then he sat down to do homework for two to three hours. Quickly doing the math in my head, I found that Timothy spent an average of thirteen hours a day at a writing desk.
What if Timothy spent thirteen hours a day at a sewing machine instead of a desk? We would immediately be shocked, because that would be called children being horribly mistreated. Timothy was far from being mistreated, but the mountain of homework he faced daily resulted in a similar consequence —he was being robbed of his childhood. In fact, Timothy had no time to do anything he truly enjoyed, such as playing video games, watching movies, or playing board games with his friends.
Play, however, is a crucial part of healthy child development. It affects children’s creativity, their social skills, and even their brain development. The absence of play, physical exercise, and freefrom social interaction takes a serious toll on many children. It can also cause significant health problems like childhood obesity, sleep problems and depression.
Experts in the field recommend the minutes children spend on their homework should be no more than ten times the number of their grade level. As a fifthgrader, Timothy should have no more than fifty minutes a day of homework (instead of three times that amount). Having an extra two hours an evening to play, relax, or see a friend would soundly benefit any child’s life quality.
小题1:What does the underlined word “them” in the first paragraph probably refer to?| A．Timothy’s parents. | B．Timothy’s grades. | | C．Psychologists. | D．The students. |
小题2:What did the writer think of Timothy after learning about his typical day?| A．Timothy was very hardworking. | | B．Timothy was being mistreated. | | C．Timothy had a heavy burden. | | D．Timothy was enjoying his childhood. |
小题3:Which of the following statements best describes the writer’s opinion?| A．Children should be allowed enough time to play. | | B．Playing board games works better than playing video games. | | C．The more they play, the more creative children will become. | | D．The depression caused by homework makes children unwilling to play. |
小题4:According to the passage, how long should a thirdgrader spend a day doing homework?| A．About ten minutes. | | B．No more than twenty minutes. | | C．No more than thirty minutes. | | D．About fifty minutes. |
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Sigmund Freud was one of the first scientists to make serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities based in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams to search for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠术). He wanted to see whether putting patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease troubled minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.
Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved sitting with his patients and listening to them talk. He had them talk about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to be expressed. There could be no holding back because of fear or guilt.
Freud believed that all the painful memories of childhood lay buried in the unconscious self. This part of the mind he said contains wishes, desires and experiences too frightening to recognize.
He thought that if these memories could somehow be brought into the conscious mind, the patient would again feel the pain. But this time, the person would experience them as an adult. The patient would feel them, be able to examine them and, if successful, finally understand them.
Using this way, Freud reasoned, the pain and emotional pressure of the past would be greatly weakened. They would lose their hold over the person"s physical health. Soon the patient would get better.
Many of Freud"s theories about how the mind works also had strong sexual connections. These included what he saw as the repressed feelings of sons toward their mothers and daughters toward their fathers.
If nothing else, Freud"s ideas were revolutionary. Some people rejected them. Many others came to accept them. But no one disputes his great influence on the science of mental health.
小题1:How many methods did Sigmund Freud use to study the mind?| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
小题2:Sigmund Freud’s research was difficult because ______.| A．he had to work hard and have patients talk freely | | B．he had to live with people who had troubled minds | | C．he had to listen to unhappy stories of different people | | D．he had to give his patients a sense of security |
小题3:Sigmund Freud held the idea that the painful memories of childhood ______.| A．could be forgotten forever | | B．could have a life-long influence | | C．could become wises and desires | | D．could be understood unconsciously |
小题4:If an adult parent feels the memories of childhood painful, the patient would probably ______.| A．have physical and mental problems | | B．be greatly influenced by them | | C．have a better understanding of life | | D．have a healthier and happier life |
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One of my China Dialogue colleagues in Beijing recently bought a Philips energy-saving light bulb to replace a standard one．He was happy with his choice．It may have cost 30 yuan （just under US$4．50） - ten times the price of a filament （灯丝） bulb - but he wanted to save energy as part of his low-carbon lifestyle．And according to the shopkeeper, he would save, in the long run, much more than the 30 yuan he was spending．
Yet only one month later, his expensive light bulb blew up, before he had saved even a small part of the purchase price．Will he stick to his high-cost, low-carbon lifestyle?
China"s environmental organizations have started to advocate low-carbon lifestyles and the decrease of carbon footprints to help fight against climate change．But they have overlooked one fact: in China, low-carbon living comes at a high cost．It means buying energy-saving bulbs and appliances, and environmentally friendly building materials and daily goods．Cost can no longer be the only standard for purchases．An energy-saving and environmentally friendly product is more expensive than a standard alternative - whether it"s a simple light bulb or the house it shines．For average consumers, even buying an ordinary bulb is a huge burden．How can we persuade ordinary people to choose an energy-saving residence? This is not a trend they can afford to follow; perhaps this fashion is only for the rich．
Most consumers today do not cause huge carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions．Their responsibility lies not in choosing a low-carbon lifestyle today, but in avoiding a high-carbon life in the future．The principle of "common but differentiated responsibility" - a basis of sustainable development - can be applied here as well．
In China, low-carbon living still is resisted by a lack of social infrastructure（基础设施）. Even if your salary allows you to make that choice, nobody is there to help you accomplish it．
Consider energy-saving homes. You need to find out whether or not the developer has used natural materials wherever possible; how effective the insulation（绝缘物、隔热物） is; and what the green credentials of installed equipment are．You can read up a little, but you"ll still be lucky to avoid being puzzled by the developers" marketing．Many so-called energy-saving buildings are nothing of the sort, and some are even more energy-hungry than the average home - as Li Taige warned in his article "Energy-efficient buildings? Not always", on China Dialogue last August．
小题1: What may probably be the best title of this passage?| A．To purchase a cheap bulb - your wise alternative． | | B．To choose an energy-saving residence - a must of your life | | C．To learn a low-carbon lifestyle - each citizen"s responsibility | | D．To learn a low-carbon lifestyle - a promising but difficult purpose |
小题2:Why does the writer say this fashion is only for the rich in the fourth paragraph?| A．Because the cost is a very important standard for purchases. | | B．Because buying an ordinary bulb is very expensive. | | C．Because energy-saving products are more expensive than the common alternatives. | | D．Because rich people like to follow this trend. |
小题3: What does the writer think of energy-saving homes?| A．Most of them are environmentally friendly. | | B．They are musts of low-carbon lifestyle of Chinese. | | C．They are huge burdens for Chinese people. | | D．Many of them are more in name than in reality. |
小题4:We can infer from the passage that ____．| A．Using energy-saving bulbs and appliances is a fashion． | | B．It"s easy for most Chinese to try to learn a low-carbon lifestyle． | | C．All citizens in China don’t have the same responsibility in living a low-carbon lifestyle． | | D．Most Chinese families cannot afford to purchase an energy-saving residence. |
小题5:What is the writer"s attitude towards the low-carbon lifestyle?| A．informative and entertaining | B．supportive but cautious | | C．negative but wise | D．positive and active |
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A motivational strategy that parents can employ with their kids, is to frame tasks and responsibilities in the context of what the end benefit is for them. I call this strategy WIIFM
(“What’s in it for me?”).
When a teen can combine an understanding of WIIFM with a sense of passion about achieving a goal, barriers will start to fall away. At our teen summer camps, we arrange an event near the end of the 10-day session that helps campers identify an important life goal and mentally break through their biggest barrier to achieving the goal.
We pass around 12-by-12-inch pine boards. We tell campers that this activity is not about breaking a piece of wood. It’s about how you can get what you want in your life. It’s about breaking barriers to grab on to your goals.
They have the power to break through any barrier. It has nothing to do with body size or physical condition. The skinniest, smallest teens will break through the board almost as easily as the big ones.
We talk to the campers about the reasons they might have had for not reaching their goals in the past. Maybe they got lazy and decided it wasn’t worth the effort. Maybe they failed and let their fear of failure hold them back. But this exercise is about putting the past where it belongs. Today is about making new choices.
By this point in the program, we ask them to think of the goal they’ve set for themselves and write their goals on the boards. Then they write the possible obstacles which may hold them back on the opposite sides. An inch of pine now stands between them and their dreams.
The facilitators and their teammates gather around. The support is strong. One by one, they break through the barriers and grab their goals! All around us teens are laughing, crying, hugging, and holding up the broken pieces of their boards. The confidence shown on their faces is beautiful.
While arranging such an activity in one’s home is almost unrealistic for parents, the value of helping a teen break through a personal barrier simply by being there as moral support can not be overestimated. More help for parents in the form of videos and articles is available at our website, in our blogs and in a monthly e-newsletter.
小题1:The 12-by-12-inch pine boards are used as _________________.| A．materials to test one’s muscles | | B．signs of goals in one’s life | | C．assessments to show one’s progress | | D．symbols of barriers in one’s life |
小题2:We can learn from the passage that through the event the campers _________.| A．become hard-working | B．get moral support | | C．gain confidence | D．set right goals |
小题3:Which is the best title for the passage?| A．The Power of WIIFM | B．What’s in It for Me | | C．The Importance of Goals | D．Motivational Strategies |
小题4:The passage is intended for _____________.| A．teens | B．parents | C．campers | D．Tutors |
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A study shows that nearly ninety percent of teens report that they have tried alcohol. That’s an increase of 23 percent in just four years!
Each year, 1.1 billion cans of beer are drunk by students aged 15-19 years old. Beer is the most common alcoholic drink among teens—81 percent of the drinkers had tried it. Beer is followed by wine with 63 percent, hard liquor(烈酒) with 53 percent and wine coolers with 35 percent.
When the young people are asked why they drank, the most common answer is that drinking is “something to do”. If a teen’s parents drink alcohol, the teenager is more likely to start drinking at an early age. Also, tens see all of their friends drinking alcohol so they think it is the must-to-do thing. Peer pressure is probably the hardest thing teens have to deal with. What’s more, teens often drink alcohol because it makes them feel older and cooler.
Researchers asked 56,000 students about their drinking habits and grades, to see how drinking might affect their grades in school. The results seem to be clear. Students who got a C level or lower tend to use three times as much alcohol as those who got B’s or A’s.
Alcohol use can be deadly. About 8,100 young people are killed per year in alcohol-related accidents. Eight young people die per day as a result of a drunk-driving accident. Between 50 and 65 percent of all teen suicides (自***) occur after the young people drink.
So you see, drinking the alcohol doesn’t always end up with a good time. The next time you try to push someone to drink or someone tries to push you to drink, please remember this. One drink can set the habit for life. Why not throw it away?
小题1:The reasons for teens’ drinking alcohol are mentioned EXCEPT that _______________.| A．they think it is cool to drink alcohol | | B．their parents set a bad example to them | | C．alcohol can make them happier | | D．peer pressure plays an important role |
小题2:What can we learn from paragraph 4?| A．Drinking alcohol makes students stupid. | | B．Good students never try alcohol. | | C．Drinking habits have something to do with IQ. | | D．Students with poor grades tend to use more alcohol. |
小题3:The passage was written mainly to ______________________.| A．show the bad effect of drinking alcohol | | B．show how many teenagers drink alcohol | | C．tell teenagers not to try alcohol | | D．tell the reasons why teenagers drink alcohol. |
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