CEducation is not an end but a means to an end．In other words, we do not educate

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C
Education is not an end but a means to an end．In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them．Our purpose is to fit them for life．
In some modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation．But we have already seen that free education for all is not enough; we find in some countries a far larger number of people with university degrees．They refuse to do what they think “low” work and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries．But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of professor．We can live without education, but we die if we have no food．If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases．
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in certain ways．Firstly each of us can do whatever work suited to our brains and ability．Secondly, we should realize that all jobs are necessary to society．It is very bad to be shamed of one’s work．Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society．
小题1:What would be the best title for the text?

A．The Means of Education．	B．The System of Education．
C．The Value of Education．	D．The Type of Education．

小题2:From the second paragraph of the passage we know that ________．

A．work with hands is low work because it is dirty and shameful．

B．the work of the completely uneducated is the most important．

C．education is no more important than food in order to live．

D．we shouldn’t think of work with hands as low work．

小题3:What kind of educational system is valuable to society?

A．A large number of people can go to university．

B．Everyone can solve all the problems of society．

C．All the people can get free education．

D．Everyone must be educated differently to fit them for society．

小题4:What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Our society needs all kinds of jobs．

B．Free education for all is enough．

C．A farmer is more important than a professor．

D．People with university degrees shouldn’t do low work．

答案

小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:A

解析

试题分析：本文叙述了教育孩子的目的并非为了教育他们，现在的社会有人认为用手的工作是低等的工作，工作没有贵贱之分，只有分工不同，每个人的工作都是很重要的，我们要把自己培养成适应社会的人。
小题1:标题归纳题。根据Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society，故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of professor．我们不应该把用手的工作认为是低等的工作，故选D。
小题3:细节理解题。根据when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life每个人都必须接受教育以适合不同的社会，故选D。
小题4:推理判断题。根据it means that we must be educated in certain ways．可以推出我们的社会需要各种各样的工作。故选A。
点评：　推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。

举一反三

A
On the first day of the 11th grade, our new math teacher Mr Washington asked me to go to the blackboard to do a math problem. I told him that I couldn’t do it. He asked, “Why not?” I paused, and then I said, “Because I’m educable mentally retarded (可教育智能迟滞).”
He came from behind his desk and looked at me. “Don’t ever say that again. Someone’s opinion of you does not have to become your reality,” he said.
It was a very special moment for me. Doctors said that I was educable mentally retarded in the fifth grade, and I was put back into the fourth grade. When I was in the eighth grade, I failed again.
But Mr Washington changed my life. This person always gave students the feeling that he had high expectations of them, and then all of the students did their best to live up to what those expectations were. He often said, “You have greatness within you.”
One day, I caught up with him in the parking place and said, “Mr Washington, is there greatness within me, sir?”
He said, “Yes, Mr Brown.”
“But what about the fact that I failed English, math, and history? What about that, sir? I’m slower than most kids.”
“It doesn’t matter. It just means that you have to work harder. Your grades don’t determine who you are or what you can produce in your life.”
“I want to buy my mother a house.”
“It is possible, Mr Brown. You can do that.” And he turned to walk away.
“Mr Washington?”
“What do you want now?”
“Uh, I’m the one, sir. One day you’re going to hear my name. I’m the one, sir.”
School was a real struggle for me. Mr Washington put many demands on me. He made me believe that I could do it. At the end of that year, I was on the honor roll for the first time in my life.
Years later, I produced five programs on public television. When one of my programs was shown on the educational television channel, I had some friends call him. I was sitting by the phone waiting when he called me. He said, “May I speak to Mr Brown, please?”
“Oh, Mr Washington, is that you?”
“Yes, it’s me. You were the one, weren’t you?”
“Yes, sir, I was.”
小题1:What does Mr Washington mean by saying “Someone’s opinion of you does not have to become your reality”?

A．You needn’t have the same opinion as others.

B．You should believe what other people say.

C．What other people say about you may not be correct.

D．The doctor made a mistake.

小题2: What happened to the author at last?

A．He entered a good university.	B．He earned much honor.
C．He got a good job.	D．He made television programs.

小题3: In the passage, the author implies that _________.

A．people shouldn’t believe what doctors say

B．no one can be successful with hard work and confidence

C．no one is really educable mentally retarded

D．a good teacher can change a student’s life

小题4:The best title for the passage would be “__________”.

A．Don’t believe others	B．I am the one
C．My best teacher	D．I succeeded at last

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B
As an effect of the high fuel prices spent on bus transportation, some American schools are changing to a four-day week. That means longer days instead of the traditional Monday through Friday schedule.
Having been approved for three years and beginning in the fall, students in the Maccray school district in Minnesota will be in school from Tuesday to Friday. Each school day will be 65 minutes longer. Officials say the district expects to save about sixty-five thousand dollars a year in transportation costs.
In new Mexico, the first school district changed to a four-day week in 1974 because of the Arab oil boycott(抵制). Now, 17 out of 89 districts use it.
In Custer, South Dakota, students have been going to school four days a week since 1995. Superintendent Tim Creal says the change has saved about one million dollars over just the past eight years. He sees other benefits, too. Students get more instructional time, and activities that used to take up class time are now held on non-school days. He says that in the future, the growth of online classes could make it possible to require even fewer days in school. High fuel prices are driving college students to take more online classes.
A four-day school week sounds like a great idea for students and teachers, but working parents may have to pay for child care for that fifth day.
小题1:According to Tim Creal, what makes it possible to have even fewer days in school?

A．The increasing number of private tutors.(私人教师)

B．The development of teaching methods.

C．The increase in the number of online classes.

D．The growth in the income of Americans.

小题2: It can be learned from the passage that______

A．students will be in school from Monday to Tuesday.

B．four-day week was first carried out in South Dakota.

C．Maccray will save one million dollars every year.

D．Minnesota state has approved the four-day week plan

小题3:The passage is mainly about______

A．some school’s four-day week plan	B．districts using a four-day week.
C．how to save on transportation fees.	D．expense of school transportation.

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HIGHFIELD COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL
SCHOOL REPORT
Form Teacher: G. Baker Pupil’s Name: Simon Watkins
Term: Summer 2010 Form: Ⅳ B

Subject	Exam	Class work	Comments
English	59	61	Simon has reached a satisfactory standard but now needs to apply himself with more determination.
Mathematics	77	85	Sound work and progress throughout the year. Well done!
History	46	53	A disappointing exam result. He is unable to give attention to this subject for long.
Chemistry	78	85	His obvious ability in the subject was not fully reflected in his exam work, but I have high hopes for him nevertheless.
Physics	86	94	An excellent term’s performance. He goes from strength to strength. A born scientist, I feel.
Biology	57	60	This time next year he will be taking the “0” exam. He needs to concentrate on the work, not on class conversation.
French	41	46	Clearly he didn’t bother to revise. His general attitude is far too casual.
Physical Education	/	31	Weak. It’s time he exercised his body more and his voice less. He should try to work with a team.

FORM TEACHER’S REMARKS                                       HEADMASTER
Basically satisfactory work and progress               I shall be keeping an eye on his
though he will now have realized, I hope, that          progress in his weaker subjects
in certain subject areas he needs to make speedy     though his success in the
improvement.                               science is most pleasing.

小题1:According to the comments of the Physical Education teacher, Simon _____.

A．is too talkative in the class

B．likes to work with his classmates

C．doesn’t exercise his body at the right time

D．becomes weak because he doesn’t exercise at all

小题2: Which of Simon’s subjects will attract the headmaster’s attention in future?

A．Biology and Maths.	B．History and French.
C．English and Chemistry.	D．Physics and Physical Education.

小题3:Which of the following statements best describes Simon?

A．He has made great progress in language classes.

B．His potential has been fully reflected in science classes.

C．His grade in maths makes him a born scientist.

D．He needs to improve his attitude on certain subjects.

小题4:Based on the school report, which of the following statements is true?

A．Simon didn’t bother his teacher to revise French.

B．Basically, Simon did a good job in science.

C．Simon is a determined learner in English.

D．Simon is able to pay attention to history for long.

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B
What happens inside the skull of a soccer player when repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury”, like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小题1:The passage is most probably a ________.

A．news report	B．research report
C．story for soccer players	D．text for doctors

小题2: In which way can researchers find the structural changes in the brain?

A．Computerized test	B．Questionnaire
C．Scanning	D．M.R.I. technique

小题3: From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have ________.

A．significant effect on brain	B．little effect on one’s brain
C．nothing to do with the brain injury	D．one’s memory improved

小题4:What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?

A．Playing soccer frequently	B．Tests of their memory
C．White matter loss	D．Information processing

小题5:The underlined word “fumbling” is closest in meaning to ________?

A．remembering

B．misunderstanding

C．recalling

D．missing

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C
All parents know that one of their most important tasks is to prepare their children for an independent life, but any parent can tell you that it’s hard to let go of your children. That balance between keeping your children safe and allowing them to learn from their own mistakes can be heartbreaking. Years of experience means that parents often do know best, but on the other hand the young, being less bound by tradition, are often more creative, more able to find new solutions to old problems. Revolutions are led by the young.
Good teachers make the growth of critical thinking (批判性思维) easier in their students, only to find that this lead to a questioning of the teachers’ basic beliefs. Schools encourage parents to become involved, but are often embarrassed when parents have doubts about some of the educational methods being used. Governments encourage unimportant groups to empower themselves in order to participate fully in the development process. And they are often surprised when the new leaders of these groups turn around and attack the policies or decisions of that same government. However, the rebellious (叛逆的) young and the newly unimportant groups are important in social development. They are not necessarily representatives of those they want to represent in their demands, but their voices must be heard.
Good parents know that just forbidding (禁止) particular behaviors does not prevent their children from finding ways to engage in these forbidden activities. Indeed, sometimes the forbidden fruit is more inviting, just because it is not accepted by authority. Parents must work with their children to educate them on the facts, know as much as possible about the lives of their children, provide a good example, encourage more wholesome activities but also support their children when they don’t follow what is expected of them. But the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go.
小题1:By saying “Revolutions are led by the young.”, the author indicates that young people are more _______.

A．conventional

B．realistic

C．creative

D．heartbreaking

小题2:From the second Paragraph we know ________.

A．teachers’ basic beliefs should be questioned by students

B．schools encourage parents to question their education methods

C．government is satisfied with the new leaders’ attack on the policies

D．the voice of the rebellious young should be heard by the government

小题3:In order to educate children well, parents should _______.

A．forbid particular behaviors in their daily life

B．know them well and set a good example to them

C．educate them with facts and expect much of them

D．know as much as possible about their children

小题4:From the passage we can learn that the author prefers _______.

A．free parenting	B．traditional parenting
C．critical parenting	D．smart parenting

小题5:What is the best title of the passage?

A．Letting Go – for Children’s Independent Life

B．Parents’ Task – in Children’s Development

C．Way of Growth – for the Young Groups

D．Teaching Methods – for Teachers and Schools

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